Biomedical Admissions Test

(BMAT)

Section 2: Mathematics
Questions by Topic

M3: Ratio and Proportion

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 M3: Ratio and Proportion - Questions by Topic
Mark scheme and explanations at the end

1 A professional golfer buys a golf putter for £24.00. Eight months later he sells it
to his daughter for £16.00.

What is his percentage loss?

A 5%
B 25%
C 33%
D 50%
E 75%

2 A bank increased the rate of simple interest from 3.5% to 4% per annum. Sarah
deposited £5200 in the bank for 6 months at the new interest rate.

Find out how much more interest Sarah would receive than if she has deposited the
money before the interest rate changed.

A £104
B £91
C £208
D £26
E £13

3 Beatrice lent Eugene £4800 for 7 months. At the end of this period, Eugene had to pay
Beatrice £119 as interest.

What was the rate of simple interest per annum?

A 0.354%
B 0.00354%
C 4.25%
D 0.0425%
E 0.17%

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4 Joanne invests £5000 at 2% rate of return compounded annually.

Find the total interest earned after 2 years.

A £5202
B £100
C £5100
D £202
E £200

5 A developer is planning to build residential properties on a plot of land. His map is drawn
to a scale of 1:160000. The area of the plot of land on the map is 10 cm2.

Calculate the real area of the plot of land, in square kilometres.

A 256000
B 2560
C 2.56
D 256
E 25.6

6 Fiona just bought a motorbike for £8500. The bike depreciates by 40% each
year.

How much will the bike be worth in 3 years time?

A -£1700
B £544
C £1101.60
D £1836
E £3050.60

7 𝐵 varies with the cube of 𝐴. When 𝐵 = 12, 𝐴 = 4.

81
Find the value of 𝐴 when 𝐵 = 16

A 3
27
B 16
64
C 16
3
D 16

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 E 27
8 The time T in seconds it takes to boil water in a water tank is inversely proportional to
the square root of the power P in watts (w) supplied to the water tank. When the power
is 4 kilowatts, it takes 6 seconds to boil the water. Find the time taken to boil the water
when the power is 2500 watts.

6
A 25

B 30 5
12
C 5
10
23
D 7
13
E 7

9 Sam earned a gross total of £2460 last month from hiring out 3 different sized
hoverboards to the public. Each board was hired out once only. From this, he (then) had
to pay maintenance: he paid 10% of the cost of hire from the 1 person hoverboard, 20%
of the cost of hire from the 2 person hoverboard, 30% of the cost of hire from the 3
person hoverboard. The 3 person hoverboard costs twice as much to hire as the 1
person hoverboard.

Given that the total cost of maintenance was £540, calculate the cost of hire for each
hoverboard.

10 A sum of money was divided between Raj, Emme and John in the ratio 2:3:5. Emme’s
share was £13.50. What was the total sum of money?

A £45
B £67.50
C £27

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 D £40.50
E £90

11 Alexander mixes 800 g of cement with 2.8 kg of sand.

Express the ratio of cement to sand in its simplest form.

A 20:7
B 2000:7
C 1:3.5
D 7:2
E 2:7

12 David bought some stamps for his collection. He bought them for £52 and sold them
years later for £65.

Find the percentage increase in value.

A 25 %
B 13 %
C 125 %
D 20 %
E 26 %

13 Tobias mixes together 300 g of material A and 75 g of material B.

Material A has a density of 20 g/cm 3

Material Y has a density of 15 g/cm3

What is the density of the compound material?

A 19 g/cm3
B 18 g/cm3
C 18.5 g/cm3
D 19.5 g/cm3
E 17 g/cm3

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14 Isabella collected money for four different charities. The total amount collected was
divided amongst the four charities, A, B,C and D, in the ratio

1 3 1
1: 3
: 5
: 4
.

Charity C received £36.

How much money did Isabella collect in total?

A £144.00
B £131.00
C £147.00
D £114.40
E £134.00

15 A circular pizza fits exactly into a square pizza box, as shown in the diagram
below.

The diagonal of the box measures 6 2 𝑐𝑚 long.

Express the area of the shaded regions as a fraction of the total box area.

