CSS Outline
An outline is a line drawn outside the element's border.
This element has a black border and a green outline with a width of 10px.
An outline is a line that is drawn around elements, OUTSIDE the borders, to
make the element "stand out".
CSS has the following outline properties:
outline-style
outline-color
outline-width
outline-offset
outline
The outline-style property specifies the style of the outline, and can have one
of the following values:
dotted - Defines a dotted outline
dashed - Defines a dashed outline
solid - Defines a solid outline
double - Defines a double outline
groove - Defines a 3D grooved outline
ridge - Defines a 3D ridged outline
inset - Defines a 3D inset outline
outset - Defines a 3D outset outline
none - Defines no outline
hidden - Defines a hidden outline
The following example shows the different outline-style values:
Demonstration of the different outline styles:
p.dotted {outline-style: dotted;}
p.dashed {outline-style: dashed;}
p.solid {outline-style: solid;}
p.double {outline-style: double;}
p.groove {outline-style: groove;}
p.ridge {outline-style: ridge;}
p.inset {outline-style: inset;}
p.outset {outline-style: outset;}
The outline-width property specifies the width of the outline, and can have one
of the following values:
thin (typically 1px)
medium (typically 3px)
thick (typically 5px)
A specific size (in px, pt, cm, em, etc)
<html>
<head>
<style>
p.ex1 {
border: 1px solid black;
outline-style: solid;
outline-color: red;
outline-width: thin;
}
p.ex2 {
border: 1px solid black;
outline-style: solid;
outline-color: red;
outline-width: medium;
}
p.ex3 {
border: 1px solid black;
outline-style: solid;
outline-color: red;
outline-width: thick;
}
p.ex4 {
border: 1px solid black;
outline-style: solid;
outline-color: red;
outline-width: 4px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>The outline-width Property</h2>
<p class="ex1">A thin outline.</p>
<p class="ex2">A medium outline.</p>
<p class="ex3">A thick outline.</p>
<p class="ex4">A 4px thick outline.</p>
</body>
</html>
CSS Text
CSS has a lot of properties for formatting text.
TEXT FORMATTING
This text is styled with some of the text formatting
properties. The heading uses the text-align, text-
transform, and color properties. The paragraph is indented,
aligned, and the space between characters is specified. The
underline is removed from this colored "Try it
Yourself" link.
The color property is used to set the color of the text. The color is specified by:
a color name - like "red"
a HEX value - like "#ff0000"
an RGB value - like "rgb(255,0,0)"
The default text color for a page is defined in the body selector.
<html>
<head>
<style>
body {
background-color: lightgrey;
color: blue;
}
h1 {
background-color: black;
color: white;
}
div {
background-color: blue;
color: white;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a Heading</h1>
<p>This page has a grey background color and a blue text.</p>
<div>This is a div.</div>
</body>
</html>
Text Alignment and Text Direction
In this chapter you will learn about the following properties:
text-align
text-align-last
direction
unicode-bidi
vertical-align
Text Alignment
The text-align property is used to set the horizontal alignment of a text.
A text can be left or right aligned, centered, or justified.
The following example shows center aligned, and left and right aligned text (left
alignment is default if text direction is left-to-right, and right alignment is
default if text direction is right-to-left):
h1 {
text-align: center;
}
h2 {
text-align: left;
}
h3 {
text-align: right;
}
When the text-align property is set to "justify", each line is stretched so that
every line has equal width, and the left and right margins are straight (like in
magazines and newspapers):
div {
text-align: justify;
}
Text Align Last
The text-align-last property specifies how to align the last line of a text.
Align the last line of text in three <p> elements:
p.a {
text-align-last: right;
}
p.b {
text-align-last: center;
}
p.c {
text-align-last: justify;
}
Text Direction
The direction and unicode-bidi properties can be used to change the text
direction of an element:
p {
direction: rtl;
unicode-bidi: bidi-override;
}
Vertical Alignment
The vertical-align property sets the vertical alignment of an element.
Set the vertical alignment of an image in a text:
img.a {
vertical-align: baseline;
}
img.b {
vertical-align: text-top;
}
img.c {
vertical-align: text-bottom;
}
img.d {
vertical-align: sub;
}
img.e {
vertical-align: super;
}
