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Dynamic Programming

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48 views

Dynamic Programming

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Dipta Karar
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© © All Rights Reserved
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TUTTE LLL % PHEBDD wae Scanned with CamScanner J TTT » ih y =a + EE = = er or a wn wr er “Dyponic_ Hogamming* DP= Enhanced Recursion Cfane) Gund) ferction -eatles calls self with Smaller inputs = Poreut of Dynamic Programming is yecursion — DP asks for optimal Solation — Choice / choose — Recursion can be opplied ~~ Recursive >» Memoize ——> ate function op - down) Bottom -up ov ini DP problems : . O-1 knapsack (6) Unbounded knapsack (5) Fibonacci (7) Longest Common Subsequence(/5) Longest Increasing Subsequence (jo) kadane's Algorithm (6) Metrix Chatn jMuttiplication(7) DP on Trees (4) DP on mainx (4) Others (5) © © ® @ © © ® @ ® ® Total prrblens/ Variations = TI prblens Scanned with CamScanner 0-1 knapsack. Problen i] Subset Sum 2] Equal Sum partition 3] Gunt of Subset sum 4] Minimum Subsel sum difference §] “Target sum §] Number of Subsets with given difference Knapsack — problem a IN Fractional oft Unbounded Greedy ) knapsack knap Sack vrpbier qT rh 3 Ty Paget 8 4s yol(]: | 4 5S 7 we 7 ( capacity) Scanned with CamScanner (Gea ele Ue i PTT ss see 1c nw SS aT Ul be taken. s nok biapeaal, pradtion o item Om in qyactional Fvapsack, fra cde that tom of But in oft knapsack, ether we have t exclude the item 4p unhounded knapsack, Flow by laenlly 8 we can take multiple instances of few. wit}: | 3 4 output : Bottom -up eee (Top- down) ° s TLELLEELCLLUEUe U0 8 & vom Dp ® Recursive + Storage VUUUTV TTA Scanned with CamScanner ° O/4 knapsack Recursion Tnput ~ | wtl) = 7 3 Vv Itemd. det s qi) ™ x if the weight of the item > the capacity of the bag. Can't Con take con't take take int ‘iRefBcHe(int wilt, int valC] » int capaciyp, int ») § 7 Base Condition if (n==0 Il capacity ==c) sretuin 0; shee if (wt[p-i] <= capacity)’ return = max( val oi} Knap sack(wtival y capocity 2 wt (0-7, ny; qT pspsosdossaee > knapsack ( wt val Capacity ,n-i)) 5 ase if (wt (n-iJ> Capacity) sretuin knapsack (wt, Val , Capacity, n-1); Scanned with CamScanner aaaaaaay How to think about the base condition 2 Liild, fe. THNK Boul Vie base Conaition | © Base condition —> Think ef the smallest valid input Oo} knapsack top-dewn—A te:- Meni zation : So th the recursive knapsack the Variables that ave changing =) PUTTTVCTTTLG i Knapsack (wt, val capacity, n os. ' F (wt fr-1) > et one Gators a pseek( uti val Capacfty, n-(); i an 4) copacity Se qpr these variabla only, we lave to ae prepare He tabi. = = krapsack (wt CI, val], capacity, »)§ ~ wut dp(nai][capacty +1]; ytd — memset (dp, aaa: y i _ Tntibaton of ON ae fable with * Z > = - 3 - Wt dpfios] i004) da's ‘ne. foe conshaints nee memset (dp, -1, sizeof (4); capacity 000 <_; it knapsack (jut wICJ, ik valCI, it capacity, int Df iF(n==0 Il capacity ==0) rein 0; a Vi Cap [n](eopacity] t= -1) . ~ yer dp (0) Ceapaciy] 5 { a #Cutlr- ae caret i vw aN i science vee) + manage hve stapes: eto) w iv Scanned with CamScanner Ce. SS aE - Bottom - up Approch Tn this only table is there Why bottom-up approach is best? EJ amenrininet ore ea Sees Cawe it avoid the enor of stackoveytlow evr. 3 Rearsive —>Rc coll Rc + A aeaG46.) > Memoization a Bottom - up —_ step i! Gnitialization Sept Sep2* Reuursive | convert this! tovotive Functions relation ntl » nee SaaS Scanned with CamScanner Example : E wt] = ']3 a]5 ned valfi = {7 [+ |s5 [7] wed wt=6 _—_——+ INITIALIZATION Z. wo wt | * ‘Lh Be | +} 3 “he Z Se| > 4 Ka ' pe EY Max progit a — ~~ wt [1.3.4] > val = (1,415) = G36 al wh YF o ° 2 ~~ duitialization is_tmportaut al Ag ee Z 9 ls “1 topos a While Gnverting the ‘recursive cals to the itevative = ‘elation ... rr S Then the base condition of ecursive calls ~ ae changes into ed vw Initialization in the iterative vr So|. rT rr fl Scanned with CamScanner bbebeberbbbdbibhihahkhabababbebt oe Tterative if(n==0 Il W==0) for (iz0 > 1cn4t 5 1t4) F vehn 6; for(j-0 5 Jewt 3J40F if (i=0 [I j==0)f f (wt(e-"] <=) f torn rnax [voll] + Krapsock (wt, val, We wr lenopsack (at, val, W, 1-1) & ony dp liIGI= o% 3 ;) (ust [p-i] <= w) apr] = max/vatfes] + dpCr-DOW- vel], | 4p lr i) Go else if ( wt{n-J-> w) vyeturn Knapsock (wt val; Ws m-); ae ACTS Spd = 4p6-1 60; Scanned with CamScanner UVULUULLEUCECCTUOCCOLLUUULE TODD PETTY (ode :- int fmapSack (int wt], int voll int o. iat w){ Vector Ap (nt! 5 vector dint ey for(int iz0; Tents itt)§ for(int joi jewt + j++) f if (is=0 Il j==0)§ op CAG = 0% 5 } 3 for (int iets ientts itt) § for(int jot 1 JEWHI 3 jHHDS if(wel- <= 7) § pbIGa Sf] + apCi-A[j- wt, ; epCi-) (51); else § dp LIL] = tp -OLjI- } } peu ae(rfv]i i Scanned with CamScanner eee aeeeere eee eee eeeeeeeee ee ae e Subset - Sum Problem Pare ——— : 1 Given an Orray :- awl] § 2,3,7, g, 10} Sum = 11 HF a Subset which having the sum of i elemed 1S equal to the given sum then yeturn tue. Here > subset= {3,83 S digi Sum sil We o1e Naving the choice to j include the elume exclude the elément in the Subset , we onC] = [yal az] spo} sum=n If we compae this problem with tre knapsack, thew otra] [wid Jp vetun pre. WT TT mA: ve 4 dp (n+i][sum +1] — sum 4 § 67,8 Sou > 3 Fle|rietrtete\r fete ° - 2 Ta14] ey © we w \A ala a L Tf size of anay 7=0 still We can creak with Subse! cum=o LGuphy oabset J Bu if the avroy o} size ==0 and Sum >o — Then we can't creat Subset — Se Tuitialice with ay ze Scanned with CamScanner PRLELELEEEDLLLELELEELEEUOOLECEEECECECECOCODS for(int ico signet s itt) for(int j=0 5 JSSumtl 5 54) § if (i=20) 4 jem = false; iF (jes } dp GJ (jJ= true; 5 3 0) § \w— sum ia ooo — TTT yet chee Lo ake we ae thallgwed] 3 dp (n +i] (oun +i} Scanned with CamScanner Koapsack Subset = Sue (we (i-i] cap)y BCmtr-i] <=H)F HOC woe CG we 4pCIGN= AptrI(;-awfi-1] ap G-AG9 M" else dpe] GI; dp GIGI = dp §-JG else apGIGI= dp O-IG1: eal sul ss > Scanned with CamScanner 4 © Equal Sum fastition Problem = Epo! Sun fort a Given an amay , we have to" find boo aiff Subset such “that sum of their elements Should be Equal Flow © problem statemet © Strilay with subset sum ® Odd] Even significance @® Gde Vari ation ane [1.5.1.5] ofp 2 Tras f19083 fig s+s zl " AA —> The basic condition is > if the Sum of the away eluments , L > . pees - ig evens Then only we can divide the array ~_ Else we can't do the partition i > | ar int sum =0; | > for(int zo 4 '< Size 3 i++) | = sum +2 av(Ji t if (surgg| #0) —> return false; UD arr= fess 134 ——> sum= 22 Now for Equal pantition TA " " so we hove to {ind the subset whose WW. swn is ll bee] Tato subsel ‘sum So his problem now is conver! problem VUUTT ECC OCC eed Scanned with CamScanner if (sum ==0) vetwn subset Sum (arr, Sum/2) for (iwt i=05 icns itt) § Sumt= art (iJ; 5 if (sum/2 Io) retum fove if (sum /2 seo) vetum SubSetSum (aw, sums); Scanned with CamScanner MEE ELI IP ADD DDD 0 erorne. UVTI PUUULLELELOCOCCOCOLGCEE Cont of Subset with a event Guu : put We have to count the number of Subsel with the aw (J = [2, 3,5, 6,8, 10] Sum = Jo given Sum. LeIsTs[¢ [3] | Sum=lo {2,83 $2.3, 5} } fon ©) fio} awl] = f2, 3,516, 8, lo} Sum = lo t(nt][sum +1] 0) > Sum Oo! 2 3 £ 5 ¢ 7 % 9 Jo 0 | Po Ye Vo Vo | \¥o|% Fo \Fo ro mM 2171 3/7) oF1F] ® T WT ee pean ee ——> _ oto=o ‘So Gn Hof Subsets with given sum we have to add both Param eters re. Scanned with CamScanner — VUUUUETUCOCCECECECCLEULEE TEE U LEE an[j= |i fe output = 4 SitS2_2 Swe —> Equal Sau partition e.| S)-S2 50 | But in thio question » The difkerence (absilute) of subset | Should be minimum | Sn the above ex cumple. the cures having the wWieimane dlifference fl.6. 53 4ng I+64+5 " (2 W C2 -1) — @ a Auwwer, Scanned with CamScanner [Tie problem is similar to Equal Sun partition oy) fer eee s] Now Wwe have to find the rouge of po cuw of, partittona Sum | Sua WHAT COvLD BE THE RANGE P Either Subset 1s : a s Her co Ae or Subset having oll the elm euly are eeian “I Poe the range is [0, 23] of Sum é[s[« Gaal asia 8888.) daw fin io de o 1 28 4 FT RAN ee ERIE Scanned with CamScanner Came You counst wake a subsel of Ie | m gine a whose sur jo (© I e So Now ¢ind out How ae eubies on tue nuuber Lac | Salto tu ceuclition a i Means can we make S) OS, om jhe ervey ATTN 1 a at v we Q OS oS XE] ita © \@ \® 6, fs. = §o.1,2,3,7, 8,9, 103 Tie D'S —_ ©” This amay Consists both Sy and Sx. if Sel thew i ®(Saw-1) 3 1s abo preset > ie. 9 if p22 > (Saw -2) —9 is aloo prreoeut > 523 > (zan-ay—a()is ato preset so cur See 5 we Sy TTT Su Scanned with CamScanner RB US So bosically we love to gind te only one partition, another pabtition will automatically olepiined CSi- S2.)—> minimize FP (S2 ~ Si) 5 mimic (Rouge -S.) -S) [(Ronge - 2S] Minimize Range is rating but Cer ae add pI II 333385 3 ee -& ot a = ji widitiad (= 26, ] 3 Mininsize Zar Scanned with CamScanner . | 2 a ad 3 Je onl ~ jock —— similar eae tal Tr sun J ve pees ie What does His block | will tell 2 dize of aero = 1>$1 3, Sum = Se this problem «ill Solved by the coe — | It will chee heer | we ave geting the Gu | i ao 7' er not \, 1, L v L [, GV Scanned with CamScanner —————————— eee FP Subeeb Sul int anf], int Rouge ) f o 2 3 4¢ s ¢ 7 &§ JF Scanned with CamScanner AIAN TAT O25 ath Cat “vedo ‘opt chal - Seawe - I waut to Sh Stove Smalley vale Cs) | int mint = INT- MAX; for (int iso 5 fcvee.sizer) j i++) saini=_min (mini, vecliJ)s $ mini = min (mini, Range -a-*vecliD))s a velurn mini; Scanned with CamScanner thts Giz] [3] 2 493-4 a ©) [Is] Giz] » 4-3") occured 2tmes So ie « tate of AAS cabled diff a0 “dlf,’ 7 a sum(s.) - sum Gf) = aff | sum(s,) + Syén (Sx) = Suu an) 2sum(s,) = th £ Sum(ar) ) 3S > Asum(s) = afb + sum (arr) KO) €9°® sum(s)) =4 Scanned with CamScanner ors] fy2 ae Here Dis = tails pps Whew sun of subset J is + then omly we have i the given clp . = fe. Si- $2 = af ee a count 2 Fm os we have tr Cout So we Nave “reduced this Ceust- CUCUUT TT # cout of Subsets os GrudGut of with given aiff - Subs ethiun E, J, tt int sume = off + Sum(arr) 2 rretum cous of Subset Sum (ore, Sum) ink countopSubset Cun (iukLJ arr, iut uu) [Suit alization I Fraversin if (amd <=) Wag) = th-agI +t O-ILj- eb Aye 461g) = t0-9G) rete Cn] ous] 5 GULLUCTUUUCTTTT Scanned with CamScanner +/- allowed like we can take ay of “the sign to any chavo EX i pv -a 43 |—> sume! Ho ott +2 -3 | — Ssum=!l 3 (WW -2 43 | — sume] +) + reo Css (sam) — (sum) 4-3 zal Tin in some an Hu tout of Subset sum diff . Scanned with CamScanner eT TTT N ICN hee tele te teteteange © Related problems » © Red cutting © G@in change -1 @ Gin change -11 ® Maximum Ribbon ut VUVUTT OTe 2 Sh unbounded Knopsack, multiple occurrences of item is allowed. 2 Jn oli Knopsack, If we include | exclude the item, thew it is Considered ao processed item. Means, we Can't consi dew im ie “danetion . 2 dn unbounded Knopsack , we Can consider a single item rmutipte | items . 2 &. det's Sup pose I like Ice-c7veam,then I can take Ice-crtom multiple times 7 and If 1 don't wat burgev, then I'll not consider it leven Gf it has been Offered fo me multiple time ‘ULEELELCELOELOESG ouy 7 Scanned with CamScanner EE ————— In ol) knapsack Spath processed v~ (Ease “Hem Exebids processed 7 In unbound ee Rnopie Telus — IN Process Exelud—+ processed a eel dors G@de Variation » Bt Variation : of. knapsack cock > ea fect ae Jo[elofolele | Cel T | f(oG-J -D +009 = max (vat + t(-]G- wtli-], 6-053): Slolo che t0IG) = 0-IGI Jn thio, if we considey the ekument theu we odd the value of, that ekmeut and we move forward 1.2,(n-1) 7 but in unbounded Kuapsack 5 we can take the eluent 5 mattiple times So we dont have to (n-/) > yariofier prise] dengt o nd Sometimes the Leng th to nat que a the question thn we have to rake the tangth only | by pusking + to elemends in the length anay us sw prelj— wil] danght} 9 wet] Howe , we com cut rd dhe in came i Libe 33,2 Lit, 6 8 unbounded _ a bepack Variation Scanned with CamScanner ZZ 2 ILL DIO LO OOO er erenenenanai! Code if(length (-<= D4 dp (JG = ome G+ api G- Lyte) ; ap (i-IGI else f alJG= op IEG] } PE VECLEEEELELELELECECEECCELELODY Scanned with CamScanner coinC])= [1 [a F ins id thet, anaes 13 Infinite Supply of coins 243<5 24241 = [Fl+3=5 ; mt (F1 414225 (t)t+64it) oS Now we fave to cout the rw. of ways du whiel we Can obtain the given sum > oop p rin, bat bape, ‘tao anroys (oat § vot) were jinn Hun whenever an array io ica Thin conside, 6 ao wt ae MATCHING coins[] ——> wt lJ Sum —— > W — Tio io unbounded fenapsack Cawe vrepetation is atlowed, ea TPL ITI OI ION IN eteetreang, Scanned with CamScanner Subset Guy Tn question is related to SubsetSumt pre : uf (an[i-J <=j) | eOIGI= *G-OGI I (0-0-6); ele tiJGI= tG-9GI; Couk of Subset Sunn farli-J Hence minimum 2 colhs wooing 4E— WHET 2 = & ave requuredl, # cainge3 E43 = oT Hoinse 3 e—— 22H ap[dins sivec) + ][sum +r] e(4J[J ——> Sm e7 2 3 4+ s , 1_»(INT.MAX -4) ! lo { TWIST oO iS Hum sUel\ w S Goinl] i $ F SO We Tart make 0 Sum=1 thio situation ASigp means coins array is oe So we require wifi, wate ine which Cums up fo @ Sum voli but we can't take imap hy in that So chore JINT.MAX - rly od 2 let's fale atter ti, —_—_—— Scanned with CamScanner FARA a AAT ATEN GREE Eo 88 CLGULUCUUUUEE OEY {, \, U \ L L L b CLEULECEEEG! es 12 8 4 5 6 ° i 2 3 orscrd Sum=3 > no. of mia coins Ouest eee ° INILM#y J 4 | 2{° q if ow=[3Ts T2] far-(3]sTa but dength=1 Sum=4 ao Bl win. no. ef coins of clunomination “3 4 23,284 ain Such that we get Sum = q yun =. ape CNoT PosstBLE) © (int-r1ax-1) Scanned with CamScanner # (i ,anG}~-— por f (5 Xar[i] J20) put INT-MAX-! for (int jel 5 yb Longest repeating subsequence Length of longest ee cf ‘a’ which is ayn Subsequen ce Pattern Matching Court how many times (2) appear as Subsequence in) , Longest podind romle Subsequence . Longest priindromic Substring Count of palindromic substring Minimum no. of deletions in a string to make it a indrome _ Minimum no. % Insertions ina string to make it a me palin drome. _ > EE zB Scanned with CamScanner @ ©OOG G8 goeeee t TETTTT ETT tl erert TOLL vt 4 AV oars Se bd Longest Common Subse quence e Recut We i “Two strings will be given string %= “abedgh” size(n)= 6 shring Y= “abedfh1” size(m) = 7 xe c@3® — abdh esalshony, 86: @KRO.