Scribd
Upload
47 views9 pages

Descriptive & Inferential Statistics

1. Descriptive statistics are used to present, simplify, and summarize data through graphs, charts, and statistical measures like mean, median, and mode. This helps provide clearer presentation and easier communication of data. 2. Data can come from census studies of entire populations or samples of populations. Statistics describe samples, while parameters describe populations. Inferential statistics allow conclusions about populations to be drawn from sample data. 3. Inferential statistics techniques tell us how confident we can be when generalizing from a sample to a population through estimating population parameters from sample statistics.

Uploaded by

Jennifer Vaganza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
47 views9 pages

Descriptive & Inferential Statistics

1. Descriptive statistics are used to present, simplify, and summarize data through graphs, charts, and statistical measures like mean, median, and mode. This helps provide clearer presentation and easier communication of data. 2. Data can come from census studies of entire populations or samples of populations. Statistics describe samples, while parameters describe populations. Inferential statistics allow conclusions about populations to be drawn from sample data. 3. Inferential statistics techniques tell us how confident we can be when generalizing from a sample to a population through estimating population parameters from sample statistics.

Uploaded by

Jennifer Vaganza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

18/03/2022

Introduction to Statistics

We use descriptive statistics to “describe” a set of


data. To “describe” here means to present, simplify
and summarize (often large quantities of) data.
2

1
18/03/2022

To present and to summarize can be in the forms of:


- visuals: graphs and charts
- statistical measures: mean, median, mode, variance,
range, SD
3

Data are organized and summarized


for clearer presentation and for the
ease of communications

2
18/03/2022

Data may come from studies of populations (often called a census


study) or samples.
Population = parameter
Sample = statistic
Often, either called statistic

Inferential Statistics allows us to draw


conclusions and/or make decisions concerning a
population based only on sample data.
6

3
18/03/2022

To generalize or predict how a large group


(population) will behave based upon information
taken from a part of the group (sample), in other
words to make an INFERENCE.

Techniques which tell us how much confidence


we have when we GENERALIZE from a
sample to a population.

4
18/03/2022

Sample statistics Population parameters


(known) Inference (unknown, but can
be estimated from
sample evidence)

Sample
Population

Estimators

Population Parameter Sample Statistic

Mean – μ Mean - x

Variance – σ2 Variance - s2

Standard Deviation - σ Standard Deviation – s

10

5
18/03/2022

Parametric & Non-Parametric


Tests

Introduction to Statistics

11

The difference between


In statistics, the
the two tests lies on
analyses are further
several basic
categorized into
assumptions.
whether a test is
parametric or non-
parametric. Parametric tests are
regarded to be more
robust than the non-
parametric.

12

6
18/03/2022

#1. Normally Distributed Data

13

#2. Homogeinity of Variance

14

7
18/03/2022

#3. Interval Data

15

#4. Independence

16

8
18/03/2022

Non-Parametric tests
When the assumptions do not rely on the
of parametric tests are restrictive assumption
violated, non- of parametric tests.
parametric tests
become appropriate to
use.

17

You might also like