1−π
A
36
B 1− π

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 12−π
C 12
4−π
D
4
1−π
E
4
16 Alan and Heidi share some money in ratio 2 : 7. Heidi gets £28 more than
Alan. How much does Alan receive?

A £11.20
B £39.20
C £50.40
D £5.60
E £8.00

17 The angles in a triangle are in the ratio 1 : 3 : 8.

What is the size of the largest angle?

A 115o
B 144o
C 120o
D 160o
E Not enough information

2
18 Suppose 𝑦 is inversely proportional to 𝑥 , where 𝑥 < 0 . When 𝑥 =− 4, it is
given that 𝑦 = 3.
Calculate the value of 𝑥 when 𝑦 = 8.

A 𝑥=6
B 𝑥= 6
−8 6
C 𝑥 = 3

D 𝑥 =− 6
−8 6
E 𝑥 = 3

19 On Taylor’s 12th birthday, he was 162 cm in height, having grown 8% since

the year before.

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 How tall was Taylor on his 11th birthday?

A 154 cm
B 150 cm
C 149 cm
D 158 cm
E 147 cm

20 The price of a laptop is reduced by 10%. In a sale, the new price is reduced by
a further 10%.

By what percentage has the original price of the laptop been reduced in this
sale?

A 20%
B 18%
C 19%
D 15%
E 17.5%

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 Solutions

1 C is the answer

'𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒'
Percentage change (%) = x 100
𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙

Calculate the change, i.e. the loss the golfer has made:

change = £24.00 - £16.00 = £8.00

Calculate the percentage loss:

'𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠' 8
𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙
x 100 = 24
x 100 = 33%

D is incorrect because it divides the “change” by the new price rather than the original.

2 E is the answer

The question is asking for the additional interest Sarah will receive, so we have to
calculate the change in interest.

Although the interest rate is given per annum, the time period the question is looking for
6 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑠 1
is 6 months. The value to be substituted in for time would then be 12 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑠
= 2
instead.

Interest at initial rate of 3.5% per annum

1
5200(3.5)( 2 )
= 100
= £91
Interest at new rate of 4% per annum
1
5200(4)( 2 )
= 100
= £104
Additional interest sarah will receive:
= 104−91
= £13

A is incorrect because it is the total sum that would be in her bank account after 6
months at the 4% rate.
B is incorrect because it is the total sum that would be in her bank account after 6
months at the 3.5% rate.

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 C is incorrect because it is the total sum that would be in her bank account after 1 year
at the 4% rate.

3 C is the answer

Let R be the rate of simple interest per annum.

𝑥0𝑅𝑇
Using interest = 100 ,
7
4800(𝑅)( 12 )
119 =
100

Rearrange to make R the subject:

7
4800( 12 )
R = 119 ÷ 100
⇒ R = 119
÷ 28 ⇒ R = 4.25%

The calculations can be simplified as shown below:

Alternative method:
Interest for 7 months is £119. Therefore, interest for 1 year is: £119
12
× 7
=£204

As interest rate is a percentage of the initial value/deposit, the interest rate is

£204
£4800
×100%=0.0425×100%=4.25%

204 102 51 17
Simplify 4800 = 2400 = 1200 = 400

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 A is incorrect because it is the rate of simple interest per month.

D is incorrect because it is the correct value in decimal form, not percentage form. 4.25%
= 0.0425

4 D is the answer

Total interest earned after 2 years

2 2
= £5000(1 + 100
) −£5000
102 2
= £5000( 100
) −£5000
10404
= £5000( 10000 ) −£5000
5202
= £5000( 5000 ) −£5000
= £5202 −£5000
= £202

A is incorrect because it is the total amount after 2 years.

B is incorrect because it is the total simple interest after 1 year.

𝑃𝑅𝑇 5000(2)(1)
100
= 100
= 100

C is incorrect because it is the total amount after 1 year of simple interest.

E is incorrect because it is the total simple interest after 2 years.

𝑃𝑅𝑇 5000(2)(2)
100
= 100
= 200

5 E is the answer

The given scale is 1:160000. This means that 1 unit on the map
is 160000 units in real-life size.

Therefore: 1 cm : 160000 cm ⇒ 1 cm : 1600 m ⇒ 1 cm : 1.6 km

(Remember that 1 m=100 cm and 1 km=1000 m)

The question is looking at an area which requires the ratio to be squared.

