Mathematics 10C

Student Workbook
Unit
4
Graph x y
-2 4
y = x2 -1 1 Lesson 1: Graphing Relations
0 0 Approximate Completion Time: 2 Days
1 1
2 4

Domain
{x|-6 < x ≤ 3, x ε R}
Lesson 2: Domain and Range
Range Approximate Completion Time: 1 Day
{y|-5 ≤ y < 1, y ε R}

Lesson 3: Functions
f(x) Approximate Completion Time: 2 Days

x=0
(0, y)
y - intercept
Lesson 4: Intercepts
y=0 (x, 0) Approximate Completion Time: 1 Day
x - intercept

d(t)

Lesson 5: Interpreting Graphs

Approximate Completion Time: 1 Day
t

UNIT FOUR
Relations and Functions
 Mathematics 10C
Student Workbook
Unit
4

Complete this workbook by watching the videos on www.math10.ca.

Work neatly and use proper mathematical form in your notes.

UNIT FOUR
Relations and Functions
 Graph x
-2
y
4
Relations and Functions
y=x LESSON ONE - Graphing Relations
2 -1 1
0 0

Lesson Notes
1 1
2 4

Caitlin rides her bike to school every day. The table of values below shows
Introduction her distance from home as time passes.
a) Write a sentence that describes this relation.
time distance
(minutes) (metres)

0 0

1 250
b) Represent this relation with ordered pairs.
2 500

3 750

4 1000

c) Represent this relation with an arrow diagram. 5 1250

d
1250
d) Write an equation for this scenario.
1000

750

500
e) Graph the relation.
250

1 2 3 4 5 t

Example 1 For each relation, complete the table of values and draw the graph.

a) y = -2x + 3 b) y = x

x y x y

-2 -2
-1 -1
0 0
1 1
2 2

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Relations and Functions Graph x
-2
y
4

LESSON ONE - Graphing Relations y = x2 -1 1

0 0
1 1
Lesson Notes 2 4

For each relation, complete the table of values and draw the graph.
Example 2 State if the relation is linear or non-linear.
1
a) y = x2 b) y = x+1
2

x y x y

-2 -4
-1 -2
0 0
1 2
2 4

For each scenario, state the dependent variable, the independent

Example 3 variable, and the rate. Write the equation.

a) A fruit vendor generates a revenue of R dollars by selling n boxes of plums at $3 each.

i) the dependent variable is ___________.

ii) the independent variable is ___________.
iii) the rate is ___________.
iv) the equation is ________________.

b) A runner with a speed of 9 m/s can run d metres in t seconds.

i) the dependent variable is ___________.

ii) the independent variable is ___________.
iii) the rate is ___________.
iv) the equation is ________________.

c) A diver experiences a pressure of P kilopascals at a depth of d metres. Underwater pressure

increases at 10 kilopascals/metre.

i) the dependent variable is ___________.

ii) the independent variable is ___________.
iii) the rate is ___________.
iv) the equation is ________________.

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 Graph x
-2
y
4
Relations and Functions
y=x 2 -1 1
LESSON ONE - Graphing Relations
0 0
1 1
2 4 Lesson Notes
Tickets to a concert cost $12 each. The revenue from ticket sales is R,
Example 4 and the number of tickets sold is n.
TICKET

ADMIT ONE

ADMIT ONE
a) Write an equation for this scenario.
Oct. 16
8:00 PM

b) Generate a table of values. c) Draw the graph.

n R d) Is the relation
R
60 continuous or discrete?
48
36
24
12

1 2 3 4 5 n

A cylindrical tank is being filled with water at a rate of 3 L/min.

Example 5 The volume of water in the tank is V, and the elapsed time is t.
a) Write an equation for this scenario.

b) Generate a table of values. c) Draw the graph. d) Is the relation

continuous or discrete?
t V V
15
12
9
6
3

1 2 3 4 5 t

Example 6 A relation is represented by 4x + 2y = 8.

a) Isolate y so this relation can be graphed.

b) Generate a table of values. c) Draw the graph. d) Is the relation

continuous or discrete?
x y

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Relations and Functions Graph x
-2
y
4

LESSON ONE - Graphing Relations y = x2 -1 1

0 0
1 1
Lesson Notes 2 4

Nick, a salesman, earns a base salary of $600/week

Example 7 plus an 8% commission on sales. The amount of money
Nick earns in a week is E, and the total value of his sales is s.

a) Write an equation that relates the variables.

b) Complete the table of values. g) If Nick makes $6200 in sales one week,
what will his earnings be?
s E
0
1000
2000
3000
4000

c) Draw the graph.

