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CHM271 - Study Case (Proposed Solution)

The proposed solution to treat wastewater involves a chemical treatment process using oxidizing agents like chlorine and ozone to destroy microorganisms and bring the pH back to neutral. This involves two key steps: 1) coagulation, which uses chemicals to destabilize particles and form larger particles that precipitate out, and 2) filtration, where remaining particles are removed by passing the water through filters containing materials like sand and charcoal. Together, these processes chemically treat wastewater in a simple and cost-effective way to produce clean water.

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Faidz Fahmy
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95 views3 pages

CHM271 - Study Case (Proposed Solution)

The proposed solution to treat wastewater involves a chemical treatment process using oxidizing agents like chlorine and ozone to destroy microorganisms and bring the pH back to neutral. This involves two key steps: 1) coagulation, which uses chemicals to destabilize particles and form larger particles that precipitate out, and 2) filtration, where remaining particles are removed by passing the water through filters containing materials like sand and charcoal. Together, these processes chemically treat wastewater in a simple and cost-effective way to produce clean water.

Uploaded by

Faidz Fahmy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4.

PROPOSED SOLUTION
To overcome this problem, we have come out with a suitable solution to process wastewater which is
by a chemical treatment. This treatment, as the name implies, employs the use of chemicals in water.
Chlorine, an oxidising agent, is frequently used to destroy microorganisms that degrade water by
introducing toxins into it. Ozone is another oxidising agent used in wastewater treatment. Neutralisation
is the process of adding an acid or base to water to bring it back to its natural pH of 7. Chemicals prevent
germs from growing in water, resulting in clean water. In this process, there are few important steps
which is coagulation and filtration.
4.1 Coagulation
Coagulation is a chemical water treatment technique that involves altering the electrostatic charges of
particles suspended in water to remove solids. Small, highly charged molecules are introduced into
water to destabilise the charges on particles, colloids, or greasy materials in suspension. The small,
suspended solids and colloidal particles are destabilised and aggregated to form bigger particles when
a coagulant is added, boosting precipitation efficiency. Main characteristic of this process is to take the
pollutants and separate products formed.

Fig. 1 A simplified diagram of the coagulation process employed during drinking water treatment.

The advantages of this process are;


i. Process simplicity vii. Significant reduction in the chemical
ii. Integrated physicochemical process. oxygen demand and biochemical
iii. A wide range of chemicals are available oxygen demand
commercially. viii. Interesting reduction in total organic
iv. Inexpensive capital cost carbon and adsorbable organic halogen
v. Very efficient for SS and colloidal (pulp and paper industry)
particles ix. Bacterial inactivation capability
vi. Good sludge settling and dewatering x. Rapid and efficient for insoluble
characteristics. contaminants (pigments, etc.) removal
4.2 Filtration (Adsorption)
Once the flocs have dropped to the bottom of the pond, the clear water on top is filtered to remove any
remaining particles. During filtering, the pure water travels through filters with varying pore sizes and
materials (such as sand, gravel, and charcoal). Dissolved particles and germs such as dust, chemicals,
parasites, bacteria, and viruses are removed by these filters. Activated carbon filters also eliminate
odours in a way of adsorption, a process involves adhesion of ions, liquids or even gas molecules on a
solid surface. Molecules from the gas or liquid phases will be physically connected to a surface, which
in this case is active carbon. The adsorption process is divided into three stages which are macro
transport, micro transport, and sorption. Adsorption activity is determined by the concentration of the
substance in the water, the temperature, and the polarity of the material. A polar material (one that is
well soluble in water) cannot or is only partially removed by active carbon, whereas a non-polar
molecule can be completely removed by active carbon.

Fig. 2 A diagram showing mechanism of active carbon filtration.

By this process there are few advantages that can be acquired;


i. Technologically simple (simple vii. Excellent ability to separate a wide
equipment) and adaptable to many range of
treatments’ formats viii. pollutants, in particular refractory
ii. Wide range of commercial products molecules
iii. Wide variety of target contaminants ix. (CAC is the most effective material)
(adsorption) CAC: efficient for chemical oxygen
iv. Highly effective process (adsorption) demand removal; highly efficient
with fast kinetics treatment when coupled to coagulation
v. Excellent quality of the treated effluent to reduce suspended solids, chemical
vi. Global elimination (CAC) but possibly oxygen demand and colour
selective depending on adsorbent.

These solutions were chosen because of few factors regarding it cost of operation and times required
for a complete treatment. As for the cost, it is affordable compared to biological wastewater treatment
since both methods stated only requires simple technology. The fundamental reason for using chemical
coagulation is that it shortens the time it would take for the solids to settle on their own. As a result, the
overall detention time of the wastewater treatment process is reduced. Chemical coagulation can also
help finer colloidal particles and mineral impurities settle. These particles are likely to pass through a
later filtering system if they do not settle during the sedimentation phase. Hence, coagulation has
become a popular method of reducing the total suspended solid (TSS) worldwide.
As for the adsorption, it is crucial to improve the water quality. Because activated carbon
adsorbs dissolved molecules and sub-micron particles, pollutants are reduced, resulting in more visually
beautiful and healthful drinking water. Adsorption is used to remove disinfectant chlorine, which is
often employed in municipal water treatment. The most common complaint and reason individuals buy
filters is the taste and odour of disinfection chlorine. Many pesticides and other synthetic organic
compounds, including as chlorinated hydrocarbons, petrol, industrial solvents, and disinfection
byproducts, can be removed via adsorption. Adsorption can also remove heavy elements such as lead
and cadmium from water due to corrosion of plumbing systems.

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