Practical File

On
IT SKILLS LAB-2
(KMBN - 251)

Submitted To Sub:
Aman Kesharwani SWETA DEVI

Assistant Professor AKTU Roll No: -2201650700088

CSDepartment Batch: -MBA(2022-2024)
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the IT SKILL Lab-2 File submitted by “Sweta Devi" in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the Second semester of Master of Business
Administration at the "Kanpur Institute of Technology" is an authentic work carried out
by her under my supervision and guidance.

Aman Kesharwani
Assistant Professor
Kanpur Institute of Technology, Rooma, Kanpur
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

“No Learning Is Possible Without Proper Guidance”

This entitled “IT SKILL Lab-2” cannot be complete without a word of thanks to
those who have provided invaluable support and guidance that leads to its successful
completion.
I acknowledge with sincerity and a deep sense of gratitude, given to me by my guide
and Faculty “Aman Kesharwani”. His suggestion and discussion were enlightening
and a constant source of inspiration during the project work. His guidance and support
encouraged me for the betterment of the project.
Last but not the least, I would like to take the opportunity to express my thanks to all
colleagues for their help.

Name : S w e t a d e v i

AKTU Roll No.:-2201650700088

 INDEX
Sr. No. Question Page No. Remark
1 Explain MS Excel in brief ? 1-3

2 What do you mean by cells in an Excel sheet? 4

3 Explain what is a spread sheet? 5-6

4 What are macros? 7-9

5 How do you create dropdown lists in Excel? 10-12

6 Explain Pivot tables along with their features? 13-14

7 How do you create Pivot Tables? 15-16

8 What are the various categories of functions available in 17

Excel?
9 Explain SUM and SUMIF functions? 18-19

10 How do you calculate the percentage in Excel? Explain 20-23

with Example.
11 What is VLOOKUP in Excel?How does the VLOOKUP 24
function work?
12 Explain the approximate match with an example. 25-26

13 What is Data Validation? Illustrate with an example. 27-29

14 Explain Charts in Excel. 30-34

15 What do you mean by Trace Precedent, Dependent 35-38

Cell?
16 Practical Question 1 39

17 Practical Question 2 40
18 Practical Question 3 41

19 Practical Question 4 42

20 Practical Question 5 43-44

 Question No.-1
Explain MS Excel in brief.

Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet program included in the Microsoft Office suite of

applications. With Office 365, you are able to download the application to your hard
drive and will also have access to the online version. The online version gives you the
capability to share and collaborate with others on your files in real-time.

Spreadsheets present tables of values arranged in rows and columns that can be
manipulated mathematically using both basic and complex arithmetic operations and
functions. The program can work on multiple platforms, like Windows, macOS,
smartphones, and tablets.

Features:-

1. Import, export, and convert Excel, .csv, .txt and .ods formatted data.
2. Use editing formula to perform calculations on your data, and use formatting to
create your own style.
3. Chat in real time with others who are editing your spreadsheet while using the
online version.
4. Create charts with your data.
5. Embed a spreadsheet or individual sheets of your spreadsheet on your blog or
website.

Organizations use Microsoft Excel for the following:

a) collection and verification of business data;

b) business analysis
c) data entry and storage
d) data analysis
e) performance reporting
f) strategic analysis
g) accounting and budgeting
h) administrative and managerial management
i) account management
j) project management
k) Office administration.

1
Excel terminology and components:-

Excel has its own terminology for its components, which new users may not
immediately find understandable. Some of these terms and components include the
following:

