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10 . PumpsLesson 29 CLASSIFICATION OF PUMPS 29.1 Introduction Pumps are used to transfer
and distribute liquids in various industries. Pumps convert mechanical energyinto hydraulic energy.
Electrical energy is generally used to operate the various types of pumps. Pumps have two main
purposes. Ø Transfer of liquid from one place to another place (e.g. water from an underground into a
waterstorage tank). Ø Circulate liquid around a system (e.g. cooling water or lubricants through
machines andequipment). 29.2 Components of a Pumping System ∙ Pump casing and impellers ∙ Prime
movers: electric motors, diesel engines or air system∙ Piping used to carry the fluid ∙ Valves, used to
control the flow in the system ∙ Other fittings, controls and instrumentation ∙ End‐use equipment, which
have different requirements (e.g. pressure, flow) and thereforedetermine the pumping system
components and configuration. Examples include heatexchangers, tanks and hydraulic machines. 29.3
Classification There exist a wide variety of pumps that are designed for various specific applications.
However, most ofthem can be broadly classified into two categories as mentioned below. i. positive
displacement ii. dynamic pressure pumps http://localhost:8101/moodle/file.php/14/Lesson_29.htm1 of
8 02‐01‐2017 11:34 Fig. 29.1 Classification of pumps 29.4 Positive Displacement Pumps The term
positive displacement pump is quite descriptive, because such pumps are designed to displace amore or
less fixed volume of fluid during each cycle of operation. The volumetric flow rate is determinedby the
displacement per cycle of the moving member (either rotating or reciprocating) times the cycle rate(e.g.
rpm). The flow capacity is thus fixed by the design, size, and operating speed of the pump. Thepressure
(or head) that the pump develops depends upon the flow resistance of the system in which thepump is
installed and is limited only by the size of the driving motor and the strength of the parts.Consequently,
the discharge line from the pump should never be closed off without allowing for recyclearound the
pump or damage to the pump could result. They can be further classified as: 29.5 Types of Positive
Displacement Pumps 29.5.1 Reciprocating pumps Pumping takes place by to and fro motion of the
piston or diaphragm in the cylinder. It is often usedwhere relatively small quantity of liquid is to be
handled and where delivery pressure is quite large.Piston pump: A piston pump is a type of positive
displacement pump where the high‐pressure sealreciprocates with the piston. The pump has a piston
cylinder arrangement. As the piston, goes away afterthe delivery stoke, low pressure is created in the
cylinder which opens the suction valve. On forwardstoke, the fluid filled inside the cylinder is
compressed which intern opens the delivery valve for thedelivery of liquid.
http://localhost:8101/moodle/file.php/14/Lesson_29.htm2 of 8 02‐01‐2017 11:34 Fig. 29.2 Piston pump
Diaphragm pump: uses a combination of the reciprocating action of a rubber, thermoplastic or
Teflondiaphragm and suitable non‐return check valves to pump a fluid. Sometimes this type of pump is
alsocalled a membrane pump. Fig. 29.3 Diaphragm pump 29.5.2 Rotary pumps In rotary pumps, relative
movement between rotating elements and the stationary element of the pumpcause the pumping
action. The operation is different from reciprocating pumps, where valves and a pistonare integral to the
pump. They also differ from centrifugal pumps, where high velocity is turned intopressure. Rotary
pumps are designed so that a continuous seal is maintained between inlet and outlet portsby the action
and position of the pumping elements and close running clearances of the pump. Therefore,rotary
pumps do not require valve arrangements similar to reciprocating pumps. Gear pumps: uses the
meshing of gears to pump fluid by displacement. They are one of the most commontypes of pumps for
hydraulic fluid power applications. The rigid design of the gears and houses allow forvery high pressures
and the ability to pump highly viscous fluids. http://localhost:8101/moodle/file.php/14/Lesson_29.htm3
of 8 02‐01‐2017 11:34 Fig. 29.4 Gear pump Lobe pump: Lobe pumps are similar to external gear pumps
in operation in that fluid flows around theinterior of the casing. As the lobes come out of mesh, they

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