The model is similar to the system response to 0 waves and the

stability limit, with everything else almost done below. If the actual system is

straightforward, looks isolated and lazy, it does not make much difference that

the model is fake, and the results are good enough.

The necessary steps for this approach are:

1. The combined and derived coefficient must be zero.

2. The corresponding coefficient increases gradually from zero until the

system begins to flow continuously. At this point, a coefficient equal to it is

called the maximum gain (Ku) and the downtime is called the end time (Tu)

(Table 2).

If we choose the classical Ziegler-Nichols tuning rule, we can determine

that the PID gains should be:

Loop gain Kp = 0.6 * Ku = 6.7

Integral time constant Ti = 0.5 * Tu = 0.033

Derivative time constant Td = 0.125 * Tu = .0083

Effects of increasing the parameters of PID controller

From the Table 3, we can examine the following parameters:

1. Maximum overshoot (Mp)

2. