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Classification of Nano Materials

Nano materials are substances that have at least one dimension sized between 1 to 100 nanometers. They are classified based on their origin, dimensions, and structural configuration. Nano materials have a wide range of applications including in electronics, medicine, environment, and agriculture due to their unique optical, electrical, and other properties that emerge at the nanoscale.

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Tasnood Anwar
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170 views14 pages

Classification of Nano Materials

Nano materials are substances that have at least one dimension sized between 1 to 100 nanometers. They are classified based on their origin, dimensions, and structural configuration. Nano materials have a wide range of applications including in electronics, medicine, environment, and agriculture due to their unique optical, electrical, and other properties that emerge at the nanoscale.

Uploaded by

Tasnood Anwar
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Nano materials

Introduction
Nano materials are cornerstones of nano science
and nanotechnology.
Nanostructure science and technology is a broad
and interdisciplinary area of research and
development activity that has been growing
explosively worldwide in the past few years.
It has the potential for revolutionizing the ways in
which materials and products are created and the
range and nature of functionalities that can be
accessed. It is already having a significant
commercial impact, which will assuredly increase in
the future.
What is nanomaterial?
• Nanoscale: generally, refers to the size scale of 1 – 100 nm in at
least one dimension.
• 1 nanometer (nm) = 10 m -9

How Small is 1 nanometer:


Nanomaterials:
• Nanoscale materials are defined as a set of substances where at least one dimension is less than
approximately 100 nanometers.

• A nanometer is one millionth of a millimeter - approximately 100,000 times smaller than the
diameter of a human hair.

• Nanomaterials are of interest because at this scale unique optical, magnetic, electrical, and other
properties emerge. These emergent properties have the potential for great impacts in electronics,
medicine and other fields
Classification of Nano materials
Classification of Nano materials based on their
origin :
❖ Natural Nano materials : Natural Nano materials are produced in nature either by
biological species or through anthropogenic activities. These Nano materials have
remarkable properties due to inherent nanostructures. Gold, silver, Iron oxide etc

❖ Artificial Nano Materials : Artificial Nano Materials are produced by mechanical


grinding, engine exhaust and smoke or are synthesized by physical, chemical or hybrid
method.

Natural Nano materials Artificial Nano materials


Classification of Nano materials on the basis of
dimensions :
❑ Zero dimensional : Zero dimensional
Nano materials which have all three
dimensions in Nano scale range.

❑ One dimensional : One dimensional


Nano materials which have any 2 out of
3 dimensions in Nano scale range.

❑ Two dimensional : These have any


one out of three dimensions in Nano
Scale range.

❑ Three dimensional : These are formed by


arrangement of multiple 0D, 1D or 2D
materials forming 3D structure.
Classification of Nano materials based on their structural
configuration :
▪ Carbon based : These Nano Materials are composed mostly of carbon, most commonly
taking the form of a hollow spheres, ellipsoids or tubes.

▪ Metal based : These Nano materials


include quantum dots, Nano gold,
Nano silver and metal oxides. Apart
from catalysis, metal Nano materials
are well known in other fields such
as pigments, electronic and magnetic
materials.
▪ Dendrimers : These types of Nano
materials are Nano sized polymers built from branched units.

▪ Composites : The composites may be any combination of metal based, or polymer


based Nano materials with any form of metal, ceramic or polymer bulk materials.
Applications of Nano materials
• The field of application of nano materials is very wide. Nano materials
are used in a variety of, manufacturing processes, products and
healthcare including paints, filters, insulation and lubricant additives. In
healthcare Nano zymes are nano materials with enzyme-like
characteristics. Some Major fields of application of nano materials
are-
I. Electronics
II. Medicine
III. Environment
IV. Agriculture
Applications of Nano materials :Electronics
• In electrical circuits-
I. Nanoparticles allow more transistors to be
packed into a single chip.
II. Uniform & single structure of nanotubes
allows higher electrical mobility .
• AS electrical cable and wire –
➢ Nanomaterials for carrying electrical current
may be fabricated from pure nanotubes and
nanotube polymer composites.
• Nano Ram-

Made by using carbon to create ultra high density


memory.
Nano RAM is universal memory chip suitable for
countless and new applications in the field of
electronics.
Applications of Nano materials : Medicine
• Drug delivery:
a) Nano particles used for site specific drug delivery
with smallest dose
b) Targeted medicine reduces the drug consumption
and treatment expenses, making the treatment of
patients cost effective.
• Medicinal implants :
Nano-crystalline silicon carbide (SiC) used for
artificial heart valve due to its low weight, high
strength, corrosion resistance and extreme
hardness.
• Nano medicine & diagnostics:
➢ Quantum dots nano-crystal which glow with
fluorescence in uv light used as markers to
detect specific cells to diagnose cancer.
Applications of Nano materials : Medicine
• USE of implantable biosensors:
➢ Implanted glucose sensors can be coupled with
an insulin release system and help sufferers of
diabetes control their sugar levels.

• Tissue Engineering:
➢ Nanomaterials used to reproduce or repair
damage tissues.
➢ Tissue engineering might replace today's
conventional treatment like organ transplant or
artificial implants.
Applications of Nano materials : Environment
• Air pollution prevention:
a) Carbon nanotubes are being used in green
house emission.
b) Carbon dioxide emission from industrial smoke
can be removed by using CNT based
membranes, nanostructured membranes.
Carbon Nanotubes

• Nanomagnets:
a)Used in air purifiers to remove indoor dust,
microorganism, formaldehyde and other volatile
organic pollutants.
b) Remove soil contaminants.
Applications of Nano materials : Environment
• Water pollution prevention :
a)Nanosolvents are used to remove organic and
inorganic pollutants from water.
b) Nano ion exchange resins used in water purification.
c) Nanomembranes filters contaminants from water
cheaply and effectively also filter bacteria due to nano
size.
Applications of Nano materials : Agriculture
I. Nanoformulations of agrochemicals for
applying pesticides and fertilizers for crop
improvement.
II. The application of nanosensors in crop
protection for the identification of
diseases.
III. Nano devices for the genetic engineering
of plants.
IV. Plant disease diagnostics.

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