Jon Danao

Who is Jon Danao?

• 30-something jack-of-all-trades developer
• Head of Development for
Digital Brand Management @ ABS-CBN
• Ex Rock Star
• Award Winner (CMMA - Best Website 2001)
• Award Winner (Yahoo! Open Hack Day -
Best Social Hack 2009)
 Who is Jon Danao?
• Speak several languages: English, Filipino,
Cebuano, Chavacano, HTML, ActionScript,
Java, PHP, SQL, Lua, Javascript, Objective-C
and Python
• Run a blog at danao.org
• Run another blog at silkroutes.com
• Email me at [email protected]
 Who are you?
• Students?
• Teachers?
• Professional Developers?
• Managers?
• C/C++?
• PHP / ASP.NET / Ruby / Java?
• PYTHON???
 Outline
1. Introduction
2. The Project
3. Dev Machine
4. Flow
5. Dive into Django
Introduction
 What is Django?
• Shiny Python web framework
• Encourages RAD and clean design
• Enforces MVC
• Focuses on automation and DRY
• Like Ruby on Rails, Code Igniter (PHP),
ASP.NET MVC
Why do I ♥ Django?
Philosophies
 Philosophies
• Loose coupling = Flexibility
• KISS = Clarity
• RAD = Agility
• DRY = Reusability
• Consistency = Predictability
• “For perfectionists with deadlines”
Who uses Django?
Who uses Django?
• All Mozilla sites are
now built with Django
• Firefox add-ons site:
- 150M views/month
- 500M API hits/day
Who uses Django?
• 25k requests/sec
• 700k websites
• 20M page views/day
• 30M profiles
• 170M comments
• 500M unique visitors
Who uses Django?
• 3M users
• 18M visitors/month
• 80M objects in S3
• 500M pins
• 2.5B page views/month
• 1.6B follower rows
Who uses Django?
• 90M monthly active users
• 40M photo uploads/day
• 8500 likes/second
• 1000 comments/second
• 1B push notifications
• $1B
The Surf Magazine
Project
UI Design
 URL Design
website.com/

website.com/category/
website.com/category/id/article-slug/

website.com/api/category.json
website.com/api/category/id.json
 URL Examples
website.com/

website.com/sports/
website.com/sports/123/ufc-champion/

website.com/api/sports.json
website.com/api/sports/123.json
URL Design
 Dev Machine
1. Python
http://www.python.org/getit

2. Pip
sudo easy_install pip

3. VirtualEnv
sudo pip install virtualenv

4. Git
http://git-scm.com/downloads

5. SQLite Manager (optional)

 Flow
Concept

Hands-on Walkthrough
 Code of Conduct

• Be welcoming, friendly and patient

• Be considerate
• Be respectful
• Be careful in the words that you choose
• Be constructive than destructive
speakup.io/coc.html & djangoproject.com/conduct
Dive into Django
 Pip
• Python CLI package management system
• Easy to install a package
$ pip install package-name

• Easy to uninstall a package

$ pip uninstall package-name

• Easy to list all installed packages

$ pip freeze > requirements.txt

• Easy to install package list

$ pip install -r requirements.txt
 Git
• DVCS or SCM
• Developed by Linus Torvalds
• Fast, simple, non-linear, work offline
• Practice:
$ git init
http://www.atlassian.com/git/
$ git status
$ git add
$ git commit
 VirtualEnv

• Creates isolated Python environments

• Dependencies between projects don’t mix
• Like having multiple XAMPP installations
 VirtualEnv
python.ph pycon.ph

python 2.7 python 3.3

django 1.4 django 1.5

mysql-python 1.2.3 pymysql 0.5

(python-env) (pycon-env)
Walkthrough 1
 Project

• Project is a collection of apps and site

configurations
• Can be created via command line
• Auto-generates some code - init, settings,
urls, wsgi
Walkthrough 2
 Database

• No point of using Django if site is static

• Support for PostgreSQL, SQLite3, MySQL,
Oracle
• GIS works really well with PostgreSQL
Walkthrough 3
Project Structure
website.com
!"" apps
!"" db
!"" media
!"" project
# !"" __init__.py
# !"" settings.py
# !"" urls.py
# $"" wsgi.py
!"" static
!"" templates
!"" venv
!"" .gitignore
!"" manage.py
!"" README.md
$"" requirements.txt
 Settings

• Handling file paths is difficult

• Root of your machine != root of server
• Hardcoding paths is bad
• Configure all necessary options
Walkthrough 4
 Best Practice
Always pip freeze after installing new packages
 Admin Site

• Automatic creation of admin interfaces for

models
• Pseudo CMS for CRUD operations
• Models can opt to hook into the admin site
 Philosophy
Writing admin interfaces is boring and repetitive.
Walkthrough 5
 Best Practice
Always syncdb after activating new apps
MVC
 Model

• Class that represents objects in db

• Defines structure of data
• Class = Table / Property = Column
• Talks to the ORM that talks to the db
• ORM eliminates writing of SQL
 Example

• Article as our model

• It has properties like title, category, author,
content, tags, published date
• This will be translated into a db table
 Philosophy
Explicit is better than implicit.
 Template

