Interaction of User and Computer

System software provides basic computer functions and enables the use of application software. It includes operating systems, device drivers, programming languages, and system utilities. Operating systems control hardware and interface with users and applications, while system utilities perform functions like backing up data, scanning for viruses, and compressing files. High-level programming languages are easier for humans to read and write than machine languages, so translator software like compilers converts programs into an executable format.

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Interaction of User and Computer

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Javid Hamdard

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INTERACTION OF USER AND COMPUTER

Software broadly classified in two categories:

1. System Software
System software provides the basic functions
that are performed by the computer. It is
necessary for the functioning of a computer.
TYPES OF
SOFTWARE 2. Application Software
Application software is used by the users to
perform specific tasks.
The purposes of the system software are:
1. To provide basic functionality to
computer,
2. To control computer hardware, and
3. To act as an interface between user,
application software and computer
hardware.
System software
Software
Hierarchy
1. For computer management
 Operating system
 Device drivers
 System utilities
2. For development software
 Programming languages
Types of System  Translator software
Software  Linker & Loader
 Anti-virus utility to scan computer for viruses.
 Data Compression utility to compress the files.
 Cryptographic utility to encrypt and decrypt files.
 Disk Compression utility to compress contents of a disk for
increasing the capacity of a disk.
 Disk Partitioning to divide a single drive into multiple logical
System Utilities drives.

 Disk Cleaners to find files that have not been used for a long time.
 Backup Utility to make a copy of all information stored on the disk.
 System Profiling Utility provides detailed information about the
software installed on the computer and the hardware attached to it.
 Network Managers to check the computer network and to log
events.
 Programming language is a vocabulary and set of
grammatical rules for instructing a computer to
perform specific tasks.
 Each language has a unique set of keywords (words that
it understands) and a special syntax for organizing
program instructions.
PROGRAMMING Programming languages fall into three
LANGUAGES categories:
1. Machine Languages
2. Assembly Languages
3. High Level Languages
 Programming Language usually refers to high-level
languages like COBOL, BASIC, FORTRAN, C, C++, Java,
Python, etc.
 Machine Language is what the computer can understand
but it is difficult for the programmer to understand.

 A program written in machine language is a collection of

binary digits or bits that executed directly by a computer
CPU.

 It is also referred to as machine code or object code. It is

MACHINE written as strings of 0’s and 1∙s Each kind of CPU has its
own unique machine language.
LANGUAGE
 A program written in assembly language uses symbolic
representation of machine codes needed to program a
particular processor (CPU).
 Assembly Language falls in between machine language
and high-level language. They are similar to machine
language, but easier to program in, because they allow

ASSEMBLY the programmer to substitute names for numbers.

LANGUAGE
 A program in a high-level language is written in
English-like language. Such languages hide the
details of CPU operations and are easily portable
across computers.
 High-level Language is easier to understand and
use for the programmer but difficult for the
computer.
HIGH-LEVEL
LANGUAGE
 Translator software is used to convert a program
written in high-level language and assembly language
to a form that the computer can understand. The
translated program is called the object code.
 Kinds of translator software:
1. Assembler,
2. Compiler, and
TRANSLATOR 3. Interpreter.
SOFTWARE
 Linker is a program that links several object modules
and libraries to a single executable program.

 Loader is a program used to load and re-locate the

executable program in the main memory.

LINKER & LOADER

 An OS is installed in a defined section of the hard
disk, called a disk partition.
 Clean Install
 Upgrade
 Multi-boot
 Virtualization
OS INSTALLATION
METHODS