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This document outlines an undergraduate course on oil refinery and petrochemical engineering. The aim is to help students understand the importance and processes of oil refining and petrochemical production. Key topics covered include the composition of crude oil, refinery products and processes, petrochemical feedstocks and specialty products, unit operations in oil refineries, and refinery and process design. Assessment methods include assignments, quizzes, and exams. The course schedule lists weekly lecture topics and associated assessments across 15 weeks.

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Musah Haruna
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41 views12 pages

Lecture 1 2 3 4 5

This document outlines an undergraduate course on oil refinery and petrochemical engineering. The aim is to help students understand the importance and processes of oil refining and petrochemical production. Key topics covered include the composition of crude oil, refinery products and processes, petrochemical feedstocks and specialty products, unit operations in oil refineries, and refinery and process design. Assessment methods include assignments, quizzes, and exams. The course schedule lists weekly lecture topics and associated assessments across 15 weeks.

Uploaded by

Musah Haruna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OIL REFINERY AND

PETROCHEMICAL
ENGINEERING
ING. PROF. NANA SARFO AGYEMANG DERKYI, PHD.
AIM

The purpose of this course is to help students


appreciate the importance of, and gain
knowledge in oil refining and petrochemical
processing in the petroleum sector.
OBJECTIVES
1. Have a broad scientific and technological understanding of the
fundamentals and methodologies in the petroleum refining
processes.

2. Knowledge on the concepts of petrochemicals, refinery


equipment design and process plant design.

3. Appreciate the principles and applications of petrochemicals.


Learning Outcomes
On completion of the course, students will be able to:
(i) Demonstrate understanding of the scientific and technological principles of oil refining and
petrochemical processes.

(ii) Classify and determine petrochemical feedstock and products.

(iii) Identify the unit operations and processes in oil refinery.

(iv) Undertake oil refinery equipment design.

(v) Construct and analyze oil refinery process design using CHEMCAD/HYSIS.
Week Date (2020) Lecture Topic Assessment
1 Jan 20th & 24th Course Overview / Introduction to Petroleum Refinery & Petrochemical
Engineering
2 Jan 27th & 31st Composition of Crude Oil & Fuel Chemistry
3 Feb 3rd & 7th Overview of Refinery Products and Processes Assignment # 1
4 Feb 10th & 14th Petrochemical Feedstock and Specialty Products Quiz # 1
5 Feb 17th & 21st Petroleum Refining & Petrochemical Processes: Separation Assignment # 2

6 Feb 24th & 28th Petroleum Refining & Petrochemical Processes: Conversion Quiz # 2

7 March 2nd & 6th Petroleum Refining & Petrochemical Processes: Conversion Assignment # 3

8 March 9th & 13th Petroleum Refining & Petrochemical Processes: Conversion Quiz # 3

9 March 16th & 20th Petroleum Refining & Petrochemical Processes: Treating and Supporting

10 March 23rd Mid-Semester Exam [20%]


10 March 27th Petroleum Refinery Equipment Design
11 March 30th Petroleum Refinery Equipment Design Assignment # 4
12 April 6th & 10th Petroleum Refinery Equipment Design Quiz # 4
13 April 13th & 17th Petroleum Refinery Process Plant Design Assignment # 5
14 April 20th & 24th Petroleum Refinery Process Plant Design
15-16 As per schedule End of Semester Exam [40%]
Introduction

What is Crude Oil & Crude Oil Refining?


Crude oil, also known as black gold, is a thick, dark brown or greenish flammable liquid, which is found in the upper strata
of some regions of the Earth's crust
It is a complex mixture of various hydrocarbons, along with trances of other chemicals and compounds (e.g. Sulphur)
When extracted from underground, it ranges in density from very light to very heavy and in color, from yellow to black

 Crude oil must undergo several separation processes


so that its components can be obtained and used as
fuels or converted to more valuable products
An Oil Refinery

 The process of transforming crude oil into finished


petroleum products (that the market demands) is
called crude oil refining
Introduction
Petroleum refining processes are:
the chemical engineering processes and other facilities used in
petroleum refineries to transform crude oil into useful products such as:
liquefied petroleum gas (LPG),
gasoline or petrol,
kerosene,
jet fuel,
diesel oil and
fuel oils
Distillation of Crude Oil
 The components of crude oil can be separated by taking advantage of the differences in their boiling
points.
 This is done by simply heating up crude oil, allowing it to vaporize, and then letting the vapor to
condense at different levels of the distillation tower (depending on their boiling points).
 This process is called fractional distillation and the products of the fractional distillation of crude oil are
called fractions.

A fraction from crude oil can be categorized into two:


◦ Refined Product: A crude oil fraction which contains a lot of individual hydrocarbons (e.g. gasoline,
asphalt, waxes, and lubricants)

◦ Petrochemical Product: A crude oil fraction which contain one or two specific hydrocarbons of high
purity (e.g. benzene, toluene, and ethylene).
Introduction
 Petroleum refineries are very large industrial complexes that involve many
different processing units and auxiliary facilities such as utility units and storage
tanks.

Each refinery has its own unique arrangement and combination of refining
processes largely determined by the refinery location, desired products and
economic considerations.

Some modern petroleum refineries process as much as 800,000 to 900,000


barrels (127,000 to 143,000 cubic meters) per day of crude oil.
Introduction
 Petroleum refining has evolved continuously in response to changing consumer
demand for better and different products.
 The original requirement was to produce kerosene as a cheaper and better source
of light than whale oil.
 The development of the internal combustion engine led to the production of
gasoline and diesel fuels.
 The evolution of the airplane created a need first for high-octane aviation gasoline
and then for jet fuel, a sophisticated form of the original product, kerosene.
 Present-day refineries produce a variety of products including many required as
feedstock for the petrochemical industry.
Year Process Name Purpose By-products, etc.

1862 Atmospheric distillation Produce kerosene Naphtha, tar, etc.

1870 Vacuum distillation Lubricants (original) Asphalt, residual


Cracking feedstocks (1930's) coker feedstocks

1913 Thermal cracking Increase gasoline Residual, bunker fuel

1916 Sweetening Reduce sulfur & odor Sulfur

1930 Thermal reforming Improve octane number Residual

1932 Hydrogenation Remove sulfur Sulfur

1932 Coking Produce gasoline basestocks Coke

1933 Solvent extraction Improve lubricant viscosity index Aromatics

1935 Solvent dewaxing Improve pour point Waxes

1935 Cat. polymerization Improve gasoline yield Petrochemical


& octane number feedstocks

1937 Catalytic cracking Higher octane gasoline Petrochemical


feedstocks
1939 Visbreaking Reduce viscosity Increased distillate, tar

1940 Alkylation Increase gasoline octane & yield High-octane aviation gasoline

1940 Isomerization Produce alkylation feedstock Naphtha

1942 Fluid catalytic cracking Increase gasoline yield & octane Petrochemical feedstocks

1950 Deasphalting Increase cracking feedstock Asphalt

1952 Catalytic reforming Convert low-quality naphtha Aromatics

1954 Hydrodesulfurization Remove sulfur Sulfur

1956 Inhibitor sweetening Remove mercaptan Disulfides

1957 Catalytic isomerization Convert to molecules with high octane number Alkylation feedstocks

1960 Hydrocracking Improve quality and reduce sulfur Alkylation feedstocks

1974 Catalytic dewaxing Improve pour point Wax

1975 Residual hydrocracking Increase gasoline yield from residual Heavy residuals

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