Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181

Vol. 6 Issue 08, August - 2017

Comparative Analysis of Dynamic Routing

Protocols
Kummari Anjana, G. Sivan Muthu Krishnan,
Department of Software Engineering, Department of Software Engineering,
SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, India. SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, India.

Aditi Singh,
Department of Software Engineering,
SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, India.

Abstract - The main concepts of the dynamic routing protocols OPTIMALITY- the capability to choose the best path to route
are discussed in this paper. Routing protocols are basically used which depends on the metrics and metric weightings, used for
to let the communication between the routers happen. The calculations.
efficiency of the routing can be judged on the basis of metrics. LOW OVERHEAD- simple and efficient overhead.
This comparative study is carried out and explained.
ROBUSTNESS- they should perform efficiently in the case of
INTRODUCTION hardware failures or high load conditions.
Dynamic routing protocols play an important role in today’s FLEXIBILITY-they should quickly adapt to any new
networks. In the following paper, we describe the importance circumstances in the network environment
of each of these routing protocols, their usage, advantages and RAPID CONVERGENCE- agreement of the entire route to
disadvantages. Firstly, let us understand what a routing choose the most optimal path.
protocol is. For example, if we want to transfer a box from
room A to room B, the first thing we would calculate is the Components of dynamic routing protocols:
shortest path. Similarly, when the data is being transferred in 1. Data Structures: They are kept in RAM. Tables and
the network layers, the path determination and switching are Databases.
done using these protocols. The routing protocols are given in 2. Algorithm: The steps in which the routing process
two forms, occurs. Used for processing routing information and
➢ Static Routing calculating the best path.
➢ Dynamic Routing 3. Routing Protocol Messages: Discovers the neighbors.
Keep the accurate information of the exit and the
STATIC ROUTING: entry points.
When the IP addresses are set manually and the routes are
entered from the keyboard, it is known as static routing. The The dynamic routing protocols that are no longer used,
entries are made into the routing table by the network a) RIP V1
administrator before the actual routing process begins. These b) IGRP
entries can only be changed by the administrator, they cannot c) NLSP
alter themselves. This requires additional configuration when d) EGP- Exterior Gateway Protocol
the subnets are added in the internetwork. Since, they can't e) BGP- Border Gateway Protocol
adapt to any changes made in the network, they are usually not
preferred when the network is huge and the outcome is not The dynamic routing protocols in use and studied in this
predictable. They also do not send and routing information paper,
that can be heard by the hackers. They do not have CPU a) RIP V2
memory and link bandwidth. b) EIGRP
c) OSPF
DYNAMIC ROUTING:
On the other hand, dynamic routing is done using the routing Dynamic routing protocol operation:
protocols i.e., instead of giving each and every IP of the entry The common purpose and function of these protocols is to
and exit of the router, the network administrator just has to identify the remote networks and quickly adapt whenever
write the protocol with the given syntax. In the real time, these there is a change in the network environment. The operations
are very practical and beneficial since they can identify, if depend on the given protocol. The following are the general
notified, the changes brought into the network and find the operations of a dynamic routing protocol,
shortest path.They can adjust to the changing network ● The router sends and receives the information on its
environments by reading the routing update messages. If the interfaces.
messages indicate any change in the network; they calculate ● The router shares the routing messages with the other
the shortest path and send the message. The design goals of routers that are using the same routing protocol.
dynamic routing protocols are:

IJERTV6IS080096 www.ijert.org 346

(This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)
 Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 6 Issue 08, August - 2017

