TP rhe pond contained no alk , the bottom Layer earl he leaq denpe “than the top layex ae the heated wabty the pond | mopt o fit e bottom of the fund. Fall Layer theer fonedangetoyey would Gen wipe up&the u EER wou —* Bak the pak dentity difference Keepp the loyer'g of the scldr pont pepowete. Q > The denger pak water ab the betters prevents -cre peok being traophersed acoTthke “cep layer of Pwegh uate® by padresol convection due te dich the temperate ey the [wer leyew moy Tipe be oh MACK ag AS°C bo LOC Advantages Ne Eaviavame nt frendly eneayy 7 9° pollution 2. Readable energy Poce . “a. stmaep hheak, Fo ik con be ued SQK FF 365 G. Can be congbwcted, accosding ace weyarsermenla Ss. Lew maintenance cont. Selaw Cell. LL. Component $ of Sclax cell pypternt- Ci) photeveltaic cell» Semiconductor mackeviod “that qenewte voltage & oreert When expoped ty gaobight is) Modules pV cell worrwed Together 2 laminated P s bedueen a cleae Peat glaeing &enca pprlating qubgtwake. Wii) Arwwoys One ow Mowe modules usin, mounting ° havduare 2 wistd ctegethe ys af pectic vattege, ww Choage conbsalley Power ~ cond Henig eqaipment te 5 equi e hottesy vartege. QW) Battery promge . A medium Tht greg direct Lrerek Cyc) Clhectsro® energyy > Wi) avevtex. An electrics. device “that Chagey DC -tsAC to opembe loads thd seyhrep AC qAgpiianreg , mete ®§ R eguipmenk pe ed by AC. Wii) AC toad = Appliances ,mstwep & cetiprenk pour 2) of Silicm Solar cells Anti-ve Plective coating Solar wyR 1 Front contact BSS. n-type pbttale To P-type pubstoate Back contact Figuse. 22. “element of PV cell. The elemeate ofa polar cell Jt depombed in Hgese 22 The Patlowsiry owe bogic elements (j)_sobatete; Tt pan onpoliphed potype voafey eRewsed Co oe powegion bape poate. “The enpostant- parameter te be Kept in mind whe ChOBIAg & wefes fue polar cell ase itp owientction , seepintivity 7 Thicenesg & doping: Wafer may PC Binge cwyttabtine ow maw} ory paling, Ci)__Ematters the emitter uonmbion favalvep the doping of Bille csith peata valeck Yoperitie’ Gath aB PHepPhomed s Se PEN A ode ed TA Se ests phogphewg ip the widely uped Jenpasity” stockh dae th 4 A) Ele ccaicl qgatactO: Tt budge the comnection Oo, een the pemiconductow cheat & The extemal electral Load. Et includes -on dar tre ie y Dk ihe motets back . Th atk cornbact of. & cell ie located on the pide away Pao Ere Tacoming guatight Zi webectively “Pimple. Tey Loyer made of olamintunr cr moby bdensen mm Cove sing & Fan contacts “The Poon contact T5p located” on the Bade facing The Dignk pousce 2 iy mow Complicated , when Jight eq onthe Belew cell ao barrent of etectant flows NET The preface, Te contactg oe attached ok “the edyeg af the cell , FE aitl nok Lek uselt due “tothe. q xe clecttco®. seqigtane oh the top femicenduct™™ loys, anby & penal camber of clectorB coitt sma e tt co tine Contact - : 7 ; Aoki -veflectie coating: Et ip apphied ts meduce puwface we Hection Be main ze cell ek hicrenty in goler geet & pilin polar cell 7 TE alloy mere fight tee each THE pemiconduc —tos file Layer 2 AN CwEABING polar cell efficiency - © & Solar cell compiptd ak pemicemdacore motels 1. Steen smog popler poaktviet re Foler cella @ Menocey HaMing o¢ Ping® ewygtel silicon di) Muti -esyptaline PiWeom Git) Poly caxypiabind qlee Qs) Preaesphot gilt con ; (x) Copper indiver 61 galonide CCuleSey WD Cadmiuca ceblbuadeCcare) - XL. Tha lent This file