Assignment NO: 2

HVAC
Submitted By:
Shafa Ullah Khan Mehdi
347895
42-ME-B
Submitted To:
Sir Usman Zia

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Table of Contents
1-Zeotropic refrigerants: ............................................................................................................................... 3
Fig 1. .......................................................................................................................................................... 3
2-Azeotropic refrigerants: ............................................................................................................................. 3
Fig 2 ........................................................................................................................................................... 4
3-Differences ................................................................................................................................................. 4
1-Composition:.......................................................................................................................................... 4
2-Boiling Point: .......................................................................................................................................... 4
3-Fractionation: ......................................................................................................................................... 4
4-Performance: ......................................................................................................................................... 5
4-Examples: ................................................................................................................................................... 5
Refrigerants that are zeotropic: ................................................................................................................ 5
Refrigerants that are Azeotropic: .............................................................................................................. 5
5- Temperature Glide: ................................................................................................................................... 5
a-What Causes it: ...................................................................................................................................... 5
b-Evaporation: ........................................................................................................................................... 5
c-Condensation: ........................................................................................................................................ 6
6-References: ................................................................................................................................................ 6

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1-Zeotropic refrigerants:
The term "zeotropic refrigerants" refers to mixes of two or more substances with various boiling points. A
zeotropic refrigerant continually changes in composition as it evaporates or condenses. This indicates that
the refrigerant mixture will not evaporate or condense throughout the evaporation process at a constant
temperature, but rather across a temperature range. Glide, or the temperature difference between the
refrigerant's boiling point at the beginning and conclusion of a cycle, can be caused by the presence of
several components in the mixture.

Fig 1.

2-Azeotropic refrigerants:
Azeotropic refrigerants are mixes of two or more components that behave throughout the refrigeration
cycle as though they were one single pure material. Because of their azeotropic behaviour, which keeps
the mixture's composition constant during evaporation and condensation, they have set boiling points and
stable condensing points.

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 Fig 2

3-Differences
1-Composition:
Zeotropic refrigerants are combinations of two or more substances that have various boiling points.
Specific performance traits can be optimized by selecting the right components.

In addition to being combinations of two or more components, azeotropic refrigerants also have a set
composition. To create a mixture that acts as a single pure material during the evaporation and
condensation processes, the components were carefully chosen.

2-Boiling Point:
Due to their different compositions, zeotropic refrigerants have a temperature range within which they
evaporate or condense. This temperature range is referred to as the "glide."

On the other hand, azeotropic refrigerants have a constant boiling or condensing point. They proceed
through the process at a steady temperature while they evaporate or condense.

3-Fractionation:
Zeotropic refrigerants show fractionation, which indicates that the mixture's composition changes as a
result of evaporation or condensation. The relative proportions of the refrigerant components fluctuate
as a result of the varied speeds at which the components evaporate or condense.

The fractionation of azeotropic refrigerants does not occur. The mixture's components evaporate and
condense together in predetermined ratios, preserving its original makeup.

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4-Performance:
By choosing components with desirable qualities, zeotropic refrigerants may be created to offer certain
performance benefits. They can be designed, for instance, to be more energy-efficient, have a reduced
GWP, or function better under certain operating circumstances.

Azeotropic refrigerants are typically employed for their distinct boiling or condensing capabilities and have
clearly defined features. Compared to zeotropic refrigerants, they may have limits in terms of efficiency or
environmental effect.

It's important to note the use of zeotropic and azeotropic refrigerants.

4-Examples:
Refrigerants that are zeotropic:
R404A is a well-known zeotropic mixture that is utilized in industrial refrigeration systems.
Difluoromethane (R32), pentafluoro ethane (R125), and 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R143a) make up this
compound. Due to environmental concerns, R404A is being phased out in several locations because of its
relatively high global warming potential (GWP).

Another popular zeotropic mixture found in home and commercial air conditioning systems is R410A. It
includes pentafluoro ethane (R125) and difluoromethane (R32). R410A has been widely used as an
alternative to more traditional refrigerants since it has a lower GWP than R404A.D behaves in an
azeotropic manner.

Refrigerants that are Azeotropic:

R12 (dichlorodifluoromethane) is often swapped out for R134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) in vehicle air
conditioning systems. R134a behaves azeotropically and has a set boiling point of -26.3°C.

5- Temperature Glide:
The temperature range or difference across which a refrigerant mixture evaporates or condenses
throughout the refrigeration cycle is referred to as temperature glide. Zeotropic refrigerants, which are
combinations of two or more components with various boiling points, are where it happens.

a-What Causes it:

b-Evaporation:
The refrigerant mixture begins to boil during evaporation at a specific temperature, but as the process
progresses, the mixture's makeup changes. The composition of the mixture shifts towards the refrigerant
components with higher boiling points because of the lower boiling point refrigerant components

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evaporating more quickly. Temperature glide is the outcome of the slow increase in evaporation
temperature caused by this throughout a temperature range.

c-Condensation:
The components with higher condensing points condense first during condensation, and then the
components with lower condensing points follow. As a result, the condensing temperature gradually drops
throughout the temperature range. Zeotropic refrigerants that exhibit temperature glide can affect the
performance and design of systems. Since the temperature glide may call for more heat exchanger surface
area or modifications in system operation to guarantee efficient and dependable operation, it has an
impact on the heat transfer characteristics and equipment selection.

6-References:
1- https://www.swep.net/refrigerant-handbook/5.-refrigerants/sd1/
2- https://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-azeotropic-and-zeotropic-mixture/
3- https://hvacknowitall.com/blog/azeotrope-refrigerants-vs-zeoptrope