● The exchange of information among the routers is to information is being sent to remote networks. For example,
find the remote networks. let's say there are two routes 1 and 2 from router A to router B.
● Whenever there is a change in the topology, the Both of them are the shortest paths but 1 costs slightly more
routing protocol is used to inform the routers about than 2. So, the router would choose path 2. This happens when
the changes. the protocol uses cost metric to determine the path. Each
routing protocol uses different metrics to choose the path. RIP
ABBREVIATIONS AND COMMANDS: uses hop count and EIGRP uses a combination of bandwidth
RIP: Routing Information Protocol and delay. The available metrics are:
IGP: Interior Gateway Protocols
IGRP: Interior Gateway Routing Protocols HOP COUNT- No. of routers the packet can traverse. The hop
NLSP: NetWare Link Services Protocol count represents the total number of routing devices a given
EGP: Exterior Gateway Protocol piece of data (packet) passes through. For example, let's
BGP: Border Gateway Protocol consider the network below to understand the concept of hop
EIGRP: Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol count. We have 3 devices each connected to a different router.
OSPF: Open Shortest Path First Now, hop count can be defined as the number of hops taken to
reach the destination. Most people interpret hop to be the
Commands: number of links that are used in the data transfer. But, in real,
Router>en (to enable the router) it is the number of routers the data hops over to reach the
Router# config t (to configure the terminal) destination. Let's say, message has to be passed from PC0 to
Router(config)# interface ________ (to enter the interface) PC2, the hop count =2. Similarly, from PC0 to PC3, the hop
Router(config-if)#no shut (to save the added IP) count is 3. However, from PC0 to PC1, the hop count=1 since
Router(config)#exit (to exit from that interface) there is only one router between them. Routing protocols that
Router# show run (to look at all the commands given) only reference hops as their metric do not always select the
Router# show version (to show the versions in use) best path through a network. Just because a path to a
Router# show ip route (to show the ip addresses) destination contains fewer network hops than another does not
make it best
DYNAMIC ROUTING PROTOCOLS
A. DRP AND CONVERGENCE:
Convergence can be defined as a state where all the routers
have the same topological information of the internetwork in
which they are operating.In simpler words, the routers should
have the accurate information about the neighbouring routers
they are connected to. All the routers advertise the part of
information they know and when all the routers have the
consistent understanding of the network, it can be said that
they are converged. However, for the traffic to flow, the
routers need not be converged. Even if the routers are not
converged the data flow will still occur but the path chosen
BANDWIDTH- Path with highest bandwidth is chosen.
may not be the optimal route. Any change in the network that
Bandwidth is measured in terms of bits per second. The links
affects the routing table, breaks the convergence temporarily
that carry higher transfer rates are always preferred over lower
until all the information is passed on to all the
capacity links. However, bandwidth alone is not enough to
routers.Whenever there is a change in network topology,
find the suitable path because let's say there is a high capacity
routing protocols are used to inform the routers about the
link with greater delay and is highly loaded and a low capacity
changes and when all the routers have adapted to the new
link with lower delay and lower traffic. What would be ideal is
information, the convergence is reestablised. Hence,
not easy to measure only with the bandwidth information.
convergence is very important to calculate the best path.
Convergence time can be defined as the time taken by the
DELAY-Time taken by the packet to traverse the path. Delay
routers to converge. This is one of the main design goals and
is the time taken by the packet to traverse the path. If delay is
performance indicators of the routing protocols.RIP takes a lot
a measure, then the link with the lowest delay would be
of time to converge even if the network has only a few routers,
chosen as the best path. Each individual delay quantity would
it may take upto few minutes to converge. That's why OSPF
be an estimate based on the type of link to which the interface
and EIGRP are the most preferable routing protocols since
is connected. As said in the above example, if both bandwidth
they converge quickly.
and delay are combined together, we can get an optimal path.
B. DRP AND METRICS:
LOAD - Traffic utilization of the link. This metric reflects the
Metrics are a way to measure or compare. Routing protocols
amount of traffic utilizing the links along the path. The best
use metrics to determine which route is the best path. There
path is the one with the lowest load. Unlike the hop count and
are mostly n numbers of paths to reach one destination. Out of
Band width, load is not constant. So, it must be carefully
all those paths, to choose one optimal path, metrics are used.
checked before choosing the path.
There are many factors that are considered when the

IJERTV6IS080096 www.ijert.org 347

(This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)
 Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 6 Issue 08, August - 2017

RELIABILITY-Probability of link failure. Calculated from the

interface error count. It is generally measured dynamically
over a specific time frame, such as five seconds. Routers
observe attached links, reporting problems, such as link
failures, interface errors, lost datagram and so on. Links
experiencing more problems would be considered less reliable
than others , making them less desirable paths—the higher the
reliability, the better the path. The network conditions are not
stable so the reliability also changes.