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 1 cm : 1.6 km ⇒1 cm2 : 2.56 km2

The question is looking for the real area of a plot of land given that the area of the plot of
land drawn on the map is 10 cm2.

1 cm2 : 2.56 km2 ⇒ 10 cm2 : 25.6 km2

A is incorrect because the units were converted incorrectly: 1 km=1000 cm was used
instead of 1 km=100000 cm:
1 cm : 160000 cm⇒1 cm : 160 km (wrong conversion)
1 cm : 160 km⇒1cm2 : 25600 km2 ⇒ 10 cm2 : 256000 km2

C is incorrect.
1 : 160000 ⇒1 cm : 1.6 km⇒1 cm2 : 2.56 km2
The answer option of 2.56 will be obtained if working is stopped here and the ratio is not
scaled up to 10 cm2.

D is incorrect because the operations were performed in the wrong order. The units were
multiplied by 10 before incorrectly squaring only the kilometre value:
1 cm : 160000 cm⇒1 cm : 1.6 km
1 cm : 1.6 km⇒10 cm : 16 km
Final incorrect conversion as the same operation has not been applied to both sides:
⇒10 cm2 : 256 km2

6 D is the answer

N=N0(1+r/100)n

where N= Amount in n days/years

N0 = Initial amount
n = Number of days/years
r/100= % change per day/year

This is the formula for compound growth and decay. You must know this formula to
answer this type of question. It is important to note that if the percentage change is a
decrease, it’ll be N=N0(1-r/100)n

N = £8500 (1-40/100)3
N = £8500 (1-0.4)3
= £8500 (0.6)3

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 To calculate (0.6)3 break it into stages. First calculate 0.6 x 0.6 and then multiply the
answer by 0.6 again.

Exam Tip - To multiply decimals, ignore the decimal points and multiply the
numbers as if they are whole numbers. You then add the decimal point back
into the answer by starting at the right and moving the point the number of
places equal to the sum of the decimal places in the numbers multiplied.

(0.6)3 = 0.36 x 0.6 = 0.216

N = £8500 x 0.216
N = £1836

A is incorrect. This answer has been reached by calculating the simple decay, not
compound decay. Compound decay must be calculated since the question says the bike
depreciates in value by 40% each year.
B is incorrect. This answer has been reached by calculating 40% of £8500 in year 1 to
reach £3400, followed by 40% of £3400 to reach £1360 in year 2 followed by 40% of
£1360 in year 3 to reach £544. This is incorrect because it is simply working out how
much the value of the 40% depreciation is, NOT the value of the bike itself following the
depreciation.

7 A is the answer

The key to solving this question is to be able to identify that “𝐵 varies with the
cube of 𝐴” is another way of saying “𝐵 is directly proportional to the cube of
𝐴”. This then becomes a proportion question.

Convert the sentence given in the question into

3
a statement of proportionality:
𝐵α𝐴

Replace α with ‘=k’ to form an equation. ‘k’ represents an unknown

constant. Since this question refers to direct proportion, the generic
equation is 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥. If this question was about inverse proportion the
𝑘
generic equation would be 𝑦 = 𝑥
3
𝐵 = 𝑘𝐴

Use the given values of 𝐵 and 𝐴 (12 𝑎𝑛𝑑 4)to find 𝑘:

3 12 3
12 = 𝑘4 ⇒12 = 64𝑘 ⇒𝑘 = 64
⇒𝑘 = 16

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 3 3
Put the value of 𝑘 back into the equation: 𝐵= 16
𝐴

81
Use the equation to find the value of 𝐴when 𝐵 = 16

81 3 3 3
16
= 16
𝐴 ⇒27 = 𝐴 ⇒𝐴 = 3

Exam Tip - The phrase "varies with" is a phrase you need to know refers to
direct proportionality and the equation it corresponds to.
8 C is the answer

This is an inverse proportion question.

1
Convert the information given in the question into a proportionality: 𝑇α
𝑃

Replace α with ‘= 𝑘' to form an equation. ‘𝑘' represents an unknown constant.