1. Cell. A user enters data into a cell, which is the intersection of a column and row.
2. Cell reference. This is the set of coordinates where a cell is located. Rows are
horizontal and numbered whereas columns are vertical and assigned a letter.
3. Active cell. This is the currently selected cell, outlined by a green box.
4. Workbook. This is an Excel file that contains one or more worksheets.
5. Worksheet. These are the different documents nested within a Workbook.
6. Worksheet tab. These are the tabs at the bottom left of the spreadsheet.
7. Column and row headings. These are the numbered and lettered cells located just
outside of the columns and rows. Selecting a header highlights the entire row or
column.
8. Formula. Formulas are mathematical equations, cell references or functions that
can be placed inside a cell to produce a value. Formulas must start with an equal
"=" sign.
9. Formula bar. This is the long input bar that is used to enter values or formulas in
cells. It is located at the top of the worksheet, next to the "fx" label.
10. Address bar. This bar located to the left of the formula bar shows the number and
letter coordinates of an active cell.
11. Filter. These are rules a user can employ to select what rows in a worksheet to
display. This option is located on the top right of the home bar under "Sort &
Filter." An auto filter option can be selected to show rows that match specific
values.
12. AutoFill. This feature enables users to copy data to more than one cell
automatically. With two or more cells in a series, a user can select both cells and
drag the bottom right corner down to autofill the rest of the cells.
13. AutoSum. This feature enables users to add multiple values. Users can select the
cells they want to add and press the Alt and Equal keys. There is also a button to
enable this feature on the top right of the home page, above "Fill" and to the left
of "Sort & Filter."
14. PivotTable. This data summarization tool sorts and calculates data automatically.
This is located under the insert tab on the far left.

2
15. PivotChart. This chart acts as a visual aid to the PivotTable, providing graph
representations of the data. It is located under the middle of the insert page, next
to maps.
16. Source data. This is the information that is used to create a PivotTable.

3
 Question No.-2

What do you mean by Cells in an Excel Sheets?

A cell is a rectangular box that occurs at the intersection of a vertical column and a
horizontal row in a worksheet. Vertical columns are numbered with alphabetic values
such as A, B, C. Horizontal rows are numbered with numeric values such as 1, 2, 3.

Each cell has its own set of coordinates or position in the worksheet such as A1, A2,
or M16. In the example above, we are positioned on cell A1 which is the intersection
of column A and row 1.

A cell can only store 1 piece of data at a time. You can store data in a cell such as a
formula, text value, numeric value, or date value.

There are many things that you can do with cells in Excel such as changing the font
format, number format, background, alignment, and conditional formatting. Here is a
list of topics that explain how to use cells in Excel.

A cell is the storage unit in a spreadsheet program like Microsoft Excel or Google
Sheets. Cells are the boxes in a spreadsheet that may contain data. The cells in a
spreadsheet are organized within a column and row in the worksheet, and can be
formatted for aesthetics or visibility.

Spreadsheet Cell Types: -

Cells hold four types of information (also called data types):

1. Numbers that can include formulas, dates, and times.

2. Text often referred to as text strings or just strings.
3. Boolean values of TRUE or FALSE.
4. Errors including #NULL!, #REF!, and #DIV/0! That indicates a problem.

4
 Question No.-3
Explain what is a spread sheet?
A spreadsheet or worksheet is a file made of rows and columns that help sort,
organize, and arrange data efficiently, and calculate numerical data. What makes a
spreadsheet software program unique is its ability to calculate values using
mathematical formulas and the data in cells. An example of how a spreadsheet may
be utilized is creating an overview of your bank's balance.

Uses of a spreadsheet: - Although spreadsheets are most often used with anything
containing numbers, the uses of a spreadsheet are almost endless. Below are some
other popular uses of spreadsheets.

1. Finance: - Spreadsheets are ideal for financial data, such as your checking account
information, budgets, taxes, transactions, billing, invoices, receipts, forecasts, and
any payment system.
2. Forms: - Form templates can be created to handle inventory, evaluations,
performance reviews, quizzes, time sheets, patient information, and surveys.

5
3. School and grades: - Teachers can use spreadsheets to track students, calculate
grades, and identify relevant data, such as high and low scores, missing tests, and
students who are struggling.
4. Lists: - Managing a list in a spreadsheet is a great example of data that does not
contain numbers, but still can be used in a spreadsheet. Great examples of
spreadsheet lists include telephone, to-do, and grocery lists.
5. Sports: - Spreadsheets can keep track of your favorite player stats or stats on the
whole team. With the collected data, you can also find averages, high scores, and
statistical data. Spreadsheets can even be used to create tournament brackets.

6
 Question No.-4
What are macros?
A macro is like an algorithm or a set of actions that we can use or run multiple times.
A macro helps in automating or repeating tasks by recording or storing our input
sequences like mouse strokes or keyboard presses.

Suppose every month you create a report that needs to mark the user accounts with
the overdue amount in bold and red. Then you can create and run a macro that
applies these formatting changes every time you wish to.

Enable Developer Option: - In this example, we will add the headers and some
formatting to our sample data and then perform the same steps with the macro
shortcut key.