COST-A value determined by the network administrator to

indicate preference for a route. Network administrators set
RIP Configuration:
arbitrary metric values on links along the path end to end.
These values are typically single integers with lower values ● All the configurations are done in cisco packet tracer 6.1.
indicating the best path. This is based on the efficiency of the ● Initially, build a desired network with no more than 15
link. routers. Each of the router is connected to one or more
C. DRP AND TYPES: switches which is further connected to devices.
i. RIP
ii. OSPF ● A router to router connection is made by serial cable
iii. EIGRP (synchronized). A router to switch and a switch to device
RIP: connections are made by straight copper cable.
RIP is a standardized distance vector routing protocol ● A switch to switch connection is made by the cross cable.
designed for smaller networks. RIP prevents routing loops by Once all the devices are connected, the IP addresses and
implementing a limit on the number of hops allowed in a path gateways are given. There are 2 methods of assigning the
from the source to a destination. IPs, static and DHCP. Here, we have used static approach
Characteristics of RIP: which means giving all the IP addresses manually.
● RIP sends out periodic routing updates (every 30 Whereas, in DHCP, if the range is given the IPs are set
seconds) automatically. So, to set the IP, click on the device, go to
● Full routing table is sent out at every periodic desktop mode and click on IP configuration. You have to
updates. give the IP and the gateway of that particular device.
● RIP uses a form of distance as it’s metric. Follow the same steps and configure all the devices. Once
● RIP routes have an administrative distance of 120. all the devices are configured move on to the routers.
● RIP has a maximum hop count of 15 hops. Click on the router and enter the CLI mode. Enter
'NO'and now we have to enable the router.
RIP Versions:
It has two versions V1 and V2. V1 is the classful state, which ● Router>en (Syntax to enable the router) Once the router
means these protocols do not send subnet mask along with is enabled, you have entered the user execution mode.
their updates. Whereas, V2 belongs to the classless state, We've now entered the privilege mode and here you can
which do send the subnet mask along with their updates. Let run the commands such as show run,
us consider the following diagram (a) for understanding the Show version ,etc., which are used for troubleshooting.
differences better. Now, we have to configure the router and to do that,
Here, as you can see, the information from r1 to r3 goes as following syntax is used.
172.20.0.0 without any subnet information and in diagram
(b),the information from r1 to r3 is sent as 172.20.1.0/24. ● Router#config terminal (syntax to configure the terminal)
We will discuss only about the V2 in this paper. The routing All the commands regarding the routing would be done in
table most primarily consists of interfaces, ip addresses and the configuration mode.
metric values. RIP V2 uses multicast address 224.0.0.9 .RIP is
a interior gateway protocol(IGP), which means this can be ● To allocate the Ip addresses to the routers, we have to
used to exchange information between the gateways within an enter the interfaces of the each router. If the router is
autonomous system. connected to a switch, its interface would be
fa0/0 or fa0/1
interface fa0/0 (Syntax)

● Here we have to enter the gateway of that particular

switch; it should be in the same network as the devices
connected to that switch.
ip add 170.10.0.3 255.255.0.0 (Syntax for adding a
sample ip)

IJERTV6IS080096 www.ijert.org 348

(This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)
 Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 6 Issue 08, August - 2017