Because this question refers to inverse direct proportion the generic equation is:

𝑘
𝑦= 𝑥

If this question was about direct proportion the generic equation would be 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥.

𝑘
𝑇 =
𝑃

Use the given values of 𝑇 and 𝑃(6 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 4 𝑘𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠)to find 𝑘. You must identify
that the power P is measured in watts in the equation, yet the value is provided to you
in kilowatts. Before substituting the values for 𝑇 and 𝑃 into the equation, convert 4
kilowatts into watts.
4𝑘𝑤 = 4000𝑤

𝑘 𝑘 𝑘
6= ⇒6 = ⇒6 = ⇒𝑘 = 120 10
4000 400 𝑥 10 20 10

You are not expected to know the square root of 4000. However you should be able to
manipulate surds to simplify the surd down to 20 10. Simplifying 4000 to 20 10 will
make the rest of the calculation easier for you.

120 10
Put the value of 𝑘 back into the equation: 𝑇 =
𝑃

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 Use the equation to find the value of 𝑇when 𝑃 = 2500 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠
120 10 120 10 120 10 120 10
𝑇 = ⇒ 𝑇 = ⇒ 𝑇 = 5𝑥10
⇒ 𝑇 = 50
2500 25𝑥 100

12
Simplifying this gives: 𝑇 = 5
10

A is incorrect because the power of 4 kilowatts has not been converted into watts.
The 4 has been used to work out the value of 𝑘 instead of 4000 as required.

B is incorrect because the equation has been set up for direct proportion i.e 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥
when this question is about inverse proportion.
9 C is the answer

Let x, y, and z represent the cost of hire for the 1 person, 2 person and 3 person
hoverboards, respectively. Three different equations can now be written:
● One equation for the cost of hire
● One equation for the maintenance cost
● One equation for the statement that the 3 person hoverboard costs twice as
much as the 1 person hoverboard

𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 2460 (1)
0. 1𝑥 + 0. 2𝑦 + 0. 3𝑧 = 540 (2)
𝑧 = 2𝑥 (3)

Equation (2) shows the % of the cost of hire of each hoverboard that has been paid
towards maintenance, to reach the total maintenance cost of £540.

Now we need to solve the above equations to find values for x and y. You can make this
question slightly easier for yourself by realising that equation (3) is a very easy one to
work with, making z the easiest to eliminate.

Substitute z =2x into equations (1) and (2) to eliminate z.

𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑥 = 2460
⇒3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2460 (4)
0. 1𝑥 + 0. 2𝑦 + 0. 3(2𝑥) = 540 ⇒ 0. 7𝑥 + 0. 2𝑦 = 540 (5)

Now we need to solve equations (4) and (5) simultaneously. There are multiple ways to
do this. We have outlined two possible methods below:

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 Method 1 Method 2

Rearrange (4): 𝑦 = 2460 − 3𝑥 Multiply both sides of equation (5) by 5 so

you can subtract equation (4) from it:
Substitute (4) into (5):
0. 7𝑥 + 0. 2𝑦 = 540
0. 7𝑥 + 0. 2(2460 − 3𝑥) = 540 ⇒3. 5𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2700 (6)
⇒0. 7𝑥 + 492 − 0. 6𝑥 = 540
⇒ 0. 1𝑥 = 48 ⇒ 𝑥 = 480 Calculate (6)-(4):
Substitute 𝑥 = 480 into the equation 3. 5𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2700
𝑦 = 2460 − 3𝑥to find y: - 3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2460
𝑦 = 2460 − 3(480) ⇒0. 5𝑥 = 240 ⇒𝑥 = 480
𝑦 = 2460 − 1440 𝑧 = 2(480) = 960
𝑦 = 1020
Rearrange equation (1):
Finally, find the value of z by substituting
the value for x into 𝑧 = 2𝑥: 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 2460 ⇒
𝑦 = 2460 − 𝑥 − 𝑧 = 2460 − 960 −
𝑧 = 2(480)⇒𝑧 = 960 = 1020
⇒𝑥 = 480, 𝑦 = 1020, 𝑧 = 960(C) ⇒𝑥 = 480, 𝑦 = 1020, 𝑧 = 960(C)

Exam Tip - There are many ways to arrive at the correct answer. Even if you
cannot recall a formula, stay calm, reread the question, think about what the
question is telling and how you could work step by step to get to the answer.

