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Java Unit 5

Exceptions in Java represent errors or unexpected events that disrupt normal program flow. There are several best practices for handling exceptions: 1) Use checked exceptions for recoverable errors and unchecked exceptions for programming errors. 2) Throw exceptions as close to the error source as possible for easier debugging. 3) Provide informative error messages to help users diagnose and fix problems. 4) Use finally blocks to perform cleanup code like closing files or releasing resources.

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10 views

Java Unit 5

Exceptions in Java represent errors or unexpected events that disrupt normal program flow. There are several best practices for handling exceptions: 1) Use checked exceptions for recoverable errors and unchecked exceptions for programming errors. 2) Throw exceptions as close to the error source as possible for easier debugging. 3) Provide informative error messages to help users diagnose and fix problems. 4) Use finally blocks to perform cleanup code like closing files or releasing resources.

Uploaded by

anonymous
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Handling Error / Exceptions

Basic Exceptions
In Java, an exception is an event that occurs during the execution of a program
that disrupts the normal flow of instructions. Exceptions can be caused by various
factors, such as user input, invalid data, or hardware failure. In Java, exceptions are
objects that are instances of a subclass of the `Throwable` class.

Proper use of exceptions


Use checked exceptions for recoverable errors: If an error is recoverable,
meaning that the program can take action to correct the error, use a checked
exception. This forces the caller of the method to handle the exception, which
can lead to more robust code.

Use unchecked exceptions for programming errors: If an error is caused by a


programming mistake, such as a null pointer reference or an array index out of
bounds, use an unchecked exception. This makes it clear that the error is not
recoverable and should be fixed in the code.

Throw exceptions as close to the source of the error as possible: When an error
occurs, it's important to throw the exception as close to the source of the error
as possible. This makes it easier to pinpoint the cause of the error and to fix the
problem.

Provide informative error messages: When you create an exception, make sure to
provide an informative error message that explains what went wrong and how to
fix the problem. This can help users of your program to diagnose and fix errors
more easily.

Use finally blocks for cleanup code: If you need to perform some cleanup code, such
as closing a file or releasing a resource, use a finally block. This block will be
executed regardless of whether an exception was thrown or not.

User defined Exceptions


User-defined exceptions are custom exceptions that you can create to handle
specific error scenarios in your Java programs. To define a user-defined exception in Java,
you need to create a new class that extends the `Exception` class or one of its subclasses,
such as `RuntimeException`.

Catching Exception:
The `try-catch` block is used to catch exceptions that may be thrown during
program execution. The `try` block contains the code that may throw an exception, and
the `catch` block is used to handle the exception if it is thrown. You can also `catch`
multiple types of exceptions using multiple catch blocks.

Throwing and re-throwing:


If you encounter an error that you can't handle in your code, you can use the
throw statement to `throw` an exception. This can be useful when you want to provide
more specific information about an error. You can also re-throw exceptions that you've
caught, to let a higher-level method handle the exception.

Cleaning up using the finally clause:


Finally, the `finally` clause can be used to clean up resources or perform other
tasks that should always be executed, whether or not an exception is thrown. The code
in the `finally` block will be executed after the `try` or `catch` block, regardless of
whether or not an exception is thrown.

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