● The next command would be to save the ip and it is no The above three ports are configured using router the RIP
shut. Once no shut is given, we have to exit from the routing is,
interface and the exit command is exit.
router rip
● Now, to configure the routers, we have various serial network 10.0.0.0
ports available such as se0/0/0, se0/0/1, se0/1/0 and so on. network 70.0.0.0
Every entry point of the port is synchronized i.e., it has a !
clock rate allotted. A default clock rate of 64000 is used ip classless
in the example. ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 70.0.0.3
clock rate 64000 (syntax)
The other steps are the same as the fa0/0. The network ids are the Ids the router is directly connected
Configuration Example: through the exit point 70.0.0.3 .The syntax for RIP routing,
R1>enable When you've entered the configuration mode,
R1#config t
R1(config)#interface se0/0/0 For router 1
R1(config-if)#ip ad 192.128.10.4 255.255.255.0 R1#conf t
R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000 R1(config)#router rip
R1(config-if)#no shut R1(config-router)#version 2
R1(config-if)#exit R1(config-router)#network 192.168.12.0
R1(config)# R1(config-router)#exit

RIP Configuration Example: For router 2,

interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 20.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
duplex auto
speed auto
shutdown
!
interface Serial0/0/0
ip address 130.0.0.2 255.255.0.0
clock rate 64000

RIP config
router rip
network 20.0.0.0
network 70.0.0.0
network 130.0.0.0
Rip protocol was used to execute the following network. This !
network has 6 routers, each connected to one switch which is
further connected to another switch. Each of these switches For router 3,
are connected to 2 devices. Each router is given one network interface FastEthernet0/0
and both the switches are connected to the router by the same ip address 40.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
gateway. duplex auto
speed auto
For router 1, !
interface FastEthernet0/0 interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0 no ip address
interface Serial0/0/0 duplex auto
ip address 70.0.0.2 255.0.0.0 speed auto
clock rate 64000 shutdown
!
interface Serial0/0/1 interface Serial0/0/0
no ip address ip address 160.0.0.2 255.255.0.0
clock rate 2000000 clock rate 64000
shutdown !
interface Serial0/0/1

IJERTV6IS080096 www.ijert.org 349

(This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)
 Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 6 Issue 08, August - 2017

ip address 130.0.0.3 255.255.0.0 1. Intra-area

clock rate 2000000 2. Inter-area
3. External Type1
RIP config, 4. External Type2
router rip
network 40.0.0.0 OSPF Topology Configuration:
network 130.0.0.0 The area 0 routers is connected to four area 1 routers in which
network 160.0.0.0 each area 1 router has two more routers connected to it. The
! commands for establishing the connections between routers
and switch (typed in CLI):
It is similarly done for the other 3 routers.
OSPF: >>enable
Open shortest path first (OSPF) is a routing protocol which #configuration terminal
uses link state routing algorithm. It is mostly used for wide #interface fast Ethernet no.
enterprise networks. It is an interior gateway protocol (IGP) #ip address ip address subnetmask
for routing packets within a single routing domain, such as an #no shutdown
autonomous system. It constructs topology based on the link
state information from the routers. This topology is then The commands for establishing the connection between two
presented as routing table to the internet layer. It supports both routers(Typed in CLI):
Internet protocol version 4(IPv4) and Internet protocol
version 6(IPv6) and supports classless inter-domain routing >>enable
(CIDR) addressing model. #interface <serial port no.>
An OSPF network can be divided into sub- domains called #ip address <ipaddress><subnetmask>
routing areas. These areas are the logical collection of OSPF #clock rate 32000-64000
networks, routers and links. Each area has different networks #exit
and there is only one area which creates communication
between all attached areas. A router within that area maintains For routing the connections using OSPF the commands are
a topological database for the area to which it belongs. The #config terminal
router doesn’t have detailed information about topology #router ospf<autonomous system>
outside of its area, thereby reducing the size of database. It has #network <Network ID><Wildcard mask><area no.>
complex network with multiple routers to balance load on OSPF Configuration Example:
multiple links to other subnets. It creates an adjacency As shown in the diagram below, connect all the routers and
database for exchanging routing updates with other routers. the switches and the devices. The process remains the same as
Two routers are neighbors if they are members of the same described above for RIP. Once all the switches and devices are
subnet and share the same area ID, subnet mask, timers and connected to the routers, the routers would be connected to
authentication. The OSPF neighbors exchange packets called one another using the OSPF routing algorithm.
hello packets.
For router 0,
Area types: This is the medium through which all other routers would
● Backbone area communicate. The configuration done is as follows,
● Stub area interface FastEthernet0/0
● Not-so-stubby area no ip address
● totally stubby area duplex auto
● Transit area speed auto
shutdown
Router types: !
● Internal router (IR): An internal router has all it’s interface FastEthernet0/1
interfaces belonging to the same area. no ip address
● Area border router (ABR): It connects one or more duplex auto
areas to the main backbone network. speed auto
● Autonomous System boundary router (ASBR): It is shutdown
connected by using more than one routing protocol !
and it exchanges routing information with routers interface Serial0/0/0
autonomous systems. ip address 20.0.0.3 255.0.0.0
clock rate 64000
Routing Metrics !
OSPF uses path cost as its basic routing metric. Metrics are interface Serial0/0/1
only directly comparable when of the same type. Following ip address 40.0.0.3 255.0.0.0
are the types of metrics: clock rate 64000
!

