MOSO, APPLE D.

LING 2

BSED- 1B

Prelim Activity

A. Instructions: Read the poem below aloud. Try to observe how each word in boldface sounds.
Then answer the questions that follow.

I take it you already know of tough and bough and cough and dough?
Some may stumble, but not you, on hiccough, thorough, slough, and through?
So now you are ready, perhaps, to learn of less familiar traps?
Beware of heard, a dreadful word, that looks like beard, but sounds like bird.
And dead, it's said like bed, not bead; for goodness' sake, don't call it deed!
Watch out for meat and great and threat. (They rhyme with suite and straight and debt.)
A moth is not a moth in mother, nor both in bother, broth in brother.
And here is not a match for there, nor dear and fear, for bear and pear.
And then there's dose and rose and lose - just look them up - and goose and choose
And cork and work and card and ward and font and front and word and sword
And do and go, then thwart and cart, come, come! I've hardly made a start.
A dreadful language? Why man alive! I've learned to talk it when I was five.
And yet to write it, the more I tried, I hadn't learned it at fifty-five.

- Author Unknown

1. Categorize the words that is in boldface in the poem according to its common vowel sound.

Short sounds

/e/-bed, debt, said

/æ/-straight, suite

/ʌ/-hiccough, cough, tough

/ʊ/-goose, dose, lose

/ɒ/-font, front
/ə/-ward, card, cart

Long Vowels Sounds

/i:/-bead, dead, meat, threat, here, great, beard, fear, bear, dear, pear, there, heard

/ɑ:/-mother, brother, bother

/ɔ:/-word, work, sword, cork, rose, thwart

/3:/-bird

/u:/-you, choose, moth, both, broth

Other Vowels Sounds

/ɪə/ -deed

/aʊ/-dough, do, know, go, through, thorough, slough

/ɑʊ/-bough

2. Identify the what word in the poem uses the following consonants below:

[b] -bough, brother, bother, both, broth, bed, beard, bird, bear
[m]-moth, mother, meat
[r]-rose
[t]-tough
[d]-dose,do, debt, dear, dead, deed
[f]-fear, font, front
[g]-goose, go, great
[ð]-there
[Ɵ]-through, thorough, thwart, threat

B. Discuss the following comprehensively.

–Phonetics is the study of human sounds and how they are produced. While Phonology is the
study of the function of speech sounds as part of the grammar of a language.

2. Differentiate the two main classification of speech sound.

–Vowels- 5 vowels letter in the alphabet and has 20 vowels sounds in English.

–Consonant- 21 consonant letters in the alphabet and has 24 consonant sound in English.

3.Why do we need to study the speech sound?

–We need to study speech sound because it plays a very important role in improving our
communication. All the alphabets and the words must sound correctly; else the content
as well as our communication will lack lustre and sound unimpressive

4.Relationship between the atoms of naturally occurring elements and the molecules of
compounds formed by their chemical union. Explain the nature of the similarity.

–The relationship between the atoms of naturally occuring elements and the molecules of
compounds formed by their chemical union just like the relationship between phonemes and
morphemes of a language.

The best analogy is phonemes themselves and molecules if articulatory movements are
likened to atoms, then phonemes can be produced by a certain limited set of
articulators coming together, like molecules. Morpheme formation is a production
potentially unbounded process while there are only so many possible molecules that
occur naturally.
 5.English has become the language of the world not only because it is the native or
official language of many millions of people, but for structural reasons as well. Explain
this assertion.

–One of the main reasons behind this is that the English language has a comparatively simple
grammar, as it has simpler plurals, a more straightforward verb conjugation, it is mostly gender-
neutral, as well as other factors. The English vocabulary is also easy to pick up. This adds to its
worldwide popularity.

C. Encircle the letter of your choice and then explain why you chose that answer.

_____1. How many different morphemes (not how many morphemes) are there in the
following sentence: “She cooks tasty soups and stews”? (A) 7 (B) 8 (C) 9 (D) 10. c

Explanation:1. For me it is 9 because “cook” is a one free morpheme “s” is another inflectional
morpheme “taste” is a free word morpheme “y” an attachment to the last word which is suffix
“soup” is also a free morpheme “s” is an inflectional “and” is a conjunction and it's part of
functional free morpheme lastly “stew” same as other it is a free morpheme and “s” is an
inflectional.

_____2. What is the total number of morphemes in the preceding sentence? (A) 7 (B) 8 (C) 9
(D) 10. d
Explanation:2.The total number of morphemes is 10 it is because “she” is a noun and it is a
morpheme also, it is because content morphemes include free morphemes that are nouns,
adverbs, adjectives, and verbs and include bound morphemes that are bound roots and
derivational affixes.
 _____3. The English word undesirable contains (A) one prefix. (B) one suffix. (C) two affixes. (D)
three affixes. (E) Two of the above choices apply. (F) Three of the above choices, A-D, apply. f

Explanation:3. An English word “undesirable” it has “two affixes”, un- is a prefix and -able is a
suffix and desire is a root word so it is only two affixes.

_____4. Which of the English words listed below has three morphemes? (A) manageable. (B)
negotiate. (C) prepared (D) interchangeable. (E) apocalypse d

Explanation:4. The word “interchangeable” has 3 morphemes “inter” is one word morpheme
that attached before the word or prefix “change” is a free word morpheme and lastly “able”
another word that is attached to the end of the word or suffix.

_____5. The sentence “Dogs bite thieves” contains (A) three free morphemes. (B) one bound
morpheme. (C) two bound morphemes. (D) Only one of the three choices above applies. (E)
Two of the three choices above, A–C, apply. E

Explanation:5. Two bound morphemes, it shows that “Dogs” is a plural form of noun and it is a
bound morpheme because of adding “-s” and “thieves” is also a plural form of noun “thief” is a
singular form and the “f” change to “v” and adding “-es” to become a plural form and it is a
bound morpheme.
D. Provide 3 examples for each of the 12 word formation process mentioned in the Explain
section. Make sure that the examples you’re going to list are not yet mentioned in this lesson.

Word formation Process Examples

2.UST-University of Santo Tomas

3.DepEd-Department of Education

Analogy 1.Like:love :dislike:hate

2.Tree:leaf :flower:petal

3.Dog:puppy :cat:kitten

Backformation 1.diagnosis-diagnose

2.butler-butle

3.babysitter-babysit

Blending 1.Webinar -web + simenar

2.Smog- smoke + fog

3.Glimmer- gleam + shimmer

Borrowing 1.Ballet ( french)

2.Patio(Spanish)

3.Hamster( German)

Clipping 1.Exam- Examination

2.Math-Mathematics

3.Cap- Captain

Compounding 1.Book+case=bookcase

2.Finger+print=fingerprint

3.Note+book=notebook

Coinage 1.iphone

2.band-aid
 3.heroin

Coversion 1.takeover- to take over

2.printout - to print out

3.bottle - to bottle

Echoism 1.splash

2.buzz

3.whizz

Folk Etymology 1.Ros marinus-rosemary

2.vagamundo- vagrant world

3.Crustaceans- crayfish

Reduplication 1.Hoity-toity

2.Easy- peasy

3.Boogie-woogie