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NOTES Life Processes

Life processes include nutrition, respiration, transportation, excretion, and reproduction. Nutrition provides organisms with energy, growth, and repair through autotrophic or heterotrophic means. Respiration breaks down food molecules to obtain energy, either aerobically with oxygen or anaerobically without it. Transportation moves substances like water, minerals, sugars, oxygen, and waste throughout organisms via circulatory or vascular systems. Excretion removes metabolic waste through specialized organs.

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130 views2 pages

NOTES Life Processes

Life processes include nutrition, respiration, transportation, excretion, and reproduction. Nutrition provides organisms with energy, growth, and repair through autotrophic or heterotrophic means. Respiration breaks down food molecules to obtain energy, either aerobically with oxygen or anaerobically without it. Transportation moves substances like water, minerals, sugars, oxygen, and waste throughout organisms via circulatory or vascular systems. Excretion removes metabolic waste through specialized organs.

Uploaded by

Pavani Dhagat
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© © All Rights Reserved
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NOTES

CHAPTER: LIFE PROCESSES [CLASS 10]


BIOLOGY
 Life processes are the essential activities performed by living organisms to
maintain their existence.
 These processes are necessary for growth, development, reproduction, and
survival.
 Life processes include nutrition, respiration, transportation, excretion, and
reproduction.

II. Nutrition: A. Definition: -

Nutrition is the process by which organisms obtain and utilize nutrients for
energy, growth, and repair. B. Types of Nutrition:

1. Autotrophic Nutrition: - Autotrophs (e.g., green plants) produce their


own food through photosynthesis. - They convert sunlight, carbon dioxide,
and water into glucose and oxygen. - Glucose is used as an energy source.

2. Heterotrophic Nutrition: - Heterotrophs (e.g., animals) obtain food from


external sources. - They ingest, digest, and assimilate complex organic
compounds for energy.

C. Modes of Nutrition in Plants: 1. Photosynthesis: Conversion of light


energy into chemical energy. 2. Parasitic Nutrition: Obtaining nutrients from
other living organisms. 3. Saprophytic Nutrition: Obtaining nutrients from
dead organic matter.

III. Respiration:

A. Definition: - Respiration is the process by which organisms obtain energy


from the breakdown of food molecules.

B. Types of Respiration: 1. Aerobic Respiration: - It occurs in the presence of


oxygen. - Glucose is completely broken down into carbon dioxide and
water, releasing energy. 2. Anaerobic Respiration: - It occurs in the absence
of oxygen. - Glucose is partially broken down, producing lactic acid or
ethanol and carbon dioxide. - It releases less energy compared to aerobic
respiration.

C. Respiration in Plants and Animals: - Plants respire through stomata in


leaves and lenticels in stems. - Animals respire through specialized organs
like lungs, gills, or body surfaces.

IV. Transportation:

A. Definition: - Transportation is the process of moving substances within


an organism's body.

B. Transportation in Plants: 1. Xylem: Transports water and minerals from


roots to leaves through capillary action and transpiration pull. 2. Phloem:
Transports sugars (sap) from leaves to other parts of the plant.

C. Transportation in Animals: 1. Circulatory System: Transports oxygen,


nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body. 2. Blood:
Contains red blood cells (carry oxygen), white blood cells (fight infections),
and platelets (clotting).

V. Excretion: A. Definition: - Excretion is the process of removing metabolic


waste products from the body. B. Excretory Organs in Plants and Animals: 1.
Plants: Excrete excess water and waste gases through stomata and lenticels.
2. Animals: Excrete metabolic wastes through specialized organs like
kidneys, lungs, and skin.

VII. Summary:

 Life processes are essential for the survival and maintenance of living
organisms.
 Nutrition provides energy and nutrients for growth and repair.
 Respiration releases energy from food molecules.
 Transportation enables the movement of substances within organisms.
 Excretion removes waste products from the body.

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