• Renders HTML
• Uses custom pseudo programming syntax
• Very designer friendly
 Philosophies
Discourage redundancy.
Be decoupled from HTML.
XML should not be used a template language.
 View

• Handles request passed on via the

URLConf
• Gets data from the model and hands them
over to the template for rendering
• Determines WHAT data the user should
see, not HOW data should be rendered
Philosophies
Simplicity.
Loose coupling.
 App
• Small library designed to represent a single aspect
of a project (module/package/app)
• A piece of functionality like articles, comments,
ratings, products, polls, events
• App = Django / Module = Python
• A project can have multiple apps. An app can be in
multiple projects.
• In Python, to convert a folder into module, just add
__init__.py
 Philosophies
Write programs that do one thing and do it well.
If an app can’t be explained in a single sentence,
it should be broken up.
Should be reusable, pluggable, distributable.
Walkthrough 6
 Best Practices
Your app’s name should be the
plural version of its main model
Keep apps small, maximum of 5 models
 Admin.py

• Create admin.py inside app folder if

you want to your models to appear in
admin site
• Register the models you want to be
editable
Walkthrough 7
Django Flow
 Django Flow
Client 1 Client requests a page via a URL

Django checks URLConf for URL

1 2 patterns and executes view
function to handle request

3 View requests data from model

URL 7
Model queries the database and
4
returns data to the view
2
5 View passes the data to template

View Template renders data and

6
returns HTML to the view
3 6
View returns HTML to the
7
browser
4 5

Model Tpl
 URLConf
• Hooks a particular URL pattern to a view
function
• Uses regex for maximum flexibility
• Table of contents for site or app
urlpatterns = patterns('',
url(r'^articles/(\d{4})/$', 'news.views.year_archive'),
url(r'^articles/(\d{4})/(\d{2})/$', 'news.views.month_archive'),
url(r'^articles/(\d{4})/(\d{2})/(\d+)/$', 'news.views.article_detail'),
)
Philosophies
Loose coupling.
Infinite flexibility.
Definite URLs.
Walkthrough 8
 Querying the Model
• Retrieve all objects (aka SELECT *)
all_articles = Article.objects.all()

• Retrieve specific objects with filters (aka

WHERE clause)
draft_articles = Article.objects.filter(status=1)
published_articles = Article.objects.exclude(status=1)

• Chaining filters (aka AND operator in where)

latest_paquiao_articles =
Article.objects.
filter(status=1).
exclude(title=‘Manny Villar Wins!’)
 Querying the Model

• Limiting and offsetting results

articles = Article.objects.all()[:5]
articles = Article.objects.all()[5:10]

• Sorting objects
articles = Article.objects.all().order_by(‘title’)
articles = Article.objects.all().order_by(‘-title’)

• Retrieving single object

article = Article.objects.get(id=1)
 Dunder Methods

• __init__, __file__, __unicode__

• Pythonic, common and idiomatic methods

• Used as field lookups in , ,
filter() exclude() get()

• Extremely powerful and intuitive

 Field Lookups
• Basic model lookups
syntax: field__lookuptype = value

Article.objects.filter(title__exact=‘Django is my Pony’)
Article.objects.filter(title=‘Django is my Pony’)
Article.objects.filter(title__contains=‘Python’)
Article.objects.filter(title__startswith=‘Django’)
Article.objects.filter(pub_date__gte=‘2013-02-01’)

• Model relationship lookups

syntax: field__foreignfield__lookuptype = value

Article.objects.filter(category__slug__contains=‘global’)
Walkthrough 9
 Template Engine
• Renders HTML, CSV, JSON, XML... any text format,
just specify content-type
• Uses basic programming constructs
• Call function or do logic:
{% ... %}
• Print variable:
{{ foo }}
• Filters:
{{ foo|bar }}
Walkthrough 10
 Template Engine
• {% load %} - loads custom template tag

• {% block %} - defines a block that can be overridden by

child templates. Blocks are placeholders
• {% extends %} - inherits from a parent or base template
aka Template Inheritance
• includes vs extends:
• extends is the “inside-out” version of server-side includes
• includes: define sections that are common
• extends: define sections that are unique
Includes: define sections that are common
Header

Content

Footer

Extends: define sections that are unique

Header

Content

Footer
Walkthrough 11
 Recap
• What is Django?
• What is MTV?
• What is Loose Coupling?
• What is KISS?
• What is RAD?
• What is DRY?
 Recap
• What is the advantage of using VirtualEnv?
• After installing a new package, what do you do
next?
• What is an app?
• How do you create a Python module?
• After activating new apps in settings, what do
you do next?
 Recap
• What is the Admin site?
• What do you do if you want your models to
appear in the Admin site?
• Write a query that gets 5 articles by a certain
author and sort them alphabetically.
• What is the use of dunder methods in queries?
• What is template inheritance?
Maraming Salamat!
 Bonus: Deploy to
Heroku
• Heroku is PaaS on top of AWS (IaaS)
• Installs necessary dependencies by reading the
requirements.txt
• In Procfile we declare our manage.py
runserver command
• Easy deployment using git push!
Walkthrough 12