E
920

840

760 h) How much will Nick have to sell if he

makes $1560 in one week?
680

600

1000 2000 3000 4000

s

d) Is this relation linear or non-linear?

e) Is this relation discrete or continuous?

f) What are the dependent and independent variables?

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 Domain
{ x|-6 < x ≤ 3, x ε R }
Relations and Functions
Range
LESSON TWO - Domain and Range
{ y|-5 ≤ y < 1, y ε R } Lesson Notes

Introduction
a) Write the domain and range b) Write the domain and range
of this graph in sentence form. of this graph as number lines.

Domain: Range: Domain: Range:

c) Write the domain and range d) Write the domain and range
of this graph in set notation. of this graph as a discrete list.

Domain: Range: Domain: Range:

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Relations and Functions Domain
{x|-6 < x ≤ 3, x ε R}
LESSON TWO - Domain and Range Range
Lesson Notes {y|-5 ≤ y < 1, y ε R}

e) Write the domain and range of this graph using interval notation.

Domain:

Range:

Example 1
Write the domain of each number line.
Domain:

a)
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Domain:

b)
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Domain:

c)
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Domain:

d)
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Domain:

e)
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

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 Domain
{x|-6 < x ≤ 3, x ε R}
Relations and Functions
Range
LESSON TWO - Domain and Range
{y|-5 ≤ y < 1, y ε R} Lesson Notes

Example 2 domain and range of discrete graphs.

a) Domain: b) Domain:

Range: Range:

Example 3 domain and range of continuous graphs.

a) Domain: b) Domain:

Range: Range:

Example 4 domain and range of graphs with endpoints

a) Domain: b) Domain:

Range: Range:

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Relations and Functions Domain
{x|-6 < x ≤ 3, x ε R}
LESSON TWO - Domain and Range Range
Lesson Notes {y|-5 ≤ y < 1, y ε R}

Example 5 domain and range of parabolas and enclosed shapes

a) Domain: b) Domain:

Range: Range:

Example 6
A Ferris wheel has a radius of 12 m and makes one complete
revolution every two minutes. Riders board the wheel at a
height of one metre above the ground. A ride lasts for three
revolutions of the wheel. The graph of the motion is shown Set Notation
below. State the domain and range, in as many ways as possible.

Sentence

Discrete List

Number Lines
h
25
Interval Notation
20

15

10

1 2 3 4 5 6 t

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 Relations and Functions
f(x) LESSON THREE - Functions
Lesson Notes
For each of the following functions, complete the
Introduction table of values and draw the graph.

a) f(x) = x + 4

x f(x)
-2

-1

b) f(x) = 3x – 4

x f(x)
-2

-1

c) f(x) = x2 - 3

x f(x)
-2

-1

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Relations and Functions
LESSON THREE - Functions f(x)
Lesson Notes

Example 1 For each function, calculate f(3).

a) d)

b) e)
3

c) f)
3

Example 2 Use the graph of each function to determine the value of f(3).

a) c)

b) d)

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 Relations and Functions
f(x) LESSON THREE - Functions
Lesson Notes

Example 3 Determine which of the following graphs represents a function.

a) b) c) d)

Function: Yes No Function: Yes No Function: Yes No Function: Yes No

Example 4
a) Given f(x) = 5x + 2, the point (k, 12) exists on the graph. Find k.

b) Given f(x) = , the point (k, -13) exists on the graph. Find k.

c) Does the point (-11, 81) exist on the graph of f(x) = -7x + 3?

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Relations and Functions
LESSON THREE - Functions f(x)
Lesson Notes

Example 5
A speed walker walks with a speed of 6 km/hour.

a) Use a table of values to determine the distance

walked in the first five hours.

t d
0
1
2
3 d) State the dependent and independent
variables.
4
dependent:
5
independent:

b) Write the distance function. e) Write the domain and range.

