Flowchart
23jul22
⚫ A flowchart is a graphical representation of an
algorithm.
⚫ These flowcharts play a vital role in the
programming of a problem and are quite helpful in
understanding the logic of complicated and lengthy
problems.
⚫ Once the flowchart is drawn, it becomes easy to
write the program in any high level language.
Flowchart
Flowchart
⚫ A flowchart can therefore be used to:
Define and analyze processes
Build a step-by-step picture of the process for analysis,
discussion, or communication
Define, standardize or find areas for improvement in a
process
Flowchart
Flowchart
Flowchart
Flowchart Symbols
Start and End symbols
⚫ Represented as lozenges, ovals or rounded rectangles
⚫ Usually containing the word "Start" or "End", or another
phrase signalling the start or end of a process, such as
"submit enquiry" or "receive product".
Flowchart
Flowchart Symbols
Arrows
⚫ Showing what's called "flow of control" in computer
science.
⚫ An arrow coming from one symbol and ending at
another symbol.
⚫ Represents that control passes to the symbol the arrow
points to.
Flowchart
Flowchart Symbols
Processing steps
⚫ Represented as rectangles.
⚫ Examples: “Add 1 to X"; "replace identified part";
"save changes" or similar.
Flowchart
Flowchart Symbols
Input/Output
⚫ Represented as a parallelogram.
⚫ Examples: Get X from the user; display X.
Flowchart
Flowchart Symbols
Conditional or decision
⚫ Represented as a diamond (rhombus).
⚫ These typically contain a Yes/No question or
True/False test.
Algorithms
Flowchart Symbols
Display
⚫ Indicates a process flow step where information is
displayed to a person (e.g., PC user, machine
operator).
Flowchart
Rules for Flowchart
1. Every flow chart has a START symbol and a STOP
symbol.
2. The flow of sequence is generally from the top of
the page to the bottom of the page. This can vary
with loops which need to flow back to an entry
point.
3. Use arrow-heads on connectors where flow
direction may not be obvious.
4. There is only one flow chart per page.
Flowchart
Rules for Flowchart
5. A page should have a page number and a title.
6. A flow chart on one page should not break and
jump to another page
7. A flow chart should have no more than around 15
symbols (not including START and STOP).
Flowchart
Advantages of Using Flowcharts
⚫ Communication: Flowcharts are better way of communicating
the logic of a system to all concerned.
⚫ Effective analysis: With the help of flowchart, problem can be
analysed in more effective way.
⚫ Proper documentation: Program flowcharts serve as a good
program documentation, which is needed for various purposes.
⚫ Efficient Coding: The flowcharts act as a guide or blueprint
during the systems analysis and program development phase.
Flowchart
Advantages of Using Flowcharts
⚫ Proper Debugging: The flowchart helps in debugging
process.
⚫ Efficient Program Maintenance: The maintenance of
operating program becomes easy with the help of flowchart. It
helps the programmer to put efforts more efficiently on that
part.
Flowchart
Basic Control Structures
⚫ Sequence
⚫ Selection
⚫ Loop
Flowchart
Basic Control Structures
Sequence
⚫ Steps that execute in sequence are represented by symbols that follow
each other top to bottom or left to right.
⚫ Top to bottom is the standard.
Flowchart
Basic Control Structures
Sequence
Flowchart
Basic Control Structures
Selection/Branching
⚫ Once the condition is evaluated, the control flows into one of two
paths.
⚫ Once the conditional execution is finished, the flows rejoin before
leaving the structure.
Flowchart
Basic Control Structures
Selection/Branching
Flowchart
Basic Control Structures
Loop
⚫ Either the processing repeats or the control leaves
the structure.
⚫ Notice that the return line joins the entry line
before the question.
Flowchart
Basic Control Structures
Loop
Flowchart
Example 1:
Algorithm:
Input: two numbers x and y
Output: the average of x and y
Steps:
1. input x
2. input y
3. sum = x + y
4. average = sum /2
5. output average
Flowchart
Example 1:
Flowchart
Example 2:
Draw a flowchart to find the largest of three numbers
A, B, and C.
Flowchart
Example 2:
Flowchart
Exercise:
Draw a flowchart diagram.
1.A program that compare the first number and
second number and display which one is the biggest.
2.Login screen to check the Username and
Password.
Flowchart
Exercise:
Draw a flowchart diagram.
1.A program that compare the first number and
second number and display which one is the biggest.
2.Login screen to check the Username and
Password.
End of Part 2