Turn on Developer Tab: - The Developer tab is hidden on the ribbon by default. To
customize the ribbon, follow these steps:

1. Right-click on the ribbon,

anywhere and select (by clicking)
Customize the ribbon.

7
2. Navigate to customize the ribbon and place a check on the Developer checkbox.

Record a Macro: - Now that we have the developer tab on our ribbon, let’s start
recording our first macro in Excel. To record a macro, follow these steps:

 On the Developer tab, go to Code group and click Record macro.

The Record Macro dialog box will appear. Give your macro a name and assign the
shortcut which will activate the macro. Click Ok.

8
Note: Every step you perform from now on will be recorded by the macro.

Let’s now add headers and format them with some colors.

Once you are done, go back to the developer tab and click stop recording.

Your macro has recorded the steps, and you can now perform the same steps with
the shortcut key you have assigned in the Record Macro dialog box.

9
 Question No.-5

How do you create dropdown lists in Excel?

Here are the steps to create a dependent drop down list in Excel:

1. Select the cell where you want the first (main) drop down list.
2. Go to Data –> Data Validation. This will open the data validation dialog box.

3. In the data validation dialog

box, within the settings tab,
select List.

4. In Source field, specify the

range that contains the items
that are to be shown in the
first drop down list.

10
5. Click OK. This will create the Drop-Down 1.

6. Select the entire data set

(A1:B6 in this example).

7. Go to Formulas –> Defined

Names –> Create from Selection
(or you can use the keyboard
shortcut Control + Shift + F3).

8. In the ‘Create Named from

Selection’ dialog box, check the Top
row option and uncheck all the
others. Doing this creates 2 names
ranges (‘Fruits’ and ‘Vegetables’).
Fruits named range refers to all the
fruits in the list and Vegetables
named range refers to all the
vegetables in the list.
9. Click OK.
10. Select the cell where you want the Dependent/Conditional Drop Down list (E3
in this example).

11
11. Go to Data –> Data
Validation.

12. In the Data

Validation dialog box,
within the setting tab,
make sure List in
selected.

13. In the Source field,

enter the formula
=INDIRECT(D3).

Here, D3 is the cell that

contains the main drop
down

14. Click OK.

12
 Question No.-6

Explain Pivot tables along with their features?

A pivot table is a table which is used to store the summary of a certain data set in a
condensed manner. The table consists of rows, columns, data fields, and pages. These
components can be moved around and it helps the user to expand, isolate, sum, and
group the particular data in real time. This table enables the user to view the
differences in a very big set of information. It is very helpful in organizing a large
amount of data in Microsoft Excel.

Feature:-

1. Easy to Use: - An important advantage of pivot tables is that it is easy to use. You
can easily summarize data by dragging the columns to different sections of the
table. The columns can also be re-arranged as you wish with the click of a mouse.
2. Easy Data Analysis: - With the help of excel pivot tables, you can handle large
quantities of data in one single go. These tables allow you to take a large amount
of data and work on it in such a way that you need to view only a few data fields.
This helps in the easy analysis of large amount of data.
3. Easy Summary of Data: - Another important benefit of pivot tables is that it helps
to summarize data in a quick and easy manner. The table helps in making a concise
summary out of thousands of rows and columns of unorganized data. With the
help of these tables you can summarize large amounts of information into a small
space. The data can be summarized in a simple format which is easily
understandable. Users can arrange rows and columns of the data according to their
needs and they can label it and sort it in any way they want to.
4. Find Data Patterns: - Excel pivot tables help you to create customized tables from
large data groups. Manipulating data in this manner will help to find recurring
patterns in the data, if any. This in turn will help in accurate data forecast.
5. Quick Report Creation: - One of the important features of excel pivot tables is that
it helps to create reports in an efficient way. This saves you the long and strenuous
hours that you need to spend for creating reports manually. Apart from this, the
table also helps you provide links to external sources if any, in the report created.
6. Helps in Quick Decision Making: - A pivot table can be considered to be a valuable
Excel reporting tool as it allows users to easily analyze the data and arrive at quick

13
decisions. This serves as a huge advantage in the industrial world, where it is
crucial to make precise and quick decisions.

14
 Question No.-7

How do you create Pivot Tables?

