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    Atmosphere

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    Pankaj kumar
    The atmosphere extends up to 1000 km from Earth's surface but contains 99% of its mass within 32 km. It is composed primarily of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon. The atmosphere is divided into five main layers - the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, ionosphere, and exosphere. The troposphere extends from Earth's surface to about 18 km at the equator and 8 km at the poles, containing over 90% of the atmosphere's gases and all weather phenomena. Above this lies the stratosphere, extending from the tropopause to 50 km, where temperature increases with height due to ozone absorption of UV radiation.

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    Atmosphere

    Uploaded by

    Pankaj kumar
    9 views2 pages
    The atmosphere extends up to 1000 km from Earth's surface but contains 99% of its mass within 32 km. It is composed primarily of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon. The atmosphere is divided into five main layers - the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, ionosphere, and exosphere. The troposphere extends from Earth's surface to about 18 km at the equator and 8 km at the poles, containing over 90% of the atmosphere's gases and all weather phenomena. Above this lies the stratosphere, extending from the tropopause to 50 km, where temperature increases with height due to ozone absorption of UV radiation.

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    The atmosphere extends up to 1000 km from Earth's surface but contains 99% of its mass within 32 km. It is composed primarily of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon. The atmosphere is divided into five main layers - the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, ionosphere, and exosphere. The troposphere extends from Earth's surface to about 18 km at the equator and 8 km at the poles, containing over 90% of the atmosphere's gases and all weather phenomena. Above this lies the stratosphere, extending from the tropopause to 50 km, where temperature increases with height due to ozone absorption of UV radiation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    9 views2 pages

    Atmosphere

    Uploaded by

    Pankaj kumar
    The atmosphere extends up to 1000 km from Earth's surface but contains 99% of its mass within 32 km. It is composed primarily of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon. The atmosphere is divided into five main layers - the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, ionosphere, and exosphere. The troposphere extends from Earth's surface to about 18 km at the equator and 8 km at the poles, containing over 90% of the atmosphere's gases and all weather phenomena. Above this lies the stratosphere, extending from the tropopause to 50 km, where temperature increases with height due to ozone absorption of UV radiation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    Atmosphere

    Atmosphere

    ™ The atmosphere extends to about 1000 km from the surface

    of the earth. But 99% of the total mass of the atmosphere is

    found within 32 km
    Composition of the Atmosphere
    (i) Nitrogen–78%, (ii) Oxygen–21%, (iii) Argon–0.93%, (iv) Carbon

    dioxide–0.03%, (v) Neon–0.0018%, (vi) Helium–0.0005%,

    (vii) Ozone–0.006%, (viii) Hydrogen–0.0005%.

    Water vapour is the most significant component of the

    atmosphere as far as its effect on weather is concerned

    although its quantity varies considerably from practically

    none (0) to up to about 4% by volume

    ™ Dust intercepts and reflects incoming insolation.

    ™ Dust in the atmosphere contributes to the red and orange

    colour of sunrise and sunset

    Structure of the

    Atmosphere
    Troposphere

    ™ This is the first layer of the atmosphere. It extends to a hheight

    of 18 km at the equator and 8 km at the poles

    ™ In this layer temperature decreases with height. It contains

    more than 90% of gases in the atmosphere.

    ™ At every 165 m, there is a drop of 1°C (or 6.4°C per km). This

    is called Normal Lapse Rate of Temperature.

    ™ Tropopause separates Troposphere from Stratosphere.

    ™ All weather phenomena such as condensation, precipitation

    and storms, etc. occur in the troposphere only.

    ™ The height at which the temperature stops decreasing is called

    Tropopause. Here the temperature may be as low as –58°C

    Stratosphere
    ™ The Stratosphere extends up to about 50 km, where

    Stratopause separates it from the mesosphere.

    ™ In this layer, the temperature increases with increase in

    height. This phenomenon is known as temperature inversion.

    ™ The temperature rises in this layer from about 60°C

    at Stratopause.

    ™ The part of the stratosphere, in which there is a concentration

    of ozone, is often called Ozonosphere.

    ™ This is the second layer of the atmosphere. It extends from

    the Tropopause to about 50 km.

    ™ Temperature increases due to the absorption of the

    ultraviolet radiation of the Sun by ozone present in this layer.

    ™ It provides idle flying conditions for large jet planes.

    ™ The end of the Stratosphere is called the Stratopause.

    Mesosphere

    ™ Above the stratosphere lies the mesosphere.

    ™ The mesosphere extends to a height of 80 km.

    ™ Here the temperature decreases again, falling as low as –90°C.

    ™ The end of this layer is known as the Mesopause.

    ™ It is considered the coldest layer of the atmosphere.

    Ionosphere

    Ionosphere is located above the mesosphere and extends

    up to about 600 km.

    ™ This layer is also called as ionosphere because it contains

    electrically charged ions that reflect the radio waves back to

    the earth thus making radio communication possible.

    Exosphere and Magnetosphere

    ™ The outermost part of the atmosphere of the earth is called exosphere.


    ™ This zone of the atmosphere extends up to a height

    of about 900 km.


    ™ The outer part of the exosphere is called magnetosphere.

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