Distance Function
Domain: Range:

c) Draw the graph of this function.

Is the graph continuous or discrete?

f) How far does the speed walker

d(t)
travel in 1.4 hours?
30

24

18

12
g) How long does it take for the
6
speed walker to walk 15.6 km?

1 2 3 4 5 t

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 Relations and Functions
f(x) LESSON THREE - Functions
Lesson Notes

Example 6
The cost of a sandwich is $4.40 with two toppings,
and $5.00 with five toppings.

a) Use a table of values to determine the cost

of the sandwich for the first five toppings.

n C
0
1 d) State the dependent and independent
2 variables.

3 dependent:
independent:
4
5 e) Write the domain and range.

Domain: Range:
b) Write the cost function.
Cost Function

c) Draw the graph of this function. f) What is the price of a sandwich with
Is the graph continuous or discrete? seven toppings?
There are 10 toppings available.
C(n)
6.00
5.80
5.60
5.40
5.20
5.00 g) How many toppings are on a $5.80 sandwich?
4.80
4.60
4.40
4.20
4.00

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 n

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This page is left blank intentionally for correct page alignment.
 x=0
y - intercept
(0, y) Relations and Functions
y=0 (x, 0)
LESSON FOUR - Intercepts
x - intercept Lesson Notes

Introduction Find the intercepts and draw the graph.

a) y = 4x - 8

2
b) f(x) = x+2
3

d(t)
c) d(t) = -2t + 18 18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 t

Example 1
a) The function f(x) = 2x + k has a b) The function f(x) = 3x + k has an
y-intercept of -5. Find the value of k. x-intercept of -2. Find the value of k.

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Relations and Functions x=0
y - intercept
(0, y)

LESSON FOUR - Intercepts y=0 (x, 0)

Lesson Notes x - intercept

Example 2
A cylindrical tank with 45 L of water is being
drained at a rate of 5 L/min.

a) Graph the volume of the tank.

V(t)
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 t

b) Write a function to represent this scenario.

c) What does each intercept represent?

d) State the domain and range.

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 x=0
y - intercept
(0, y) Relations and Functions
y=0 (x, 0)
LESSON FOUR - Intercepts
x - intercept Lesson Notes

Example 3
A mountain climber is at the peak of a mountain with an altitude of 1400 m.
It takes 8 hours for the climber to return to ground level. The climber can
descend the mountain at an average speed of 175 m/hour.

a) Graph the height of the mountain climber.

h(t)
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 t

b) Write a function to represent this scenario.

c) What does each intercept represent?

d) State the domain and range.

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This page is left blank intentionally for correct page alignment.
 d(t)
Relations and Functions
LESSON FIVE - Interpreting Graphs
t
Lesson Notes

Introduction
In a 100 m fish race, there are three competitors.

Teleporting Fish - has the ability to instantly warp from location to location.
Instant-Speed Fish - can reach any desired speed instantly without accelerating.
Real-World Fish - must speed up and slow down, just like objects in reality.

a) Teleporting Fish spends the first 20 s of the race resting at the start line. He then warps to the
midpoint of the track and rests for another 20 seconds. Finally, he warps to the end and waits 20
seconds while the other fish arrive. Graph this motion.
d(t)
100

50

10 20 30 40 50 60 t
b) Instant-Speed Fish begins the race at 2.5 m/s, and sustains that speed for 20 seconds until she
reaches the midpoint. After resting for 20 seconds, she resumes her speed of 2.5 m/s and heads
to the finish line. d(t)
100

50

10 20 30 40 50 60 t
c) Real-World Fish accelerates to a speed of 2.5 m/s in 6 seconds, holds that speed for 8 seconds,
and then decelerates to zero in 6 seconds - this brings him to the midpoint.
After resting for 20 seconds, Real-World fish repeats the motion - accelerate for 6 seconds,
hold the speed for 8 seconds, and decelerate for 6 seconds. This brings him to the finish line.
d(t)
100