1. In Sheets, open your spreadsheet and select the columns with the data that you
want to analyze. Make sure your data is in columns with headers.
2. Click Insert Pivot table.
3. Under Insert to, choose where to add your pivot table.
4. Click Create.
5. (Optional) To use a pivot table suggestion instead, on the right, click Suggested
and select a table.
6. If you want to add data manually by row or column or if you want to filter
data, click Add and choose the data to use.
7. If you want to add data manually by value, next to Values, click Add and choose
an option:

a) Select a column to use.

b) To use a custom formula, click Calculated Field, enter a formula, and under
Summarize by, select Custom.

Edit a pivot table:-

Click anywhere in a pivot table to open the editor.

1. Add data—Depending on where you want to add data, under Rows, Columns, or
Values, click Add.
2. Change row or column names—Double-click a Row or Column name and enter a
new name.
3. Change sort order or column—Under Rows or Columns, click the Down arrow
under Order or Sort by and select the option or item.
4. Change the data range—Click Select data range and enter a new range.
5. Delete data—Click Remove .
6. Hide data with filters:
a. Under Filters, click Add and select a column to filter.
b. Under Show, click the Down arrow and deselect the items you want to hide.
c. Click OK.

15
7. Move data—Drag data from one category to another. For example, change row
data to column data by dragging data in Rows under Columns.
8. Repeat row labels—Add at least 2 row items. Under the first row item, click
Repeat row labels.
9. Show totals—Under Rows or Columns, check the Show Totals box.
10. Show values as percentages—Under Values click the Down arrow under Show
as and select a percentage option.

16
 Question No.-8
What are the various categories of functions available in Excel?
SUM function Use this function to add the values in cells.
IF function Use this function to return one value if a condition is true
and another value if it's false.
LOOKUP function Use this function when you need to look in a single row or
column and find a value from the same position in a second
row or column.
Use this function when you need to find things in a table or a
range by row. For example, look up an employee's last name
VLOOKUP function by her employee number, or find her phone number by
looking up her last name (just like a telephone book)..
Use this function to search for an item in a range of cells, and
then return the relative position of that item in the range.
MATCH function For example, if the range A1:A3 contains the values 5, 7, and
38, then the formula =MATCH(7,A1:A3,0) returns the
number 2, because 7 is the second item in the range.
Use this function to select one of up to 254 values based on
the index number. For example, if value1 through value7 are
CHOOSE function the days of the week, CHOOSE returns one of the days when
a number between 1 and 7 is used as index_num.
Use this function to return the sequential serial number that
represents a particular date. This function is most useful in
situations where the year, month, and day are supplied by
DATE function formulas or cell references. For example, you might have a
worksheet that contains dates in a format that Excel does
not recognize, such as YYYYMMDD.

Use the DATEDIF function to calculate the number of days,

months, or years between two dates.
DAYS function Use this function to return the number of days between two
dates.
FIND and FINDB locate one text string within a second text
string. They return the number of the starting position of the
FIND, FINDB functions first text string from the first character of the second text
string.
INDEX function Use this function to return a value or the reference to a value
from within a table or range.

17
 Question No.-9
Explain SUM and SUMIF functions.
The SUM Function: -

The sum function is the most used function when it comes to computing data on
Excel. This function works to sum a group of numbers in a specific set of cells. This
means you don’t need to type a long cumbrous formula just to calculate the sum of
all the data you need. Because of its popularity, newer versions of Microsoft Excel
have a button specifically for this function.

This function is performed by typing the formula on the function bar and highlighting
the cells you want summed before clicking “Enter”. You also need to be careful in
highlighting cells, as Excel will sum everything you include. If this happens, you can
easily click the “Undo” button to reset the values back to its original state.

The syntax formula for sum function is “=SUM” (number1, number2, etc.).

In this image, the sum function for the cells C2 through C7 is obtained through the
formula “=SUM(C2:C7)”, giving you the result of 33161.

The SUM IF Function: -

SUMIF is the function used to sum the values according to a single criterion. Using
this function, you can find the sum of numbers applying a condition within a range.
This function comes under Math & Trigonometry functions. Similar to the name, this
will sum if the criteria given is satisfied. This function is used to find the sum of
particular numbers within a large data set.

18
Formula of SUMIF

Generally, follow a format where

the criteria and criteria range, etc.
need to be provided.

