SELECT: SELECT * FROM family_members;

SELECT SPECIFIC COLUMNS: SELECT name, num_books_read FROM family_members;

WHERE… EQUALS: SELECT * FROM family_members WHERE species = 'human';

WHERE…GREATER THAN: SELECT * FROM family_members WHERE num_books_read > 0; ( =,<,>,<=,>=)

AND: SELECT * FROM friends_of_pickles WHERE height_cm > 25 AND species = 'cat';

OR: SELECT * FROM friends_of_pickles WHERE height_cm > 25 OR species = 'cat';

IN ó NOT IN: SELECT * FROM friends_of_pickles WHERE species IN ('cat', 'human');

Lo que va dentro del parentesis va como si fuese un OR.

DISTINCT: SELECT DISTINCT gender, species FROM friends_of_pickles WHERE height_cm < 100;
Ejm: si hay 2 datos que tienen el numero 180, solo me va dar uno porque es el que necesito.

ORDER BY: SELECT * FROM friends_of_pickles ORDER BY name;

Si se quiere poner en modo descendente se pone DESC al final.

LIMIT: SELECT * FROM friends_of_pickles ORDER BY height_cm LIMIT 2; limitar la cantidad de

respuestas a dar.
En otras versions no se usa limit, si se quiere en forma descendiente se pone DESC antes de LIMIT.

COUNT(*): SELECT COUNT(*) FROM friends_of_pickles;

COUNT(*)… WHERE: SELECT COUNT(*) FROM friends_of_pickles WHERE species = 'human';

SUM: SELECT SUM(num_legs) FROM family_members;

AVG: SELECT AVG(num_legs) FROM family_members; (average=promedio)

MAX and MIN: SELECT MIN(num_legs) FROM family_members; Se puede usar max or min.

GROUP BY: SELECT COUNT(*), species FROM friends_of_pickles GROUP BY species;

SELECT MAX(height_cm),species FROM friends_of_pickles GROUP BY species;
Se puede combiner con max, min, count(*), avg,etc.

“NESTED QUERIES”: SELECT * FROM family_members WHERE num_legs = (SELECT MIN(num_legs)

FROM family_members); Poner condiciones dentro de otras condiciones.
SELECT * FROM family_members where num_books_read=(SELECT MAX(num_books_read) FROM
family_members);

NULL: SELECT * from family_members where favorite_book IS NOT NULL; (para decir que una celda tiene valor
nulo ya que no tiene sentido lo relacionado)

DATE: SELECT * FROM celebs_born WHERE birthdate < '1985-08-17';

SELECT * FROM celebs_born WHERE birthdate >'1980-09-01'

INNER JOIN … ON: SELECT character.name, character_tv_show.tv_show_name FROM

character INNER JOIN character_tv_show ON character.id =
character_tv_show.character_id;
SELECT character.name, character_actor.actor_name FROM character INNER JOIN
character_actor ON character.id = character_actor.character_id;

MULTIPLE JOINS: SELECT character.name, tv_show.name FROM character INNER JOIN character_tv_show ON
character.id = character_tv_show.character_id INNER JOIN tv_show ON character_tv_show.tv_show_id =
tv_show.id;
SELECT character.name,actor.name FROM character INNER JOIN character_actor ON
character.id=character_actor.character_id INNER JOIN actor ON character_actor.actor_id=actor.id;
JOINS WITH WHERE: SELECT character.name, tv_show.name FROM character INNER JOIN
character_tv_show ON character.id = character_tv_show.character_id INNER JOIN tv_show
ON character_tv_show.tv_show_id = tv_show.id WHERE character.name != 'Barney Stinson'
AND tv_show.name != 'Buffy the Vampire Slayer';

LEFT JOIN: SELECT character.name, actor.name FROM character LEFT JOIN character_actor ON
character.id=character_actor.character_id LEFT JOIN actor ON
character_actor.actor_id=actor.id; (sirve para poner null a datos que no se relacionen
con otros datos).

TABLE ALIAS: SELECT c.name, t.name FROM character AS c LEFT JOIN character_tv_show AS ct
ON c.id = ct.character_id LEFT JOIN tv_show AS t ON ct.tv_show_id = t.id; Para reemplazar
los nombres.

COLUMN ALIAS: SELECT character.name AS character, tv_show.name AS name FROM character

LEFT JOIN character_tv_show ON character.id = character_tv_show.character_id LEFT JOIN
tv_show ON character_tv_show.tv_show_id = tv_show.id; Para poner nombre a columnas

SELF JOINS: SELECT r1.name AS object, r2.name AS beats FROM rps AS r1 INNER JOIN rps AS
r2 ON r1.defeats_id = r2.id;
LIKE: SELECT * FROM robots WHERE name LIKE "%Robot%"; SELECT * FROM robots WHERE name
LIKE "%Robot 20__"; Se usa % cuando existen mas valores luego de la palabra clave, y
si es por ambos lados, que haya valores por ambos lados, y _ cuando hay un solo valor
despues de la palabra
CASE: SELECT *, CASE WHEN species='human' THEN 'talk' WHEN species='dog' THEN 'bark'
ELSE 'meow' END AS 'sound' FROM friends_of_pickles; agregar comentario en casos de
true.
SUBSTR: SELECT * FROM robots WHERE SUBSTR(name, -4) LIKE '20__'; (Otra forma de poner
numeros ester el 2000 y 2099, SELECT * FROM robots WHERE SUBSTR(location, 1) LIKE '%NY
%';
COALESCE: SELECT name, COALESCE(tank, gun, sword) as weapon FROM fighters; (Cada valor
dentro del coalesce significa el nivel de importancia.