— abdh Subsequence = abdh ian a4 sumer’ 3, sie © Base Condition @ Choice Diagram +# Base Gneddition :- 5 i th str is Zero if the length ef bo ing if(n==0 I] m==0) vetumn 0; pasa at syorits, “ep, sy bn Ak ede ay aNd vd sD sy taggly, sation ante on vant wie tet Scanned with CamScanner LL ———— =—__— Choice Diagram (l-d == ylns]) 2 if the Jat chert. matches — Matches ——s Cs at. | ree — if not matehes int m ,int m)§ if (n= Here, we will chek \, whether fio ion is alrensty calle! or not fs How To CHECK? ———— _ Check whether the value is greseut in the table or not. Scanned with CamScanner VULULLELULELECOCOLCOCUCUUVULC CE EES 4 globally declaration of the table Static int dp [eoi)fooi] ; int Lcs (string x, String yg, int nm, int m) $ iF Cpl Gn $= 1) Ff } return defn im]; #COB-T== y[m 5 dp[n][m]= 1+ Lcs(xsy,n4,m-); 3 elses dp{n][m] = max (“a /n,m-t) ‘ / Les (x,y, n-1,m) ]” 5 veturn Ap(a][m]; Scanned with CamScanner IEEE" J TET = © Bottom-Up @ ee base conclition Initialization in In veeursion otto -up if(m==0 Il n==0) — ze Iuitialne mre] Te ae ° ° x:abef — m4 yi abcd of 4 neg ap(sI[T] —> dp [msi]fn +] — > 2 Cy lengino) m Th Catengtho) He auner [[Snitializati on dp [m+n +i) 5 for(int i=0 5 Tema) + i++) for (int jeo 5 EMH 5 hap) if (i=l 2) opGiJGI = 0: Scanned with CamScanner a] ct oF oF oF F i ar Z : VUUV CUE E EEE TOU CUTIVE CCE OGG I for(int i=1 3 igmar; 14+) § ip for(int j=! 3 yent yen if (x@-J== 9G-D5 dpfilj] = 1+ dpl-G-] 5 else F GIGI = mox ap fiIG-4,\ op lO eo) t j seturn dp[in][n]s Scanned with CamScanner L VI “Two Shings are given: Si = “abcde” S2= “abfce” Jn sub can be qound by spring sapiens thier, Heroe he Shiny Py » SEI g x si = “abe@e TS 'obce 5 abco Si: ~ ab ce" — abce =— skipped But in Sub siting > & answer should be continuo cu. si = “[ablee—— ¢ es ave the ; ab Sas (ORES Saectings I Initialization Lo <___ t Lil for(int jo 5 Temas i+ for (int j-03 jemsis j44) if(izs0 Wy==0) PLiIG3=0 I Main code for(int i=l 5 idmer s itt) ¢ for(int j=! PSM 3 f44)5 iF Cs\GG-J == saG-D)§ ea de -TG +1 lve ‘ UpCICA <0: 3 3 Tea TH ya ap AA KID Scanned with CamScanner EE ZOE IOS OUECLODULUOEDEEBETCEECECECEUYWVEDODS Q ° | shing S1= “acbef"* String Sa “abedof": my 3 Longest Common Subsequence = abef “Task is to print the Les of tv0 stings. How actly us works 2 s)= “acbef" —om=5 S2= “abcdaf"—9n. ¢ dp[m+i] [nti] 9G Fab —GhC Pre RO 12, $ efofo olo|e lo Guike this shing is fa. oPAT | lites there 2fo fr 2] 2] 2/2 63/0] 1 eee 2}2|2 Tron, ct fo] i fofafa] 3/3 : fSloli1 jz {3/313 (AL a Je-= SoG a==q (sre 45) At iz0, feo SLI = = Se" aptag9 = epC-I0-0 At i20,j21 Sil] f= GJ S» dpGij GI = dp (1-957, dpfij GJ = max, op 6G-0 Scanned with CamScanner game RE sy We will go Now a $c cliagon. “fcba ” are not equal “9 oa go gind max (3,2) and move to thet cel, 3 is max . a Sd move Left bef This pres we have to Te out answer polo jo 4 an Equot (ij) if Not Equal (i,j) Reverse c) Vad ddaddda Ao goooas Scanned with CamScanner GOLD ote Me GF EET S°USOLEODLEDEELEETCTUUUTLSG © Prepare a table for LCs ® Now we have tw start from the [at cele while Cir && J29} f(silt-J == s2G-DE ans += Si[i-Ji i~e: J else f if (opGiIG-1 > ee G-IGVI jt J else . j creverse(ans.beginc) 5 ans.endQ) ; eturn ans; Scanned with CamScanner gonecreeseee Shing q: “geek” String b* ~ eke” — merge Merge them in such a way that geelce | both a feet? are Thus is te Shortest feng He a~ *AgGTAs" b “@xtyaye" FR ( AGGARS GXTXAYB [HaeaRETTE | spercopenn Find the shortest Supersequence(Jenath) a."AQGTAB" be “GXTXAYB” A s GST AV, GGTAR } present Gerke S preeent This is the shortest Supersequence dength = 4 tt Scanned with CamScanner POPPIN NNLLNIDILI IIL IL LY WW ewe resent eeel a. A AB BG at thee a th bs TX AYB pay _ “ falrea q A T Ly Write one | AGGXTXAYB u Longest Common Subsequence §@) Wheat would be the worst case af taking Supersequence 8 6 Q: AGGTag b: GxTxAyg wal \ 2, Raarad + QxTKAYE Us= "aTAB" yes =*GTAN™ t IDEA length of Shore Supersequence =mMtn Ls Shortest length of eel uence. Scanned with CamScanner LUGCUGCCCCCOUTUCCTCUUT TTT TTY int Ucs(shing a. shig by int m, int 9) § int dp fms] [n4q; for(int ito, i¢ mets itt) § RrCink j20 5 jemte, 544) 5 F(i==0) pli <0, if (j-=0) apliIQ3 =o: j for(int jet + jemey vite) { Tor(int JEU Gann js if(aff-i] == 6)-7) § oC] = + aphi-dg-9 ; else deG] Gj] = max ae IE}, dp Ci-JG7); ; ( 2) 5 t teturn dp (mJ Cr), j jot mainc) 5 string a,b; cine? aprb; a.lengthc) + b-lengthG) - Les (a,b,a.lengthc), cout K alength ‘j mee oa ] J Scanned with CamScanner Dy af iio hii i hla Vad adalah Tnput -- Output a: “heap” Tnsertion: | b:* peo" Deletion. 2. convert iy Vth a—m"s heap pea “Low Hh if we Should aft Les or not 2 “TWo strings are given 4 optimal amwer is required then it is a vaniation of Les problem . pea Remove la Pp ee . Grsevtim) (deletion) map ea” yemain untouched ————— ——_ w @ WHAT IS “@a"? | q convent, | Ce NEE We will do nak usp diye ex Ree mM Convers " a) way! insertim in‘ea’ to > om ‘a‘ ae Convert to‘b’ Convert to a en : UT Scanned with CamScanner Les (shring a, string b. int ms int n)5 dp[m+iJ [n+]; MI Tratiatszation fr Ht yaoi cody (luk ists igmans itt) § for(int jor 5 Jon 5 jas else § 3 } netune dem] (0) ; 3 mo () f Mbput aif b tos Gut <.