10 A is the answer

Let 𝑥be the total sum of money.

Then dividing Emme’s share by the total share, there exists the following relationship:

3
2+3+5
(𝑥) = 13. 50
3
10
(𝑥) = 13. 50
10
𝑥 = 13. 50 × 3
= 45

An alternative method is simply recognising that Emme’s share is 3 ‘parts’. Divide

£13.50 by 3 to get the value of 1 ‘part’ as £4.50. As there is a total of 10 ‘parts’, the total
sum of money is £4.50×10=£45.

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 2
B is incorrect because it uses the wrong ratio, taking Emme’s share to be 10 instead.
5
C is incorrect because it uses the wrong ratio, taking Emme’s share to be 10 instead.

11 E is the answer

Write down the ratio of cement to sand with their respective units:

Cement : Sand
800 g : 2.8 kg

Convert the ratio into one with common units. You can choose to make the common
unit g or kg:
800 g : 2800 g

Simplify the ratio:

800 g : 2800 g

⇒8 : 28
⇒2 : 7

A is incorrect because the units were converted wrongly. 2.8 kg was converted to 280 g
instead. Remember that 1 kg = 1000 g!
B is incorrect because the units were not converted into common units. This results in
the incorrect initial ratio to begin with.
C is incorrect because the ratio is not in its simplest form. The simplest form of a ratio
must not involve fractions or decimals.
D is incorrect because it is the ratio of sand to cement instead.

12 A is the answer

As the question is asking for the percentage increase in value, we first need to find the
change in value.

Identify the ‘original value’ and its units:

‘Original value’ = £52

Identify the ‘final value’ and its units. Change to have the same units as ‘original value’
if necessary.
‘Final value’ = £65

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 The question is looking for the ‘percentage increase’:

𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 '𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒'−'𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒'

% 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 = '𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒'
× 100%= '𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒'
× 100%

£(65−52)
⇒ % 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 = £52
× 100%

13
⇒ % 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 52
× 100%

1
⇒ % 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 4
× 100% =25%

B is incorrect because it simply takes the change in value as the percentage change.
𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
C is incorrect because it uses 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 x 100%.
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒
D is incorrect because it uses 𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
x 100%.
E is incorrect.

Exam Tip - You need to be able to easily recall the equation for
percentage change!

'𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒'−'𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒'

% 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = '𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒'
× 100%

13 A is the answer

Let X denote the compound material.

Calculate the total mass of the compound material X:

𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑋 = 300 + 75 = 375 𝑔

Calculate the density of material X by multiplying each given density by the proportion
of that material which is within the compound material:

𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑋 = (𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝐴 𝑖𝑛 𝑋 × 20) + (𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝐵 𝑖𝑛 𝑋 × 15)

300 75
⇒ 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑋 = ( 375 × 20) + ( 375

6000 1125
⇒ 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑋 = ( 375
) + ( 375
)

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 7125
⇒ 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑋 = 375

3
⇒ 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑋 = 19 𝑔/𝑐𝑚

Therefore, the compound material X has density 19 g/cm3.

B is incorrect
C is incorrect
D is incorrect
E is incorrect

14 B is the answer

Charity C received £36. Divide this value by the ratio value for charity C:

3 5
36 ÷ 5
= 36 × 3
= 60

3
Therefore, as 5 units represents £36, we have found that 1 unit represents £60.

Calculate the sum of values in the ratio:

1 3 1 60 20 36 15 131
1+ 3
+ 5
+ 4
= 60
+ 60
+ 60
+ 60
= 60

131
Thus, there are 60
units in the ratio in total. Multiply this value by the value for one unit
to calculate the total amount raised for charity:

131
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑑 = 60
× 60 = 131

Therefore, Isabella raised £131 for charity.

A is incorrect
C is incorrect
D is incorrect
E is incorrect

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15 D is the answer

The aim of this question is to work out the grey shaded area and express it as a fraction of the
total area of the square box. To find this, we must work out the:

2
● area of square box (𝐴 = 𝑎 )
2
● area of circle (𝐴 = π𝑟 )
● grey shaded area (area of square box - area of circle)

But to work out any of these areas, we must first find the length of the square (denote this 𝑎)
and we do this as follows:

2𝑎 = 𝑑 (where 𝑑 is the diagonal length)

⇒ 2𝑎 = 6 2 ⇒ 𝑎 = 6𝑐𝑚.