SUMIF(range,criteria,sum range)

 Range: The range of cells which included the criteria

 Criteria: The condition that must be satisfied
 Sum range: The range of cells to add if the condition is satisfied.

19
 Question No.-10

How do you calculate the percentage in Excel? Explain with Example.

To enter a percentage in Excel, execute the following steps.

1. First, enter a decimal number.

2. On the Home tab, in the Number group,

click the percentage symbol to apply a
Percentage format.

Result.

Note: to change the percentage in cell A1, simply select cell A1 and type a new
percentage (do not type a decimal number).

Percentage of Total

To calculate the percentage of a total in Excel, execute the following steps.

1. Enter the formula shown below. This formula divides the value in cell A1 by the
value in cell B1. Simply use the forward slash (/) as the division operator. Don't forget,
always start a formula with an equal sign (=).

20
2. On the Home tab, in the Number group, click
the percentage symbol to apply a Percentage
format.

Result.

3. On the Home tab, in the Number group, click

the Increase Decimal button once.

Result.

Note: Excel always uses the underlying precise value in calculations, regardless of
how many decimals you choose to display.

21
Increase by Percentage: -

To increase a number by a percentage in Excel, execute the following steps.

1. Enter a number in cell A1. Enter a

decimal number (0.2) in cell B1 and
apply a Percentage format.

2. To increase the number in cell A1 by 20%, multiply the number by 1.2 (1+0.2). The
formula below does the trick.

Note: Excel uses a default order in

which calculations occur. If a part of
the formula is in parentheses, that
part will be calculated first.

3. To decrease a number by a percentage,

simply change the plus sign to a minus
sign.

Percentage Change: - To calculate the percentage change between two numbers in

Excel, execute the following steps.

1. Enter an old number in cell A1 and a new

number in cell B1.

2. First, calculate the difference between new and

old.

22
3. Next, divide this result by the old
number in cell A1.

Note: Excel uses a default order in

which calculations occur. If a part of the formula is in parentheses, that part will be
calculated first.

4. On the Home tab, in the Number group, click the

percentage symbol to apply a Percentage format.

Result.

5. The (New-Old)/Old formula

always works.

23
 Question No.-11
What is VLOOKUP in Excel? How does the VLOOKUP function work?

VLookup is powerful Excel function that is often overlooked. Users will find it useful
when they need to find specific data on a large table. You can also use VLookup to
search for names, phone number, or specific data on your sheet. Instead of manually
looking for the names and wasting time scrolling through hundreds of data, the
VLookup function makes this process faster and more efficient.

The VLookup formula is “=VLOOKUP” (lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num,

*range_lookup*).

1. “lookup_value” is the data you want to find.

2. “table_array” is the data column where you want to limit your search.
3. “col_index_num” is the column number within the table that you want to return a
value from.
4. “range_lookup” is an optional argument that allows you to search for the exact
match of your lookup value without sorting the table.

24
 Question No.-12
Explain the approximate match with an example.
The approximate matches in VLOOKUP are input options in its range_lookup
argument. In other words, the input to this argument must only be either of the two
logical inputs: 1/TRUE for approximate match and 0/FALSE for exact match.

Since the fourth argument or the range_lookup argument of the VLOOKUP function is
optional, this will search for the approximate match, by default, if you don’t specify
one

Approximate Match: - The approximate match uses the logical input 1 or TRUE. This
will search for the value that is closest to your lookup value. When using this, make
sure that your lookup column or the first column of your table is sorted either
numerically or alphabetically.

For example, you want to get the letter grade equivalent of 87%.

Step 1: - Select your arguments.

25
Step-2: - Select an empty cell where you want to input the VLOOKUP formula and
show the return value.

Step-3: - Enter the VLOOKUP formula in the formula bar using the selected
arguments.

Step-4: - Press Enter to get the return value.

Result: - The letter grade equivalent of 87% is B-.

26
 Question No.-13
What is Data Validation? Illustrate with an example.

Data validation is a feature in MS Excel used to control what a user can enter in a cell
of an excel sheet. Like, restrict entries in a sheet, such as a date range or whole
numbers only. We can even create dropdowns as well, which saves un-necessary
space and shows the values in a single cell. Also, we can create a customized message
which will appear user insert any incorrect value or an incorrect format

As we can use data validation in excel to make sure a value is a positive number, a
date between 15 and 30, make sure a date occurs in the next 30 days, or make sure a
text entry is less than 25 characters etc.

