THE

HEFFERNAN MATHS METHODS 3 & 4

GROUP TRIAL EXAMINATION 1
P.O. Box 1180 SOLUTIONS
Surrey Hills North VIC 3127
Phone 03 9836 5021
2022
[email protected]
www.theheffernangroup.com.au

Question 1 (3 marks)

a. Let y = x 3 tan( x)
dy
= 3x 2 tan( x) + x 3 sec 2 ( x) (product rule)
dx
(1 mark)
log e (2x)
b. f ( x) = , x ∈ (0, π )
sin( x)
2
sin( x) × − cos( x) log e (2 x)
f '( x) = 2 x (quotient rule) (1 mark)
sin 2 ( x)
π  6 π π
sin   ×   − cos   log e  
π 6 π 6 3
f ' =
6 π
sin 2  
6
1 6 3 π
× − log e  
2 π 2 3
= 2
1
 
2
3 3  π 
= 4  − log e   
π 2  3 
(1 mark)

Question 2 (2 marks)

x
g '( x) = 3cos   Given g( π ) =1,
2 π 
x 1 = 6sin  + c
2
∫
g ( x) = 3cos   dx
2 1 = 6 ×1+ c
x c = −5
sin  
=3× 2 +c x
1 So g( x) = 6sin  − 5
2
2
x
g ( x) 6sin   + c
=
2 (1 mark)

(1 mark)

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© THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2022 Maths Methods 3 & 4 Trial Exam 1 solutions
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Question 3 (4 marks)

a. The amplitude of h is 3 so the range is y ∈ [−3, 3] . (1 mark)

b. Method 1
3
3cos(4 x) =
2
1  π
cos(4 x) =  base angle is  (1 mark)
2  3
π
4 x = 2π n ±
, n∈Z
3
πn π
x= ± , n∈Z
2 12
(1 mark) correct value of x including correct categorisation of n
(1 mark) a second correct value of x including correct categorisation of n

Method 2
3
3cos(4 x) =
2
1
cos(4 x) =
2
cos is positive in the 1st and 4th S A
quadrants and the base angle is
π 1  π T C
i.e. cos −1  = . (1 mark)
3 2 3
1 quadrant solution:
st

π
4 x = + 2nπ, n∈Z
3
π nπ
=x +
12 2
(1 mark) correct answer including correct categorisation of n
4th quadrant solution:
π
4 x = 2π − + 2nπ, n ∈ Z
3
5π
= + 2 nπ
3
5π n π
=x +
12 2
(1 mark) correct answer including correct categorisation of n

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Question 4 (4 marks)

a. a + 5a + 3a + a =1

10a =1
1
a= or 0.1
10
(1 mark)

b. Var(
= X ) E( X 2 ) − (E( X )) 2
Now E( X 2 ) = (−1) 2 × a + 02 × 5a + 12 × 3a + 22 × a
= 0.1 + 0.3 + 0.4 (a = 0.1 from part a.)
= 0.8 (1 mark)
So Var( X ) = 0.8 − (0.4) 2 (E( X ) =
0.4 is given in the question)
= 0.8 − 0.16
= 0.64
(1 mark)

c. The actual weight equals the advertised weight when the difference between the two
is zero. From the table, Pr(X = 0) = 0.5 .
Let Y be the random variable representing the number of packets of saffron in a
sample of three for which the actual weight equals the advertised weight.
Y ~ Bi(3,0.5) ie p = 0.5 and n = 3
3
Pr(Y= 1)= C1 (0.5)1 (0.5) 2
=×3 0.5 × 0.25
= 0.375
 ˆ 1
So Pr =P = 0.375 (1 mark)
 3

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Question 5 (7 marks)

a. The domain of h is x + 2 > 0

x > −2
i.e. d h = (−2,∞)
and rh = R
(1 mark) for correct domain (1 mark) for correct range
b. Stationary points occur when h '( x) = 0 .
1
h '( x) =
x+2
1
Since = 0 has no solutions then h has no stationary points.
x +2
(1 mark)
y
c. x = −2
3

1 y = h( x)
(e − 2,0)
x
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 O 1 2 3 4 5
-1 (0, log e (2) − 1)

-2

-3

x-intercept occurs when y = 0

=0 log e ( x + 2) − 1
=1 log e ( x + 2)
e1= x + 2
x= e − 2
y-intercept occurs when x = 0
y = log e (2) −1
(1 mark) – correct asymptote (1 mark) – correct shape of graph
(1 mark) – correct axis intercepts
d. h( x) = log e ( x + 2) −1
Let y = log e ( x + 2) −1
After a dilation by a factor of 3 from the x-axis, the rule becomes
y
= log e ( x + 2) −1
3
y = 3log e ( x + 2) − 3
After a translation in the positive direction of the y-axis (i.e. two units up), the rule
becomes
y = 3log e ( x + 2) −1
So f ( x) = 3log e ( x + 2) −1
(1 mark)

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Question 6 (4 marks)

a. Let the angle that the graph of g makes with the positive branch of the x-axis be α .
=m tan(α) where m is the gradient of the graph of g
So =
3 tan(α)
α =tan −1 ( 3)
= 60° as required
(1 mark)

b.