“ Beteton Min. delehow " ¢¢ Q-lenginc)- Les (ab,m By) cout <* Min. Insertion “<< b.lengtnc) -Lcs(a,b «5 fonte Seevaen ct berxiyesy otirecal > sottelel [o .c0 muta FCaC-T == BED f dp Ci fjd = 1+ pO Gi | PUIG] = me Cap (AG), a CI), 10) end LybWauudaIAIAsdaddad, Scanned with CamScanner ) by DVTTTTTTEY iy y L VUUTTT TTT aay CEE ES ee ee One strin is ai ' jiven , have to vetutn the longest indromic Subseque g yeu aw urn the long pout St*agbcha* ____s TH fla,“ abcha" ofp = Thi is Longest palindromic aaa! find all subsequences of hing “s" Subsequence . — then find out » How many subsequences are palindrome — veturn the max. length all polindvomic Seen: SG 7 all Patinarons ;—— Longest length Siubsequen ce [Stbsequences | . Mat i) Algovitla. = Up g dp we com thik of like fio another shing *b Xs a qunsion of a string Go LCS aw ery a. a b— furca) Scanned with CamScanner String as “abe agbc ba" — lets reverse fio and store it i7 b 9 ="646© 66" b= “@GHOOg@" oo a wf ah “abcba” ——> Tho is US AND GUESS WHATT 22? TRIs IS ODR ANSWER “abeba” | The is longest patindronie [‘abeba” | Saleuboe lcs Ca.b. m,n) § Code 4 sailliropiA pinubinii I) Les coc. J maind § Wuputa” 3 6 ein SL orevore (stv) begin d+ ghre.endO}; best; abut & LES (arb,min) end; 5 Scanned with CamScanner a TTT beb abche ea (# elie 21) indromic Pgunsequene CF deletion =5) ps ink Pd ry As we ave deleting the maximum chavacten, We ave getting shortest palindromic Swbsequence , Hence, Length of patindramic 4 i quence Number 2 deleHove Simp! BAAR BRN nnA dl! length ot — Find thellongest palindyomic Subsequence . > etn (Length sf Shing) -(Lergh o longest palinevonne quence Scanned with CamScanner , ncvhaite a al PF Ip: a: “achef" aS b> “abcdaf" op ofp: “ ackedaf" Pf _ or => dength of Shortest Gramon SeperSequence =f > eee we have 1 print the length et (scs) Now we have to peat the sting. 6 a bc da : a ff-e[e[ o] o] of] of o 5 afolrjr|s bopaeka Clo ! \ 2. 2] 2. bf > t}2{ ef ata clo [i |] 3 [Gy < fie Tr]}2,at 2 ‘ Match ¥ Hereagcae f MC rual hun ce move f> max (4p 0-45), ep GIG-) bulk add the chavacey ct lower cel) Heres Mter faking «¢' jt will move to ealt MS Atter ~y I jet | | but befure rnoving add the chavocter f ana and | en Lets code Huo portim =i —_ Scanned with CamScanner CUIVVYVVI ITT TAY i UD J v1 mn Jd ALUCGEOUL v t Shing ans = i i= mlengh0; While( iro $4 jro) § ut = bs Length): iF(a(i-] == bG-)) f ans pusb- back (afi -)s else § if(dpGe]G-J > dpCi-JGI) § ans. push.back(b[j-!)); yO else if CaplilG) 1 < 4pCi-1GD) § ans push- back (a Ci-9 \3 5 dn LES we are talking about we aan stop our iteration . s ae 44 tcl have topped her | | : 6 ead 4) "sti How awe Tt wou rot mnandako GS that it Should reach i iptin oo c cell (018) in prin 4 cs ore HH L tL | Let's take an example | a: “ac" | Tf we stop here, means 20) bw | then we hove td add +the Then us = remain Oh! chin but in sce = “ac! | Cawe in SCs we take aggregeln SO Scanned with CamScanner while ( i>0) £ ans push back (a(i J); Lmportant while (j>o) § ans. push_back (b(j-J); | Final Coee © prepare a table for LCS © Now we have to Start from Lost cell ° © string ans=*"; while (iro $$ jro)§ f(afi-] == bG-d)§ ans push-back(a (i-1)+ j= =3 Jr j else. “move left iF (4pIG-J >dp G-IGD§ ans. push -back (blj-J) Jj-- i else if (Ap HIG-AS ep li-IG Is ans push -back(a[i-i) > ery Wedel e ed ddaldddud ddda de Scanned with CamScanner PObGDHOOD’ while Ci iro) f f stem 3 fe ans S push - back (a i- Ds while Cj>0) { j ee ans. push. back (6G-Ds Jo-5 Scanned with CamScanner Shing S =" AABERCDD __-rordier (should be maintain ) > discontinows (/) let's take a Subsequence = “ABD” WE ec OH CS Suna ABD “ABD” occuvs = 2 Hmes Subsequence gn “Ac” —5 2 times Arswer 1 “ABD” ant the me lengthis 3, Output the length of longest Repeating Subse quence Given Shing is a Aeee ee on . tind Les S:“AABEBC DD; Thio will never i © AA on in longest Re a Suby i -. 2 eq ene, AABBDD “SN Our Arve) Aap Ago (AGA GA RAG a Ga Lan babA Sis ila ad.) Scanned with CamScanner neediot eonanns] & Index - = E> 3 (im both string) f catdstn’s CS Cin buh Strings) i we never Consider them F Cletters come ot the same index then = Then why Asis taken ? [Angee DB ARBEBCDD ‘ index S129 AMOK) SS Tate the cross 3 A > “Now we can take, Right 72 go ¢ es > | att q Now code it > a = We LELLLCLUCCOCCCOUCCOCCCULLULUTUING 2D ucs f(aGi-J == bG-9 &f ilej)§ aeCIGI = 14 bP -OG-0; 3 els ef - APC WG) = may ae (iIG-0,) | 3 apli-] GI” Scanned with CamScanner order preserved Val Sceseee"5 isyo" fis a Subsequence of shing “by ) = Ay Te So Simply we can find the len of Leg in shing afb iF dength of LCs == leng of A return “tue else “return — false- But how length will decide 2 There is a possibility of getting the Les different . a: axy (8) > apxcry (6) Thun ics (0 — 05% (2,6)) — length ange [o-s] 3 Hence Jengt> will be Sufficieut Code 7 feeGint [[Tnitiolization for(int 21+ icmsi + ptt) f for(int je! FJSMAL jt) § if (af-d == bli-)§ Ap(iIGI = 1+ p-0G)-4: 5 aed bd IIIII2 else f opliIf I= max(4p[i-J Gf, 46IQ-d): $ si t = Apt; int 4 ce etuin true; ie (ics —— return false y Scanned with CamScanner Top» Erancaaal fn pe bebda cr (ole i. Tigi) odie a Zinsertions { @ insertions minimum = 2 insestions s= *aebebda" chang to LPS Longest palindromic Sulbsequence. abcha —» € 44 are removed I atide Les % transform owt & fa one ‘e’ can added one ‘d' can added So ewent Fi ow! 1° [p auotions = tt Jnsertions |" min. no. of deletions > Same code ao the fir LLLUtb L L L t U U t 5 f COUUVU VC Scanned with CamScanner pnileo Ho elom of pair: fo coat maith pnoai motives, Matsix Chain Multiplication © Matix chain Multiplication (Pcp) recursive @ McM memoization ® Mcm bottom- -up @® Printing.Mem , s © Evaluate expression to true / Boolean Parenthezization © Minionum/ maximum value of expression @ Patindromic Partitioning ® Scramble Sting © Egg Dropping problem» Scanned with CamScanner T Wa ee eed ede ef ee od sd id fed cd eh hp ii CUCUUVUUU Eee EEL ee == t UTA J “| J “| J | Ut J TUT © string or array will be given. ; ® You will get the feeling of breaking the array [ sting olde solving the problem. asm TTT ti 145 ata Kk will move ito ¥ ene D & > \ ay ise sock peep os ans (4 a j © sun isk) an fon Cet) © Ar of temp ane fae Sr VS qundion otter $ we will get suv ancwer. Scanned with CamScanner | 3 format =z int solve(int awCI, int i, int pF IFCiB]) —> Tig nay be diferent {yr other questions veturn o,; for(int kei 5 18000 + gooo 7 ? ze Hey 2800 SS A pst Theme wart | Scanned with CamScanner GOLUCULCUCUTTICOTTCTTT TA anf}= (40,20, 30, 10,30 nS [l= {#0,20, 30,10 od then (n-t) matrices will be given Ay — 40x20 : ‘ 3 fap onli} « onl Ar — 20X30 1 A3 —> 30x10 Ay —> 10X30 How fo identify 2 whether this problem is based on the qormat given by adity a verma | Came here we have tm put brackets (Avs Ad), Ai As) (As As) Ar (2 (AsAq)) So we are putting the brackéle Ai,(A2A3 Aq) >t (et eye 3 Selec rhuuimaion cook Scanned with CamScanner een a f 1 ' 3 owl] = [¢0[ 20 [ao] 0 30] eo i deatvix ais anr[i-i}¥ am(iJ = an(o-i] xaw(o] =aw(-1]#ar[oq — > (-I) index is not vatid Hence we con't take"; at positim o Se we Nawe tp take i from ist And Now cheek *j' A> onl] * ar(jJ 3 ow[4 -] ¥ aw [4] > aw[s] ¥ an [4] WZ Tins wreck. $0 i=, jearrsizec)-) Scanned with CamScanner PIII III IIT TTI IT eee oy? 9? 72 int solve (int awCJ, int iy int 5) § /I Base Qndition if (i 254 ___-_, if means “l 1. element ast Aj=ar[i-i]*arrl iy” ome —— Ths is invalid so array Should be at leat of size 2: ’ j (Ge, Bo, 10, 89) | 4 | vetum 03 $ 40k kt ey ° aout? orn! ye¥se i J ( 4, DO gon. OF 30) v : jr k kt tej 4o%?°. EMPTY SET { otse CG Y sf \o oo 39 & ck =j “) AG © gn worst case, we can make (h-t) Partitions nfl 4 partition 1) qi ig Jj 2) Base Condition 3) qind “FE loop 4) Apply gun(temphn); int —Solve- sting sini; tet) Scanned with CamScanner @ gre base condition t (ie is (ies) if izJj) 1 , . ¢ retum 0; seg covtano ont ae charade Hence 207? pavition hefere Ho we have fo check, after partition) if we are getting the Pi if (isPundrome(s, i,j) == Tue) return 03 § NOT eg BLE 75 a Scanned with CamScanner atindromic string or not wenn rrr aodadadagadd CUGUUUVUVUUU EEO E ED Lae 66 LUT Go LG! J VULLLE for(int FEI 5 Reaja i +4) { int tempAns = Solve Cs, i) E+ Solve(S, et, + nea mini = min (mini, ternpAns)) t return. mini ; Scanned with CamScanner I — | seo memoizatim—s R.c. + nitik” to the recursive solution, Vand j ave changing \ I I So 0 <11) ¢le00 dp[ooilfool}; int static dp (ioo') [iso]; int solve (stving s, int 1, int j) f if(i<=j) vetui 0; if Cispatindrome GS.i,5) vetum 0; if( apGhIGI f= -19 yetuin dp(iJ 1; for(i int mi nt kei s ke=ja; k+t) § tewpAns = Solve (s, i,k) + Solve (S,k+1,5) + ao ni = min (rnini, tempAns) 5 dp (3G = mini ; return dp (IGP int mainO f mer iii i mset (Apr “ts sizeof Cap); int mini = INT-MAX ; Scanned with CamScanner Ve We eof eed ede PAST IIIIO Ase : suit of eroiazerak; sd 2 10% ae: aloes fwo recursive calls See, hoes In the {ov ‘loop » we are calting but ° nn check the lett part solve (& ir E) means welll check if the let port has the vesult then We can Store it else we'll call the solvefSrjrt solve (s,11 6) “and stove the result of it in lett and le pest Stored in dp- Hf (4p0Tf) |= 7) UUVUUVUCIUT TTY oa lett = ap(i3CK; > else _ left = solve(s.iik) ; ml iJfel = left jo ~_ dp(iTfel = lef “Te aa if (dpe Gj] = -10 ophini2et — vit = op OQ); — ele We > tight = solve(s. Kt1,5); Gi ~_ ortvenn CSTE] = right a = “int ter Siig 2 I+ lett > ee