50

10 20 30 40 50 60 t

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Relations and Functions d(t)

LESSON FIVE - Interpreting Graphs

Lesson Notes t

Example 1
Alex walked halfway to school, but realized he forgot
his calculator. He turned around, ran back home, and Distance from
600 m
searched his room for five minutes trying to find the home to school
calculator. He then ran two-thirds of the way back to Alex's running speed 2 m/s
school, but got tired and had to walk the remaining
third. Draw a graph representing Alex's journey. Assume Alex's walking speed 1 m/s
instant speed changes.
distance
Drawing the graph exactly requires calculations using time = .
speed
Find ordered pairs that will let you draw the graph. Use the space below for your work.
i) walking to school ii) running back home iii) looking for iv) running to school v) walking to school
calculator

d(t)
600

550

500

450

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 t

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 d(t)
Relations and Functions
LESSON FIVE - Interpreting Graphs
t Lesson Notes

Example 2
Each of the following graphs represents a potential path Naomi can take from home to school.
Determine if each graph represents a possible or impossible motion.

a) d(t) b) d(t) c) d(t)

t t t
Possible: Yes No Possible: Yes No Possible: Yes No

Example 3
Represent each of the following motions in graphical form.

a) A ball is thrown straight b) A rubber ball is dropped c) The swimming pool

up and falls back down. and bounces three times. below is filled with water.

h(t) h(t) h(t)

t t t

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Relations and Functions d(t)

LESSON FIVE - Interpreting Graphs

Lesson Notes t

Example 4
The following table shows the Canada Post 2010
price list for mailing letters within Canada.

Letter Mass Price

up to (and including) 30 g $0.57
up to (and including) 50 g $1.00
up to (and including) 100 g $1.22
up to (and including) 200 g $2.00
up to (and including) 300 g $2.75
up to (and including) 400 g $3.00
up to (and including) 500 g $3.25

a) Graph this data b) State the domain and range

C(m) Domain: Range:

4.00

3.00

2.00

1.00

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 m

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 Answer Key
Relations and Functions Lesson One: Graphing Relations
Introduction:
a) Caitlin bikes 250 metres for every minute she travels. b) {(0, 0), (1, 250), (2, 500), (3, 750), (4, 1000), (5, 1250)}
c) d) d = 250t e) d
0 0
1250
1 250 Example 1:
1000 a) x y b) x y
2 500
750 -2 7 -2 -2
3 750 -1 5 -1 -1
500
4 1000 0 3 0 0
250 1 1 1 1
5 1250
2 -1 2 2
1 2 3 4 5 t

Example 2: a) b) Example 4: R = 12n Example 5: V = 3t Example 6: y = -2x + 4

x y x y n R R t V V x y
0 0 60 0 0 15
-2 4 -4 -1 -2 8
-1 1 -2 0 1 12 48 1 3 12
-1 6
2 24 36 2 6 9
0 4
0 0 0 1
3 36 24 3 9 6
1 1 2 2 1 2
4 48 12 4 12 3
2 4 4 3 5 60 5 15 2 0
non-linear relation linear relation discrete relation 1 2 3 4 5 n continuous relation 1 2 3 4 5 t continuous relation

Example 3: Example 7: a) E = 0.08s + 600 c) E d) linear

920
a) dependent variable: R, independent variable: n, e) continuous
b) s E 840
rate: $3/box, equation: R = 3n
0 600 760
f) earnings is
b) dependent variable: d, independent variable: t, 1 680 680 dependent, sales
rate: 9 m/s, equation: d = 9t 2 760 600 is independent.

c) dependent variable: P, independent variable: d, 3 840

s g) $1 096

4000
1000

2000

3000
4 920
rate: 10 kPa/m, equation: P = 10d
h) $12 000

Relations and Functions Lesson Two: Domain and Range c) Domain: {x|-4 ≤ x <3, x ε R}
Introduction: Range: {y|-6 ≤ y < 2, y ε R}
a) b)
d) Domain: {3, 7, 8}
Domain: All real numbers Domain:
between -4 and 0, but not including -4. Range: {-2, 0, 9}
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Range: All real numbers