60° 45°
120°

15° 45°

Using your answer to part a. and the facts that

• angles along a straight line add to 180°

• angles in a triangle add to 180°
• vertically opposite angles are equal

then the angle that the tangent makes with the positive branch of the x-axis is 45°.
So the gradient of the tangent is tan −1 (45°) =1 . (1 mark)
−3
Now f ( x) =
x
= −3 x −1
f '( x) = 3 x −2
3 (1 mark)
= 2
x
At x a=
= , f '(a ) 1
3
so =1
a2
3 = a2
a= ± 3
but x > 0, so a = 3 .
(1 mark)

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Question 7 (5 marks)
1
a. Pr( B '| A) =
3
Pr( B ' ∩ A) 1
= (conditional probabilty formula)
Pr( A) 3
p 1
=
Pr( A) 3
Pr( A)
=3
p
Pr( A) = 3 p (1 mark)
b. Method 1 - using a probability table

A A'

B 2p 1− 4 p 1− 2 p

B' p p 2p

3p 1− 3p 1
The values in bold we are given specifically (ie Pr( A ∩ B ') = p ) or we have worked
out in previous parts (ie Pr( A) = 3 p ) or we can work out from what we are given i.e.
1 Pr( A ∩ B ') p 1
if Pr( A=
| B ') , then = = so Pr(
= B ') 2 p . (1 mark)
2 Pr( B ') Pr( B ') 2
We can then calculate the other entries. So Pr( A ' ∩ B ) =− 1 4p. (1 mark)

Method 2 – using a Venn diagram

Pr( A ' ∩ B ) is shaded in the diagram.
B
The given value of p is in bold ie Pr( A ∩ B ') = p. A
Pr( A) = 3 p from part a. so Pr( A ∩ B ) = 2 p .(1 mark)
1 Pr( A ∩ B ') p 1
p 2p 1− 4p
Pr( A=| B ') , so = =
2 Pr( B ') Pr( B ') 2
so Pr( B ') = 2 p.
So Pr( A ' ∩ B ) =− 1 ( p + 2 p + p)
= 1 − 4 p (1 mark)
1
c. Pr( A ∪ B ') ≤
8
1
2p + p + p ≤
8
1
4p ≤
8
1
p≤ (1 mark)
32
1
Since p ≠ 0, 0 < p ≤ . (1 mark)
32
Pr( B ' ∩ A) 1
Note that = from part a. and Pr( A) = 3 p so p ≠ 0 .
Pr( A) 3

© THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2022 Maths Methods 3 & 4 Trial Exam 1 solutions
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Question 8 (6 marks)
dy
a. = −2e1−x
dx
∫
y= −2e1− x dx

=−2 × −1e1− x + c
= y 2e1− x + c (1 mark)
Since the function intersects y = 2x +1 , then it must pass through the point of
intersection i.e. (1,3) . So
= 3 2e1−1 + c and so c = 1 .
The rule of the function is y = 2e1−x +1.
(1 mark)

b. The area required is shaded in

the graph shown. y
Note that the x-intercept of the
graph of y = 2x +1 occurs y = 2x + 1
when =y 0, i.e. = 0 2x + 1 .
1 (2,5)
so x = − y = f ( x)
2

 1 
 − 2 ,0 
 
x
O 2 7

7
1
∫(
area = × base × height + 7 − x + 2 dx
2 2
)
(1 mark) (1 mark)
3 7
1 5  2 
= × × 5 + 7 x − ( x + 2) 2 
2 2  3  (1 mark)
2

25  2 2 3 
( ) ( )
3 
= +  49 − 7 + 2  − 14 − 2 + 2 
4  3   3 
25  2 × 27   2 × 8 
= +  49 −  − 14 − 
4  3   3  
1 1
= 6 + 49 − 18 − 14 + 5
4 3
1 1
= 28 + +
4 3
3 4
= 28 + +
12 12
7
= 28 square units
12
(1 mark)

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Question 9 (5 marks)

a. Method 1

Gradient of tangent = f '( p )