Lotte | pe rght t CUTT TTT Scanned with CamScanner Shing S= “T or F and T ” \ a ss* TAF§T i} Shing — aa se f characters shing will be made up Ni ate ct thee combinalions 3 symbol ']o3 “ Now toak is to dind the number of ways uch that we Can pp insert brackets and ee" expression would be true. sete aT — (T1F)47 Ti(FET) 7. a-TlF “i = qc 4TAF) + Ie ke Is moving (TIS 15) ee , Scanned with CamScanner + cr or oF or EF FE oF a “a “a ot ou on oy a oI a Ny a n FE — v CUVVUUUUUUTLEL £ D AOC CCET > { d VULULEUGT OE 5 7 AF) k Expression _| operator Expression FE means, f& will always at operador 4 steps :- © find 1 > TIFETA EF dl ® Base Condition (t or F and T) xor (F) 7 \ Gr ED . EH fej ¢ Cpe’) bt FA gk kt toy ——+ No conflict Scanned with CamScanner expi [ror ] exp? No. of ways of ‘True’ 9 (test True * Right Fale + lettFabe % Right Tne rsaadddaad., PIOUS dlddolel Means we have find the ways tp -¢it ee oe Tree on well ao Faloe- erpt fxor J expa J]Boe condition iFCi>j) vetum foe if(i=-J)@ f if (isTue == tne) agum S[i] == °T'; \ eee funn s[iJ-= °F" VECLUCUCOCLUTUUCCUCT TV eevee xo) A \ eS) pene ep my ke oe ate 9 { os keit! bej-l fete fpr (int Feith s Keay Ere 2)f int leftTue < Solve (s,i» »T) : int leftFalse = Solve(s y tet, FD)" int vightTwue = Selve(sr etl sj. 7): int right False = Selve(s, et!,j- FD: ) I] for ond opevaksr if ([kJ == °$') I] No. ef ways fr Tue if (isTrue == Tne) 4 For Tre ans ycdetfTrue * aight rw; ur RT ene i +=(leffTiue # right False for Fale right Tine # leftFalse ie « + Lt RT leftFalse * vight False) > LE RE I eee Scanned with CamScanner 2 Tomphr: 4 fo or operatuy else iF (std oe WS if ( isTrue == true) f ons += (lept True x prightFolse + lePtFolse * right True a Jett Tvue * right Prue) ; Gedesddadae? a else ¢ ans += eftFalse + wight False ; 5 Rs Oe operator $ else if (s[k] == 'n‘) § if (is True == true) § ans + = (lefffrue *& vrightFalse Uh leftFalse * aight Tru e)) 5 else j ans # = (leftTrue « TightTrue + left False * tight False ) ; Be eae a mmm GGL. Scanned with CamScanner » [ead ves} Whenever we are creating dimension of the table depends variables changing in the fanctio Tp ant a oP. ¥A-table then the BHE on the number of n coll In the recursive code for(int keiti i keej-ts ket) f int leffTrue = Solve(s,i, &-1, true); int telettfalse = Solve (S,i1 le-l false) ; int right True = Solve (S, Ett, J» true); int vAght false = Solve (8, K+, j+ false); MULLLOLLOLUUOVEU ELE LELY j 4 No. of Meee a+ “ 60D or T's Pe Changing | chan qin' variables ave 3° (2 on changing) Bo matrix will_be aa a ae) isTrue Jet's Sup pose constrains ave :- 0 col the function LTTE adel lee ee el ill ee eee Scanned with CamScanner fa ‘= as BS 2s v ve veouvvvuUuUuLUULyLEeLvuyvyyyyyy int Solve ( string s, int i, int j, bool isTrue) f FCP >5) veturn tue; if (==) § if (isTrue == tre) yetunn SJ ==°T' else veturn S[i] == °F‘; $ UI New code (map) sting temp = ‘t-string(*) ‘temp. push-back (" "); mean temp. append (td_string(j)); ey creation ‘temp. push - back (*° “); temp push append Costing (is Fue)), Tey shel if (mp.tind (temp) \= mp. end()) return mp(temp] 2 int ans=o; for (int ke itty kaj; kte2) § int Jefffrue = solve (S, 1, k-1, true); int leftFalse = Solve (S, 7, k-1, false); int vightTrue = Solve( s, ket ,J, true); int right False = Solvec 5, Ky j. false); j - Scanned with CamScanner New "¢' operator if (sj ==" €')§. if (isfrue == true) § ans += leftTrue * Tight Tues sef ans +f{(lefiTrue x igh‘ False) + (eft False right Tue) i (wiightFalce » left False); f 5 I for ‘| . operator eseif (S[k) =='1") § if (isTrue == true) f ans += (CleftTrue a Tight False) + (leftfalse * Tight True) + CleffTrue ¥ right Frue)); else § ane ++(left False vightfalse) ; f Scanned with CamScanner tye a OREN DONT MP MEN W WATE EY Eee ee UT EET eee Il For vat operator else iG s{kJ == a) if (isTrue == true) § ans += ((leftTrue * ight False) + (leftFalse * igptTrue)) j else { ans += (CleftFalse % right False’) + (left Prue +* vightTrue)) ; mp[temp] = ang; veturn mp(temp] ; sw) OMiqqn az st} of gl-nor to anbore lore > Scanned with CamScanner \ —a cejasmoini’ onsldoxd 4 2 acm ” [Semis] Given two Strings ‘a and ~b’ , ¢ér check wopaitor “Hey See Scrambled string or not. Tips a:~qreat” ofp = Fue “What is serembled shing 2 cs © Groh o binaey tree. ® You cannot make child of binary tree emphy great KON — Not allowed great * |_, So these are Scrambled sting You can break down in ony or we can de the swapping (a zero or more) times of the child web rodeo ca non-leaf nodes PPE LOLLLL LUE eeddddddddded., Scanned with CamScanner % ie great u x g gre at each leng Not allowed A ppro ach + LUUUULULULUUUYVYUUUUUL EL Scanned with CamScanner a—>b a(fint) b (fist) a(last) — b(srst a(Jast) — b (Jost) io “et orn sy bso] Salve Carb) a 7 V eaigr if (Solve (a.substy(0,i)_, b.substy (n-i agar 44 Fre (or a ‘ solve (a.substy(i,n-i) , bSubsh(o, i) 224 3 -_.. Tree S cose geet gheat Fok he if (solve(a-substy (oii), b.substy (0,1) =e true S) solve ( a. Subst (,n-i) i heuer Tin-i) == fue , et Pees Inoyp tqoua ot z os ¥ hos P tose Scanned with CamScanner DLAI TT I le el el el le eed a RPYLULLUULEUUL U t t COCUCVV VV Vv if (condition 1 == true | cmnettior -T ++ fe) yotum True UW Buse Gndition great orgreat g i (eat « 6 f(a § b ave omply)—>-vetumn 1M! oe if (a. compare (6) == 2) ae eae ia 7 ia Caz! 7 if (a-lengho <= ttun false; Final Gde int maing) § sting arb; cin >> a7> b; > if Ca.lengt() {= blength) —> vw fue? > Both emphy ——a “return fose — &qucl — ardum Trae Solve (ab); Scanned with CamScanner bool Selve (string a, sting b) § if (%Comparre (6) == a) reum tun: if ( a. length ¢=1) refum false; int n= a.length bool Prag = false; for (int d= 1 5 Ten-1 3 itt) § if (conditionl {condition IL) £ flags tree} break; J } vetum flag ; 3 Scanned with CamScanner ee ee i ee ee ee oe oe oe oe ee TTT Tae e Tee ea Ty. Ct ae > te Fa f passe ees [Sconbied sting meniced} E rsidevt eaiecord 63 Mee vate { te Uy present Before ———> cheek maf a — Colewlat. Atter ——» Stove value in map bool Solve (sing a, stting b) 4 if (a-Compare (b) == ag — vetum true; global map ~ yit eerste ns unordered -map string sky op } Changing variables —— 4 45 key > sing = Safecpe) oPs4 be string key = aj a a" key push back Cy a'a" key. append(6); = 27 @_b” iF(mp find (key) Je mp.erd()) § return mpl toy] int n= a-lengihog bool Aog= aie: for(int iets ie sitt) f if (condition II conditionI1){ flag =frue: i break; Gi 3 vem vs eeil = 9) J iat stentless tamil Scanned with CamScanner mem pater Gen no, of eggs ‘e' and number of floors ‘fi ->| olp =3 5 ae = * gail break 2 spedcthe critical floor such that ©99 tt Butsing J | asbek i Egg will ast breols Fl cl waseiiarave fam top th bettore then we have to find the minimum rusubor of attente ‘enuined tb identify the critical floor, [oie awe Bese Tees very See J ie TN tongs & O00 5 minimum no. of og cece attempts wisely eas, Best Technique, Stretegy S® we con start rem botom ftoor \ cawe & even if we dp the eg from bultom it will not break ahd we can we that, e949 again. OOOO OOo LULU Wekoddddddddd. Scanned with CamScanner JULULLELLLELUULCECCUCUUUUUUUUUe ee Th ec) and ~f! floors are giver then in worst case. ee regime e=3 +o we \S 60 we require 3 attemph in worst qu cane. e Now the main quition ]s —> qr 2B from here alse —— Vag vil Here, egg vill break, means sg i- we'll check for thae floor preaked| GD 695 Cha> reduced by 4) 19} avlod zo a shigg =< ane . d find FS [3 eprsenis the array 1) Base Condition [s| um) & loop Ae lv) ang e— tenp Sl ef ee ons P| k [et m where we can Start out dropping exercise 23 means’ gird thee & loop — & xe TH loop ary ear] foxr(k=I A ecy ea) Scanned with CamScanner [[Base Condition fink of the amallet valid Jopet e a if (e==0) we never tied om aor if(ecei) Seton Ff ‘if(eeet) ONY fo olt Soon! cooe WH last ror ae anor Garr | (f2-) mew fi =| CfecsomteF; pe ‘thresheld te will — Tenphns Solve Ce, f ooy ee Break emacs solve (e-1, E-) 4 k J Suppue f=20 pe reek ae OF Bry So meas 19,12 F beeak olf ONT and Hin \s pr Sure and set BF gist floor aR we fi ae eg break “87 sve So a) az star Rar Scanned with CamScanner — [solve (e, f-e) le 1) cI ror any EDT TERROR AACR. ~~ VEVVUUvvUvVUELETLULGULUULUYUYUYYUVUUYU UY | Int Solve (int e, int FY fr 4 Base Gnditin . if (f=r0 1) fe=!) eho fi if (e==! >) 7etum fi [ask | minimur 10. of atfemp ls in worst Core Wk loop int mn = INT-MAX; for(int Eel > Reef; RAN Sf ine temp = (Dt max Solve (er e-+),\ Solve Ce, f-b) : ach [terior one! wi jaye)" we om / 7 (awe we have to find in atte wont cant | Mn =_min(mn, temp); Don't get $ Minimum no. ef attempts .\ Confused +) teturn mn; Scanned with CamScanner matrix dimewion? nunber of Charging ryariable . Cn \ \ exf % e@ aud + ave drag MN gpbat declaration o table int ctadce =4le Je] int Solve (int e, int f, int dpCICDs EC fe20 Ue fea) retum f; f (eet) vetum f; “A (éple(e] (= 4 vetum dpe J [FI jut mn= INT-MAX; for(int k=l i Keef i ett) ys int temp= | + 0 ey. ; Solve (e.f-e) J’ mn = min (mn, temp), J retum dpe] [f] =n f GG a al al aa i Oo al a Scanned with CamScanner [optimization :- = af thio subbree is not Solved Solve (e, F) ==> Save (on me Then we wore aesuntd thot Tihese oth subbrees a7 not solved. BUT Thin io nat necessarily ne Tt can happen thet one of them hos been solved. | As it is (Copper cote) iF (aple-d [e-) !=-1) int low =dp[e-i) [e-4: else & low = Solve(er!l,k-; dp [e-(Ifet] = 10; if Cdpfeltp-) = - F int high = dp (eJ[f-I€)* t Jee Sa solve le, £-k)i Splel [f-¥J = highs \ut = [+ max (oe igh) i mn = min (mn, terp); a 3 > vetum dp(e] [f]= mm; Scanned with CamScanner AVUUUVUUUT TTI UU TUT drrererrer rir AF

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