IJERTV6IS080096 www.ijert.org 350

(This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)
 Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 6 Issue 08, August - 2017

interface Serial0/1/0 interface Serial0/0/1

ip address 10.0.0.3 255.0.0.0 no ip address
clock rate 64000 clock rate 2000000
! shutdown
interface Serial0/1/1 !
ip address 30.0.0.3 255.0.0.0 interface Serial0/1/0
clock rate 64000 ip address 60.0.0.3 255.0.0.0
! clock rate 64000
interface Vlan1 !
no ip address interface Serial0/1/1
shutdown ip address 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
! clock rate 2000000
router ospf 40 !
log-adjacency-changes interface Vlan1
network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 no ip address
network 20.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 shutdown
network 30.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 !
network 40.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 For router 5,
! interface FastEthernet0/0
ip classless ip address 130.0.0.2 255.255.0.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
no ip address
duplex auto
speed auto
shutdown
!
interface Serial0/0/0
no ip address
clock rate 2000000
shutdown
!
interface Serial0/0/1
no ip address
clock rate 2000000
shutdown
!
interface Serial0/1/0
no ip address
For router 1, clock rate 2000000
shutdown
interface FastEthernet0/0 !
no ip address interface Serial0/1/1
duplex auto ip address 60.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
speed auto clock rate 2000000
shutdown !
interface Vlan1
! no ip address
interface FastEthernet0/1
shutdown
no ip address
!
duplex auto
router ospf 40
speed auto
log-adjacency-changes
shutdown
network 60.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 1
!
network 130.0.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 1
interface Serial0/0/0
!
ip address 50.0.0.3 255.0.0.0
ip classless
clock rate 64000
!
!
In the same way, all the other routers are configured.

IJERTV6IS080096 www.ijert.org 351

(This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)
 Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 6 Issue 08, August - 2017