Set Input Message and Error Alert: - We can restrict a user to enter a limited text.

Step 1: Select B5 Cell

Step 2: Click on the

data validation tool
from the Data Menu
Bar and select Text
Length in Allow drop-
down.

27
Step 3: Select equal to from the data list drop-down.

Step 4: Enter your desired length of the password (as an example 11).

Step 5: Click on the Input Message tab and provide a message displayed on the
selection of cell.

28
Step 6: Click on the Error
Alert tab, provide a Title
and the Error message,
which will be displayed if a
user entered an invalid
length password.

Step 7: After that, click the

Ok button, the setting will
be applied to the selected
cell.

On the Selection of Cell, an

Input message will be
displayed.

Enter a text which has a text length of 11. It will be selected successfully.

Now enter an invalid password. It will throw the described error message.

29
 Question No.-14
Explain Charts in Excel.

Charts and graphs are visual representations of worksheet data. These graphics help
you understand the data in a worksheet by displaying patterns and trends that are
difficult to see in the data.

Types of Charts in MS Excel

Different scenarios require different types of charts. Towards this end, Excel provides
a number of chart types that you can work with. The type of chart that you choose
depends on the type of data that you want to visualize. To help simplify things for
the users, Excel 2013 and above has an option that analyses your data and makes a
recommendation of the chart type that you should use.

There is a list of basic and advanced level of charts used for different purposes to
interpret the data.

1. Column Chart
2. Line Chart
3. Bar Chart
4. Area chart
5. Pie chart or Doughnut chart
6. Surface chart

These are the most used charts of Excel that an Excel user usually requires.

Microsoft Excel introduces one more new chart called Treemap chart for 2016 and
newer version. It has come with some advanced features and representation styles.

We will illustrate each chart and its functionality with an example in this chapter.
Learn carefully and use them accordingly.

1. Column Charts: - A column chart is basically a vertical chart that is used to

represent the data in vertical bars. It works efficiently with different types of data,
but it is usually used for comparing the information.

30
For example, a company wants to see each month sell graphically and also wants to
compare them. Column charts are best for it that help to analyze and compare each
month's data with each other.

2. Line Chart: - Line charts are most useful for showing trends. Using this chart, you
can easily analyze the ups and downs in your data over time. In this chart, data
points are connected with lines.

For example, a company wants to analyze the sell of products for the last five years
graphically. Additionally, it also wants to analyze the ups and downs of each year
product sell.

Excel offers 2D and 3D line charts.

31
3. Bar chart: - Bar charts are horizontal bars that work like column charts. Unlike
column charts, Bar charts are horizontally plotted. Or you can say that bar charts
and column charts are just opposite to each other.

For example, a company uses the bar chart to analyze the data through vertical bars
to represent the data graphically. You can see as well as compare the values to each
other, respective to data.

4. Area chart: - Area charts are just like line charts. Unlike the line charts, gaps are
filled with color in area charts. Area charts are easy to analyze the growth in
business as its shows ups and downs through line.

Similar to the line charts, data points in area charts are connected with lines.

32
5. Pie chart: - A pie chart is a rounded shape graph that is divided into slices of pie.
Using this chart, you can easily analyze data that is divided into slices. It makes the
data easy to compare the proportion.

Pie charts make it easy to analyze which values make up the percentage of whole. Pie
chart is also known as Doughnut chart. Excel offers 2D and 3D pie charts.

6. Surface chart: - Surface chart is actually a 3D chart that helps to represent the data
into a 3D landscape. These charts are best to use with a large dataset. This chart
allows to displaying a variety of data at the same time.

A large dataset is not easy to represent using other charts. Surface chart solve this
problem that allows displaying large datasets using this 3D chart.

33
The importance of charts

 Allows you to visualize data graphically

 It’s easier to analyse trends and patterns using charts in MS Excel
 Easy to interpret compared to data in cells.