= −2 p (1 mark)
The tangent passes through A(0, 5) and ( p, f ( p )) .
Equation of tangent is
y − y1 = m( x − x1 )
y − f ( p) =
−2 p ( x − p )
y − (4 − p 2 ) =−2 px + 2 p 2
−2 px + 2 p 2 + (4 − p 2 )
y=
y= −2 px + p 2 + 4
Since the tangent passes through A(0, 5) , then
5 p2 + 4
=
p2 = 1
p= ±1 but p > 0
so p = 1
The equation of the tangent is y = −2x + 5 as required. (1 mark)

Method 2

Gradient of tangent = f '( p )

= −2 p (1 mark)
2
The tangent passes through A(0, 5) and ( p, f ( p )) i.e. ( p, 4 − p ) .
rise
gradient of tangent =
run
4 − p2 − 5
=
p
−( p 2 + 1)
=
p
−( p 2 + 1)
So −2 p =
p
−2 p 2 =
−( p 2 + 1)
p2 = 1
p= ±1 but p > 0
so p = 1
The equation of the tangent is y = −2x + 5 as required. (1 mark)

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Method 3
Gradient of tangent = f '( p )
= −2 p
The tangent passes through A(0, 5) .
Equation of tangent is
y − y1 = m( x − x1 )
y − 5 = −2 p( x − 0)
y = −2 px + 5
(1 mark)
Since the tangent intersects with f just once then the equation of intersection of the
tangent and f has just one solution.
−2 px + 5 = 4 − x 2 (equation of intersection)
x 2 − 2 px +1 = 0
a =1, b = −2 p, c =1
∆ = b 2 − 4ac
= (−2 p) 2 − 4 ×1×1
= 4 p2 − 4
For one solution, ∆ = 0
=0 4 p2 − 4
0 = 4( p − 1)( p + 1)
p = ±1 but p > 0 so p =1
The equation of the tangent is y = −2x + 5
(1 mark)
b. Method 1 – algebraic approach

r is a dilation factor from the y-axis.

x'
then x ' r=
If ( x ', y ') is an image point, = x ie x .
r
y= −2 x + 5
−2
becomes = y' x '+ 5
r
−2
ie g=( x) x+5
r
f ( x) = g ( x)
−2
4 − x 2= x+5
r
2
x2 − x + 1 = 0
r
For one point of intersection,
2
 −2 
=∆ 0 ie   = − 4 ×1×1 0
 r 
4
−4= 0
r2
4r 2 = 4
r = ±1 (1 mark)

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If r > 1 or r < −1, f ( x) and g ( x) won’t intersect.

We need also to consider the domain of f i.e. x ∈ [−2, 2] .

There will be one point of intersection between g and f when the x-intercept of g lies
between −2 and 2.
x-intercepts occur when y = 0
−2
= y x+5
r
−2
becomes = 0 x+5
r
2
x=5
r
5r
x=
2
We require
−2< x<2
5r
i.e. − 2 < <2
2
4 4
− <r<
5 5
 4 4
But r ≠ 0 so r ∈  − ,  \ {0}
 5 5
4 4
(1 mark) for the interval involving − and
5 5
(1 mark) for the exclusion of zero

Method 2 – graphical approach

When r =1 we have the case shown on the graph in the question (and below), so g
and f intersect just once in this case.
When r = −1 we have the case where the line has been reflected in the y-axis so the
point of tangency will occur at ( − p, f (− p ) ) , so g and f intersect just once in this
case.
y

A(0,5)
r = −1 r =1

x
y = f ( x) O p 2

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When r > 1 or r < −1 we have a dilation from the y-axis which is a stretching.
This means that g would have no points of intersection with f.

A(0,5)

r < −1 r >1

x
O p 2
y = f ( x)

When 0 < r <1 or −1 < r < 0 we have a dilation from the y-axis which is a
compression.
5
Note that the x-intercept of the line is when r = 1 . The x-intercept of f is 2.
2
When the line has been compressed towards the y-axis so that it’s x-intercept is also
5
2, the compression factor has been 2 ÷ = 0.8 .
2
So for 0.8 ≤ r <1 , the line intersects twice with f.
Similarly for −1 < r ≤ −0.8 , the line intersects twice with f.

A(0,5)

−1 < r ≤ −0.8
0.8 ≤ r < 1

x
O p 2
y = f ( x)

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For 0 < r < 0.8 , the line intersects with f just once.
Similarly, for −0.8 < r < 0 , the line intersects just once.

−0.8 < r < 0 A(0,5)

0 < r < 0.8

y = f ( x)
x
O p 2

In summary, the required values of r are

r =±1, 0 < r < 0.8 and − 0.8 < r < 0 .
(1 mark) (1 mark) (1 mark)

© THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2022 Maths Methods 3 & 4 Trial Exam 1 solutions