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Machine Learning
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Machine Learning
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Introdugao ao Machine Learning De aplicativs de tad Jos auténomes,fodos 0s poderes com Machine Learning. Ele oferece uma mancira de resolver problemas ¢ responder a ‘erguntas complexas. & esicamente um proceso de teinamento de um software chamado algritmo ou modelo, para fazer previsbes ites a partir de dados, Este artigo discute as categoras de problemas de aprendizado de méquin c terminologies usadas no campo do aprendizado de méqui ‘Tipos de problemas de aprendizado de méquina Existem vérias manciras de classifcar problemas de aprendizado de miquina. Aqui, dscutimos as mais Sbvas 1. Com base na natureza do "sina" ou “feedback” de aprendizagem disponivel para um sistema de aprendizagem ‘+ Aprendizagem supervisionada: O modelo ou algoritmo & apresentado com entradas de exemplo e suas saldasdesejadas e, em sepuida, encontta padres e conextes entre a entrada ¢ asada. O objetivo é aprender uma regrageral que mapeia enradas ara saidas.O process de treinamento continua até que o model ain © nivel desejado de pre 0.nos dados de treinamento, guns exemplos da vida real slo ‘+ Classitieagzo da imagem: Vocéteina com imagensStuls. Eno, no futuro, voot di uma nova imagem esperando que o computador reconheea 0 novo objeto, + Previsio de Mercad/Regrestio: Vocé icine 0 computador com dadoshistricos de mereadoe pede ao compultdor para prever o nove prego 20 fitaro Aprendizagem nio supervisionada: Nenum rtulo & dado ao algoritmo de aprendizagem, deixando-o sozinbo para encontrar estrutura em sua entrada, 1B usado para agrupar populagSes em diferentes grupos. A aprendizagem nio supervisionada pode ser um objetivo em si mesmo (descobrir padres ‘cults nos dado). + Clustering: Voce pede ao computador para separar dads semelhanes em clusters, sso &essencal na pesguita ena eignce + Visualizaso de alta dimensio: Use 0 computador para nos ajudar a visulizar dados de alt dimensio. ‘+ Modelos Gerativos: Depois que um modelo caprurar a distibuigdo de probabilidede de seus dados de entrada, ele seri paz de gear mais dads. Isso pode se muito Gil para tomar seu classficador mais robusto,a erat) co pode ver elarmente,o8 dads na apr a supervisionada sto rotulados, enquasto rotula + Aprendizagem semi-supervisionada: Problemes onde vocé tn ume grand hamados de rendizagem semsupervisonada, Esses problemas staan supervsionada, Por exemplo, um arquivo de fotos onde apenas algumas das ina rotulad + Aprendizagem por reforso: Um programa de computador intra 1m ambiente dindmico ne (ome dirgir um veiculo ou jogar umn jogo mn adversti), © programa recebe feedback emState: s Ror | Actions: a 2. Dois casos de uso mais comuns de aprendizagem supervisionada sio + Classficasio: As enzadas so dividias em duns ou mais classes, ¢ we produzir um modelo que atribus entradas invisivie a um: supervisionada. Os modelos de elassificagdo podem sr eatoporizados em dois grupos: Clasificagdo Bina e lasifcagdo Multilasse. A filtrage pam & um exemplo de clasificaso binéra, onde ax entradas sio mensagens de e-mail (ou outras) cas classes so "spam" e “not spam + Regression: Its also supervised learaing problem, that predicts a numeric value and outputs are continuous rather than disrete. For example,‘An example of clasiication and regression on two diferent dataset Classification Regression 3. Most common Unsupervised learning are: (Clustering: Here, a set of inputs isto be divided into groups. Unlike in classification, the groups ae not known beforehand, making this typically an "unsupervised task. As you can see inthe example below, the given dataset points have been divided into groups identifiable by the colors red, green, and blue + Density estimation; The task i o find the distribution of inputs in some space Dimensionality reduction: It simplifies inputs by mapping thom nto a lowcr-dimensional space, Topic modeling es related problem, where & program ie given alist of human language documents snd is tasked to find out which documents c er similar topics. Cn the basis ofthese machine ning taske/problems, we have «numberof algorithms tht are used to accomplish these tasks, Some commonly uted machine learning algoritims are Linea Reg jon, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, SVM(Support veetor machines), Naive Bayes, KNN(K nearest neighbors) K-Means, Random Forest, et, Note: All these algorithms will be covered in upcoming article Terminologies of Machine Learning + Model A mode es specific representation lrmed from data by applying some machine leering algorithm. A model is also called » hypothesis,+ Feature A fetur is an individual measurable property of our date, Ase of numeric features can be