Then we can work out our areas:

2 2
Square: 𝐴 = 𝑎 = 6 * 6 = 36𝑐𝑚

2 6 2
Circle: 𝐴 = π𝑟 = ( 2 ) π = 9π

Grey shaded area: 𝐴 = 36 − 9π

Now, all that’s left to do is work out the area of the grey shaded regions as a fraction of the total
box area, which is

36−9π π 4−π
𝐴 = 36
= 1− 4
= 4

Therefore, we conclude that the area of the shaded regions as a fraction of the total box area
4−π
will be
4
, hence the correct answer is D.

16 A is the answer

Here, we use trial and error, along with our knowledge of ratios to come to the correct answer.

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Alan and Heidi share some money in ratio 2 : 7, which means that for every £2 that Alan has,
Heidi will have £7.

7
This means that if Alan has £𝑥 then Heidi will have £ 2 𝑥. So, we can set up the following table,
7
and multiple each multiple choice option by 2 and then see if there is a £28 different between
7
£𝑥 and £ 2
𝑥.

Alan’s Amount ( £𝑥)(£) Heidi’s Amount ( £

7
𝑥) (£) Difference (£)
2

11.20 39.20 28

39.20 137.20 98

50.40 176.40 126

5.60 19.60 14

8.00 28 20

Therefore, we conclude that the correct answer is A.

17 C is the answer

Here, we are given the ratio of three angles in a triangle. We know that the three angles in a
triangle must add up to180°.

Therefore, we can add the numbers given in the ratio, and divide this number by 180.

180
Therefore, 8 + 3 + 1 = 12, and 12 = 15. Therefore each ratio of one is worth 15°.

We can then work out the size of each angle as follows:

1 * 15 = 15° and 3 * 15 = 45° and

8 * 15 = 120°.

Therefore, the largest angle in the triangle is 120°and C is the correct answer.

Note that, we can check if our logic is correct, and add these three angles. We expect them to
add to 180°, and they do since 120° + 45° + 15° = 180°.

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18 D is the answer

1 𝑘
We know that 𝑦 is proportional to 2 , and we can write this as 𝑦 = 2 where 𝑘 is a proportional
𝑥 𝑥
constant.

The next step will be to work out our 𝑘 value using the information we are given, before going
onto answer the question.

When 𝑥 =− 4 and 𝑦 = 3, we have that

𝑘 𝑘
3= 2 = 16
(−4)

⇒ 𝑘 = 48.

Now that we have solved for 𝑘, we can work out what the value of 𝑥 will be when 𝑦 = 8.

48 2 2 48
𝑦= 2 ⇒ 8𝑥 = 48 ⇒ 𝑥 = 8
⇒ 𝑥 =+ / − 6.
𝑥
Since we were told x<0 x=− 6.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

19 B is the answer

Here, we are given the height of Taylor, and the percentage that their height has increased in a
year, and we want to carry out a reverse percentage calculation, to work out their height one
year ago. We can do this using the following formula:

𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 = 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒/𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒

162
⇒ 𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 = 1.08
= 150

Therefore, we conclude that Taylor was 150cm tall on his 11th Birthday, and thus the correct
answer is B.

20 C is the answer

In this question, we are told the price of a laptop is reduced by 10%, and then the new price is
then reduced again by a further 10%.

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Let the laptop cost £100, then after the first price reduction, the laptop will cost
£100 * 0. 90 = £90.

The price of the laptop then reduces further, by 10%, from the new price (£90). This means that
the price of the laptop after the second reduction will be £90 * 0. 90 = £81.

Overall, the laptop has changed from £100 to £81, and we can work out the percentage change
81
by doing (1 − 100)
) * 100 = 19% .

Therefore, the laptop has reduced in price by 19%, hence C is the correct answer.

A is incorrect because it simply add the two 10%’s together, which is incorrect, as we must
take into account that the second 10% is a further reduction from the already reduced price.

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