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Function Equation

The document discusses function equations and derives properties of functions f1(x) and f2(x) based on their behavior under addition and multiplication. It considers cases where the functions have a polar form with r(x) and theta(x) components or are simply real valued functions. The key results are expressions for r(2x) and theta(2x) in terms of r(x) and theta(x), and the determination that theta(x) must be of the form kx or a constant.

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Frédéric Chopin
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10 views3 pages

Function Equation

The document discusses function equations and derives properties of functions f1(x) and f2(x) based on their behavior under addition and multiplication. It considers cases where the functions have a polar form with r(x) and theta(x) components or are simply real valued functions. The key results are expressions for r(2x) and theta(2x) in terms of r(x) and theta(x), and the determination that theta(x) must be of the form kx or a constant.

Uploaded by

Frédéric Chopin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Function equation

f1 (x + y) f2 (x − y) = f1 (x) f1 (y) f2 (x) f2 (−y)


Let
f1 (x) = r1 (x) eiθ1(x)
f2 (x) = r2 (x) eiθ2(x)
f1 (−x) = f1 (x)
r1 (−x) eiθ1(−x) = r1 (x) e−iθ1(x)

⇒ r1 (−x) = r1 (x) , θ1 (−x) = −θ1 (x)


Similarly, (−x) = r2 (x) , θ2 (−x) = −θ2 (x)
f1 (0) = 1 ⇒ r1 (0) = 1, θ1 (0) = 0
f2 (0) = 1 ⇒ r2 (0) = 1, θ2 (0) = 0
f1 (x + y) f2 (x − y) = f1 (x) f1 (y) f2 (x) f2 (−y)
Put x = y
f1 (2x) = (f1 (x))2 f2 (x) f2 (−x)
r1 (2x) eiθ1(2x) = (r1 (x))2 e2iθ1(x)·r2 (x) eiθ2(x)·r2 (−x) eiθ2(−x)
r1 (2x) eiθ1(2x) = (r1 (x))2 (r2 (x))2 e2iθ1(x)
⇒ r1 (2x) = (r1 (x))2 (r2 (x))2
θ1 (2x) = 2θ1 (x)
1
Similarly, put x = −y

⇒ r2 (2x) = (r1 (x))2 (r2 (x))2


θ2 (2x) = 2θ2 (x)
Therefore, we can write θ (2x) = 2θ (x), and sort
this into two cases.

Case 1: θ (x) = kxn


for some k ̸= 0
k (2x)n = 2kxn 2nkxn = 2kxn n = 1
θ (x) = kx, k ̸= 0
Case 2: θ (x) = Aabx
Aa2bx = 2abx x = 1b loga b
1
θ (x) = Aab· b loga 2 = 2A
⇒ θ (0) = 2A
A=0
Again, we separate this into two cases

Case 1:
f1 (x) = r1 (x) eiθ1(x) = r1 (x) eikx+2nπ
f2 (x) = r2 (x) eiθ2(x) = r2 (x) eikx+2nπ
for some k ̸= 0, n ∈ Z
2
Case 2:
f1 (x) = r1 (x)
f2 (x) = r2 (x)
Therefore,
(f1, f2)
=( ei(2x+2nπ), ei(2x+2nπ))
or
( a|x|ei(2x+2πn), a|x|ei(2x+2πn))
or
2 2
= ax ei(kx+2nπ), ax ei(kx+2nπ))
for some a > 0, k ∈ R, n ∈ Z

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