Range: e) Domain: (-∞, ∞)
between -1 and 8, but not including -1.
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Range: [-2, 1]

Example 1: a) {-5, -1, 4, 9} b) {n|n≥-3, nεR} c) {n|n<-1, nεR} d) {n|1<n<6, nεR} e) {n|-7<n≤3, nεR}
Example 2: a) {-5,-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1}, {-9,-6,-3,0,3,6,9} b) {-10,-8,-6,-4,-2,0,2,4,6,8,10}, {2} Example 3: a) xεR, yεR b) x=6, yεR
Example 4: a) x > -4, y < -2 b) -6 < x ≤ 5, -4 < y ≤ 0 Example 5: a) x ε R, y ≥ -3 b) -2 ≤ x ≤ 6, -2 ≤ y ≤ 6
Example 6:
Sentence: The domain is between 0 and 6, and the range is between 1 and 25. Set Notation: 0 ≤ t ≤ 6, 1 ≤ h ≤ 25
Number Lines: Domain: Range: Intervals: [0, 6], [1, 25]
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 25

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Answer Key
Relations and Functions Lesson Three: Functions Example 1: a) -16 b) 7 c) -4
Introduction: d) 7 e) 4 f) 5
a) x f(x) b) x f(x) c) x f(x) Example 2: a) -6 b) 2 c) 3 d) -2
-2 2 -2 -10 -2 1
-1 3 -1 -7 -1 -2 Example 3: a) no b) yes
0 4 0 -4 0 -3 c) no d) yes
1 5 1 -1 1 -2
2 6 2 2 2 1 Example 4: a) 2 b) 24 c) no
Example 5: Example 6:
a) t d c) d(t) continuous graph d) dependent: d a) n C c) C(n) discrete graph d) dependent: C
30 6.00
0 0 independent: t 0 4.00
5.80
independent: n
1 6 24 1 4.20 5.60 e) Domain: {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
5.40
2 12 18 e) t ≥ 0, d ≥ 0 2 4.40
5.20
6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
3 18 3 4.60 Range: {4.00, 4.20, 4.40, 4.60,4.80,
12 5.00 5.00, 5.20, 5.40, 5.60, 5.80, 6.00}
4 24 4 4.80 4.80
6
f) 8.4 km 4.60
5 30 5 5.00
4.40
f) $5.40
g) 15.6 km 4.20
b) d(t) = 6t 1 2 3 4 5 t b) C(n) = 0.20n + 4.00 4.00 g) 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 n

Relations and Functions Lesson Four: Intercepts

Introduction: Example 2: Example 3:
a) x-intercept: (2, 0) b) x-intercept: (-3, 0) c) t-intercept: (9, 0) a) V(t) a) h(t)
y-intercept: (0, -8) y-intercept: (0, 2) d-intercept: (0, 18) 45 2000
40 1800
d(t) 35 1600
30 1400
18
1200
16 25
1000
14 20 800
12
15 600
10
10 400
8 200
6 5
4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 t
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 t
2

b) V(t) = -5t + 45 b) h(t) = -175t + 1400

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 t
c) The h-intercept is the initial height of the
Example 1: c) The V-intercept is the initial climber (1400 m). The t-intercept is the time
volume of water. The t-intercept
a) k = -5 b) k = 6 the climber reaches the ground (8 hours).
is the time when the tank is empty
d) 0 ≤ t ≤ 8, 0 ≤ h ≤ 1400
d) 0 ≤ t ≤ 9, 0 ≤ V ≤ 45

Relations and Functions Lesson Five: Interpreting Graphs Example 3: Example 4:

a) h(t) a) C(m)
Introduction: Example 1: Example 2: 4.00
a) d(t) d(t) a) impossible
100
600
50 b) possible 3.00
t
10 20 30 40 50 60 t
500 c) impossible b) h(t)
2.00
b) d(t)
400
100

50 1.00
300
t
10 20 30 40 50 60 t
200 c) h(t)
c) d(t)
100 200 300 400 500 m
100
100
50 b) 0 < m ≤ 500,
t
{0.57, 1.00, 1.22, 2.00, 2.75, 3.00, 3.25}
10 20 30 40 50 60 t 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 t

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