EIGRP interface Serial0/0/1

EIGRP is an advanced distance vector routing protocol which ip address 97.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
is used for automating routing decisions and configuration. It clock rate 2000000
was designed by Cisco and used only on Cisco routers. It uses !
autonomous system to share routes of routers with other interface Vlan1
routers. It provides quick convergence times with minimal no ip address
network traffic with very low usage of network resources shutdown
during normal operations. !
EIGRP uses Routing tables, Neighbor table and Topology router eigrp 1
table to store information. The neighbor table keeps a record network 96.0.0.0
of IP address that have direct connection with that particular network 97.0.0.0
router. The routers which are not connected or connected network 9.0.0.0
through another router are not recorded. auto-summary
The topology table stores routes that it has learned from !
neighbor routing tables. It stores only those routes that are ip classless
determined by EIGRP. It records the metrics of all EIGRP !
routes. There are two types of routes. One is active route
which indicates that EIGRP is trying to get the best path and For router 1,
another is passive route which indicates that it has determined interface FastEthernet0/0
the path. no ip address
EIGRP is considered a hybrid protocol because it sends link duplex auto
state updates when link state is changed and also uses speed auto
Distance vector protocol. shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
no ip address
duplex auto
speed auto
shutdown
!
interface Serial0/0/0
ip address 96.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
clock rate 2000000
!
interface Serial0/0/1
ip address 95.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
clock rate 64000
!
interface Vlan1
no ip address
The configuration of the switches and devices are done as shutdown
explained above in the RIP section. Once the switches and !
devices are configured, the routers are configured using the router eigrp 1
EIGRP algorithms. The configuration as follows, network 95.0.0.0
network 96.0.0.0
For router 0, auto-summary
interface FastEthernet0/0 !
ip address 9.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
ip classless
duplex auto
speed auto
For router 2,
!
interface FastEthernet0/1 interface FastEthernet0/0
no ip address no ip address
duplex auto duplex auto
speed auto speed auto
shutdown shutdown
! !
interface Serial0/0/0 interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 96.0.0.2 255.0.0.0 no ip address
clock rate 64000 duplex auto
! speed auto

IJERTV6IS080096 www.ijert.org 352

(This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)
 Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 6 Issue 08, August - 2017

shutdown CONCLUSION
! It can be concluded that when the number of routers is few,
interface Serial0/0/0 RIP could be used but it still cannot be said that it is an
ip address 94.0.0.2 255.0.0.0 efficient method. Delay and load on combination give better
clock rate 2000000 results, to simplify, RIP is chosen on the basis of hop count
! but on the other hand when two to three metrics are considered
interface Serial0/0/1 on a whole, the protocol chosen would be the most efficient
ip address 95.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 one. As per the results, OSPF has by far been the most
clock rate 2000000 preferred and the most used routing protocol.
!
interface Vlan1 REFERENCES
no ip address [1] Introduction to Dynamic Routing Protocols by Rocco Dawkins
shutdown [2] Routing Protocols and Concepts, CCNA Exploration Companion Guide
! [3] Dynamic Routing Protocols, By Jeff Doyle.Sample Chapter is provided
courtesy of Cisco Press, Date: Nov 16, 2001.
router eigrp 1
[4] IP Routing: From Basic Principles to Link State Protocols,By Heather
network 94.0.0.0 Osterloh,Mar 29, 2002
network 95.0.0.0 [5] http://www.9tut.com/rip-routing-protocol-tutorial
auto-summary [6] http://www.routeralley.com/guides/rip.pdf
[7] http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/Routing-Information-
!
Protocol
ip classless
Comparison between RIP, EIGRP, OSPF
S.N Routing Information Enhanced Interior Open Shortest Path
o. Protocol (RIP) Gateway Routing First (OSPF)
Protocol (EIGRP)
1 It is a distance It uses advanced It uses link state
vector routing distance vector routing protocol.
protocol. routing protocol.
2 Hop count 0-15 Hop count 0-255 There is no limit
means that it means that it on hop count so it
supports maximum supports maximum can support any
of 15 routers. of 255 routers. number of routers.
3 It is used for small It is used for It is used for large
organizations. medium and large enterprises.
organizations.
4 RIPv1: does not Supports VLSM. Supports VLSM.
support VLSM
RIPv2: Supports
VLSM
5 Administrative Administrative Administrative
distance is 120. distance is 100. distance is 90.
6 It calculates the It calculates the It calculates the
metric in terms of metric in terms of metric in terms of
Hop count. bandwidth and bandwidth
delay.
7 We can’t create We can create We can create
separate separate separate
administrative administrative administrative
boundary. boundary using boundary using
autonomous no. area no. within the
same area.
8 It is industry SRP It is Cisco SRP It is industry SRP

IJERTV6IS080096 www.ijert.org 353

(This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)