Sem-1/3 Digital System

Session -1
Digital Systems and Binary Numbers
Digital System has a prominent role in everyday life that we refer to the present
technological period as the digital age. Digital System are used in communication, business
transactions, traffic control, space guidance , medical treatment, weathermonitoring, the
Internet, and many other commercial, industrial, and scientific enterprises. We have digital
telephones, digital television, digital versatile discs, digital cameras, handheld devices and of
course digital computers.

Users can specify and change the program, a sequence of instructions, or the data
according to the specific need.General purpose digital computers can perform a variety of
information processing tasks that range over a wide spectrum of applications.

What is Digital?
Interconnection among digital components and modules:

Logic Design:
Deals with the basic concepts and tools used to design digital hardware consisting of logic
circuits Circuits to perform arithmetic operations (+, -, x, ÷)

Digital Signal : Decimal values are difficult to represent in electrical systems. It is easier to
use two voltage values than ten.

Digital Signals have two basic states:

1 ---(logic “high”, or H, or “on”) 0 ---(logic “low”, or L, or “off”)

Digital values are in a binary format. Binary means 2 states.A good example of binary is a
light (only on or off).

George Boole who developed Mathematical Analysis of Logic (1847) and an Investigation of
Laws of Thoughts; Mathematical Theories of Logic and Probabilities (1854)

Claude Shannon: Rediscovered the Boole“A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching
Circuits “. Boolean Logic and Boolean Algebra were Applied to Digital Circuitry.Beginning of
the Digital Age and/or Computer AgeWorld War II.Computers as Calculating
MachinesArlington (State Machines) “ Control “. There are 2 types of computer 1) General
purposes 2) Many scientific, industrial and commercial applications

Digital systems can be Telephone switching exchanges Digital camera Electronic calculators,
PDA's Digital TV

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Sem-1/3 Digital System
Discrete information-processing systems, It Manipulate discrete elements of information
For example, {1, 2, 3, …} and {A, B, C, …}…

ANALOG Vs DIGITAL

To learn and understand about the digital logic design ,the initial knowledge we require
is to differentiate between analog and digital. The following are the difference between
analog and digital.

 Analog information is made up of a continuum of values within a given range orsuch

as sounds, images, and other measurements of continuous systems.
 At its most basic, digital information can assume only one of two possible values
one/zero, on/off, high/low, true/false, etc.
 Digital Information is less susceptible to noise than analog information.
 The complexity of operations is reduced, thus it is easier to implement them with
high accuracy in digital form.

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Analog
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Digital
Sem-1/3 Digital System

DIGITAL SYSTEMS
Digital computer is the best-known exampleof a digital system.A digital system manipulates
discreteelements of information.Discrete elements like electric impulses, decimaldigits,
letters of an alphabet, any other set ofmeaningful symbols.

In a digital system, discrete elements ofinformation are represented by signals. Electrical

signals (voltages & currents) are themost common.Present day systems have only two
discretevalues (binary values).

Control unit Processor

OrArithmetic
unit

Storage or
Memory unit

Input Devices Output Devices

And control and control

Block diagram of a digital computer

Above block diagram of digital computer has 5 units. Memory unit stores the input, output
and intermediate data. The Processor unit processes all arithmetic and data processing tasks
as specified by programs. The Control unit supervises to flow of information between the
various units. The control unit retrieves the instructions, one by one from the program
which is stored in memory .The control unit supervises the program instructions, and the
processor manipulates the data as specified by the program.

A digital system is an interconnection of digital modules. Tounderstand the operationof

each digital module, it isnecessary to have a basic knowledge of digital circuitsand their
logical function.

Digital Learning-DCE RaniChannamma University