golor celle ure leyers of Peciendtr materials andy a fers micameterGi) Rove lea Gi) Building facades . Ge) tering die gle hight fe Pwo. Ci) Cayptadline silicon celle 1 The meduleg nave bong | Lifetioe C20 yrawg ormowe) & their beg } peo dacs eRPiciency WE approaching 187. i — @ Amsephsys Bicon Polar cells cheaper type af | polaw cell bat bege efficiency. Cote 1o7ly) Gi) Cadmiven Eekbede 2 copper Madiven ipelerides Lows copt & acceptable’ convenient EEG en @) gh - cihiaesy Polax Cella’. gattium arpenide, jadiven — phogehide hag high eRPictenay, vped Aer powers qateMitea oe gyttee operate unde high ~intenPity concentrabed Gundighh (18-25% practiced eR ficiency )- ©. Gelex Cell perfasmance. Eo analysing the cell pesquemance the photowltslC Prceve of polar cell can be moe ledled ag ow pnacee Bropic Eqpivelend: cioosit ag Fhaon in figueee | ad- = => 2 - Re = a Light alee volte: (I ee ee Spare Figarte a3: Equine creat of photovattai ¢ cellReTErAnce’ including . : d [eo anction weptytance Ry ®. Trkeowe puck swe pi ptances ay. Dakeined pedep wepiptance Rs &. ahem. phot Rs Capacitance Cs SE xktmet load wepigtance R. Rs Te Lexyer than Ri po thal mopt of the wm be delivered te load ot. pienplipied ciatait Ta Prown in Pere 24. Guailable Gessenk Ca Re iB Leag Than R. ms r Figure 24. S Yonplitied Eytivedert cet QQ PVce\) Load axed T= Tp-ty . : | ety mane) | Tyererepge gebecton cerrend Vo weltep doclped/ ag phitd aceoag the yanction. e= electorn charge lee Balk zmanng coagtat £ T= abpolite temperncuse | vader pPrect wait condition Noo & De=XFs Under open civil cation P50 , matey Open = ci AL voltage becomed Noe, P= xq ~ 1. [eroCVer)-) Avelaiey open cheat conditinng , Tso, \eVoc.S\. Tov characteristics ef Polar cells. “The Voltage oukped of a cell pin qeace, can be obtained ag N= Cee) lege {y+ GeDyx} a _ Baktesy oe eye Asc fe a or oy oy Cell cudpab volbye fy) Voc Rigatics Bav Chanactenghe of toler cell endey eli pyenent Whimineion levelp. AL The phoct cimit ouerl (sc) Ve the crewed i posduced. vshen The popit & -ve terminate athe | cell axe Proct Hcyywited 2 -the wo ttage hefueen Cha Lemminely 12 ZOO ich covwenpundg ‘to o lead i yeqigtance of SES Boi The open ciao voltage (toc) iy the ae ache “the pontive & negqetye teaming undew Open = CHAE amditione when the cases jg 2er, | hich corweppends Ara lead we pigtaace of ingintty «|Celt coktpad powes , P= FAV oud ytd -pouer dependg anche \abae of load wepistance pee & given Qient whentaty - lp [Ee- 2s Leve Cev /er) ~ ¥ev bO Be ee ec et 6a Maximum Outp power eh-the cell atifotisty ep ® wer V &e Pest tre - dewtive Go Ze. srao pot Ne Nep av O-[re-te Cee (emp fer) ~ Tyner siendent (ai Can be Stowrss ed af. \eee SP hex \\+ eNNp bel = as Tafa) + €) xt Figuxty, TU Chosactesebie of decd folorreQl , The lead cosaent Cup trek mogion eg the. opal poueye Can be abo [ee S Jerr | fier) Tune fc (xe) | -©efficiensy Y= Moxa mum outta pawes- Enexgy convection Jrealiance Xawea. \q i? “the Pollowinp perfearance paramebeag art obtained fare the TV Chen tewenyg Noc= OOM , Vscs RT L NipeOS & Tap aasd, colette Al\ factor Qrthe cel. No aa ? Faw factoe Nine xu Noo & Ese. ees Oo SK SY ob XT = O-3A9) Gay Cewtain Selaw cell type hepan oxbptk Capability of os A ab oN - Agpeme trade a a aweay Of poch cally ith loo pasailel gbhingt each giving GIT aro Celle in pemeye jqrtbo beGaildiap Up. Wha GIN be “the (Na oa", N ANA 5e oof in ge 7 t