Step by step example of creating charts in Excel

In this tutorial, we are going to plot a simple column chart in Excel that will display
the sold quantities against the sales year. Below are the steps to create chart in MS
Excel:

 Open Excel
 Enter the data from the sample data table above
 Your workbook should now look as follows

To get the desired chart you have to follow the following steps

1. Select the data you want to represent in graph

2. Click on INSERT tab from the ribbon
3. Click on the Column chart drop down button
4. Select the chart type you want

34
 Question No.-15
What do you mean by Trace Precedent, Dependent Cell?
Trace Precedents commands to graphically display and trace the relationships
between cells and formulas with tracer arrows. The Trace Precedents feature shows
arrows to indicate which cells are included in the calculation of the currently selected
cell. This helps a lot when you are checking formulas for accuracy or finding the
source of an error.

Follow these steps to show formula relationships between cells:

1. The first step is to select a cell

for which you want to show
precedent tracer arrows. In this
example, it’s cell F8, which is
the sum of cells F2:F6. Each of
these cells is calculated as a sum
from its row: F2 is the sum of
B2:E2, F3 is the sum of B3:E3,
etc.

2. Then in the Ribbon, go to

Formulas > Trace Dependents
(from the Formula Auditing
group).

Precedent tracer arrows will

appear for the selected cell. You
can see below, for this example,
that there are five cells that
make the value of the selected
cell. (F2:F6).

35
 3. If there is more than one layer, you can click on Trace Precedents again and it will
show other layers with new tracer arrows.

Trace Dependents: - Trace dependents are used to locate the cells that contain the
formula. Trace Precedents indicates the cells that affect the active cell’s value where
Trace Dependents indicates the cells affected by the active cell. You can identify trace
dependents by tracer arrows.

In order to trace dependents, we follow these steps:

 Select cell C4
 Click Formulas tab > Trace Dependents or use the keyboard shortcut Alt + M + D

36
One blue arrow and one dashed black arrow are shown attached to cell C4. Blue
arrows point to cells within the worksheet that are dependent in value to the
selected cell. Black arrows point to a worksheet icon, which means that there are
dependent cell or cells in a different worksheet.

In our example, one blue arrow points from C4 to C9. This means that the value of C9
depends on C4. This is supported by the formula for C9 which is =SUM(C4:C8).

The black arrow, on the other hand, points to a

worksheet icon. We have to double-click the black
arrow to show the cells in another worksheet that
depend in value to C4.

After we double-click on the black arrow, the Go To

dialog box will appear on screen. It shows the
reference to the worksheet and cell that is dependent on our selected cell.
37
Click on the reference name and click OK. We will then be redirected to the other
worksheet, selecting the dependent cell.

Trace next level of dependents

In order to identify the next level of dependents to our active cell, we have to click
the Trace Dependents button again.

Below image shows blue arrows pointing from cell C9 to G9. G9 is the grand total
which sums the total for each set of data in C9, D9 and E9.

38
 Question No.-16
The following are the Marks obtained by Students in three subjects. Draw a Bar
diagram with appropriate Design, Formatting options and Chart headings:
ROLL NO Name S1 S2 S3
101 A 50 60 70
102 B 60 40 80
103 C 70 60 50
104 D 60 50 60
105 E 50 90 40

39
 Question No.-17
The following are the details of Expenditure. Draw a Pie diagram with appropriate
Formatting options, including Percentages and Chart headings:
Expenditure Rs.
Food 10000
Rent 5000
Clothing 1000
Fees 4000

40
 Question No.-18
Calculate Total, Average and Result of the following:
Marks
Roll No. Name Total Average Result
S1 S2 S3
1 A 80 90 100
2 B 60 70 20
3 C 90 80 10

a) For Pass, every subject should be 40 or above marks

b) For Fail, any one subject be Less than 40

41
 Question No.-19
Prepare a Payroll with the following:
EMP ID ENAME BASIC DA HRA GROSS PF NET
101 A 1000
102 B 2000
103 C 3000
104 D 2000
105 E 5000

a) DA is 50% of Basic
b) HRA is Basic + DA
c) HRA is 15% of Basic
d) Gross pay=Basic+DA+HRA
e) PF is 12% of Basic+DA
f) Net Pay= Gross-PF

42
 Question No.-20

Create a Student Information Table with 5 records with your own data:

ROLLNO NAME PHONE ADDRESS DOB

Sort the table on Roll No and then by Name

AFTER SORT ON BASIS OF ROLL NO:

43
AFTER SORT ON BASIS OF NAME:-

44