conveniently described by a feature vestor. Feat 1 ce fed as input to the model. For example, inorder to predic frit, there may be fetures ike color, snl, taste, et. Note: Choosin informative, discriminating and independent features is crucial sep fore rithms, We generally employ feature extractor to extract the + Target (Label) A target variable or label isthe value to he predicted by our model. For the fruit example discussed inthe features section, the abel w ch set ofioput would be the name ofthe fit like apple, orange, bana, et + Training The ida isto give asc of inputs features) and its expected outpats(labele, so afer training, we will have a model (hypothesis) thet will te ap now data to one ofthe categories trined 0 + Prediction 0} wel is ready, it an be fed a set of inputs to which it 1 predicted output (label), But make sure if the machine performs well on unseen data then only we can say the machine perfor " shown below clears the above concept ° 3 to got started with machine learn 1, Define the Problem: Identity the problem you want to solve and determine if machine lenin can be used to solve Collect Data: Gather and clean the data that you wll use t tren your mods. The quality of your mode will depend onthe quality of your data 3. Buplore the Data: Use data visualization and statistical methods to understand the structure and relationships within your data uP ss the Data: Prepare the data for modeling by normalizing, transforming, and cleaning i 8 necessary.5. Split the Data: Dive the daa int training and test datasets o validate your model 6, Choose a Model: Select a machine leaning model that is appropriate for your problem and the data you have eolected 11. Train the Model Use the training data to ran the model, adjusting its parameters to ft the data as accurately as possible 8. Bvaluate the Model Use the est data to 0 9. Fine-tune the Model: Based on the results ofthe evaluation, fine-tune the model by adjusting its parameters and repeating the taining process until the desired level oF accuracy is achieved, 10. Deploy the Model: ntegrate the mode! into your ap uate the performance of the model nd determine ite sccuracy. tion or system, making it evaileble for use by others. 11, Monitor the Model: Continuously monitor the performance ofthe model to ensure that it continues to provide accurate results overtime Example Heres simple machine-Learing example in Python that demonstrates howto tran a model to predict the spocies of iris flowers based om thir sepl and petal measurements Python 4 load che necessary Libraries Amore pandas as 94 ‘from siearn.fodel_selection Smport train test split from sicieaen. sm Ampere Su 4 Lond she Sris cataset 4 = pdread_csv(‘deis.cs¥") 4 SpLis the data into features and Labels Xr dr{{"sepal length, "sepal widen", “pet y= ar(" species] | length", “petal_widtn'}) 4 Split the data into training and testing sets X.train, Xtest, yotrain, yiuese = train test split(K, y,
[email protected]
, random statent2) rodel = SCO)rodel fe (train, y_train) 4 Evaluate the model on the test gata ecuracy = nodel-score(X testy test) print('Test aceuracy:*, secursey) Presto do teste 0,966666566656665667 Artigos relacionados: + Desmistificando 0 Machine Learning *+ Aplisativos de Machine Learning Referén + htpsien. wikipedia. orgwik/Machine_ lemming + htpssleonardosraujosantosgitbooksiosrtificil-intelligenee! data-terminlogy-in-machine-Leaening + htpimachinelearningmasteryco Este blog &contibuigo por Nikhil Kumar. Se vooé gosta de GeoksforGcckse gostara de contibuit, voc também pode eserever um artigo usando review-teum@@gecksforgecks.org. Vea seu artigo aparecendo na pig principal do GeeksforGeeks € ‘write geeksforgecks org ou enviar seu artigo p jude outros Geeks. Por favor, esereva comentitios se Voet encontrar algo incoreo, ou voc€ quiser compartihsr mais informagies sobre o tipicodiseutido ‘tims suatizago 27 Fev, 2028 “ Leituras semelhantes4. Como um incante em aprencizado de maquina deve comegar no Kagale? 2. Suporte a mfguina vetonal em Macnine Lesmning 3. Maquina Vieual do Azure pare Machine Leaming 4. Modelo de Machine Learning com Maquina Teachable ‘5. Constripto de Modelo de Aprencizagem no Sckt eam : Uma Biblioteca de Aprencizado de Maquina Python 6. _nteligtncia ancl ve Machine Leaming vs De Leaming 7. Meta-Leaming em Machine Learning 8 Como comegar a aprender Machine Learning? 9. _Diferenga entre Inteligencia Arial vs Machine Leaming vs Deep Leaning 40. Necessidade de estruturas de dados e algrimos para Deep Leaming ¢ Machine Leaming Tutoriais relacionados 4. Tora de Visso Computacional 2. Cincia da Computagio e Programacdo para Crancas 3. Pandas Al: A Biblioteca Python de A Geratva 4. Princpsis Proetos de Vis \Competacional (2028)5 Deep Learning Tutorial
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