a Rewep, Np=3vs gives deka No of pawthed Usirp » Np = loo Neltaye G ome cet = OV =Ve \ given date : Gucrenk of one cell wo-spetc) of awry ond Vettage ) Ve = NexVe = Bos Kok. Nas Lao oe ocwny ode eucmen Tas Npx Te = los Xo oe Army odd power, po Vax Fa = lao 4S = boreW Pee eu) 83> A certain 120V, 60H2 AC meteor iE te be powered by galas cell ab nigNe vy a \29 Convertes ip available e PRacienty inde pes meter hap oe be army peside? dead No public obit away casiep ~the day & Wey» A QC to AC ~trect Changed tthe away DC & ante law, 402 AC usith doy. i load Pape angle ,ohle | Oc sepiptance doo Sor cee ee oP O-3H - Howe mach PINOT ect magh! Gir Dd Taductve weacta nce Jo = ARGL =AnrerxO3 ah restoMotor Greent JT -aw Power drama by mst Pa= ER =C0345 Sy ae = Ga oe woe Pro VE Osh = yrs RB 2033s¥Nox Bo a Sra : Ree Gaaw - Hence-, awry Peer ainped- proce of, moter = Po Gad Sn. oy 8) A Sola cell awsry it BEyired te BeDec Sault peace otpte vt lacy OC bag vortage “The foley cella * be ged Ase aected Seo.) WI peak odo Gv. Ag mirp std “these ase ao agfembly Vernes & define “the osary, pven Sl, Moximumn poe wip oF each Cell Peso dw chee Leb Ny = PotD nucnbes of polar cells, Nesp? | | nO yy ger aoe) | rpend cote pour gq omry Pmae= loo WSR — Pew ~o Hence Ne = a = i =\low cells y Mamter of cellp in fenee Ne = fey steed wtsae lve) Nap ic ~ peo. iver Ne mone =30s celle | | ate \ i | t J; ae per te Qytiga ae a decitieon muet be be taken +e ae pare theR ebsoge - ee cicuucy Soy cevth Np=4 Nyp=209 5 & Pan Ores ade uit Nps Ny= 158 & Pas qoonrl = IW Qs ee een beat pee are ptcen FR to Fiqeea. Agiure Thee the bake hae newly AsV Ete loadg tee ag polos 2 Lead Tpa Cowbtan® power load ated” sowA SPW combionrouply - dey night. a Lead ip an electaic moter uniter pump thet perme tier Lime ory Ares Vy ence befes® Funwipe » ce qear neon RK once ofter quepred S Jeng viartiep Goowed of doh Aow Se aay peeent ok Ge An. 7 Leads. an pied e ja gertme ct hed speastes appernimadedy — SNERY Ak gus 6min pao & night daamg a coment of BA. R x! Rane RoR Rare Pipes.al) Load 2- Caxwent’ dean by Lee a by lead, T= t Paso L as . Thog, boadt = Dx here = aA‘ALK = YEAH € lead B- At Shetty 27 armen KAA SS = Bow hg lead = Be0AB ~ 0% Ah ca hoo & = Ab wonry = ay lhyGA = ldAh- Load 3- : eon > Tagan Tae opesuted. Aer den yaa -h dey 7 nigh : : borin = ori Lets = VSR ONDE F 6A « we) 3 Grabined load = Load A} ead + lest 3 = 4S AH goet lat a6 a eonbired Load Gearexe NE = Cormbired load Avenged G 5 Qt, how — bab | T= Se ea | ant aah arly | Hence , load = DAK ASN = OFWy Peale cane NE earn THR Iyodtte xy C- B p= \+aAct > = ashy Dat ene _ & Golar cally fete av a + PAY axe Q ads rh iP each cell hap % Hameker of BIS inches -dia = RAS jachep = S315 cm Linthe Seem, Y Namber of polar cellgqye the Grey Oxea ayied = SA = ABSm _ gegen? Ac as-6 om a5. equstmi ack cell Tpsk Pre dcmvacm & WH vated i ak OS (Vocy & SemAéA (Ysc) - BSrottesy Chasgias \ Velbge TpoSy -Whad crssend GH be obtained | tohen “hope Foe Commerted acaspa The lattesy? | Leb the exiakre mottersy vettage Be WSvolte 6 Abeta diode connected jn FENCE Letty “the battery Frage despeng wettage Quod volt Bobet seqighince of Tre RemeG CLI Tp Sot. BN, - Qubtesy Chai, velege Vis Regighy — op F Selax ceil = SoXo3=!Sv mw Nf . . \ ecighhce bectkeayy diode 2S s0- OE adtey “WP waite Sr A, =laeiv NE Balter, comet = @s=1a)) ’ : * = 326 AS mhy, Naz Numbew 4 cell 10 HENnCD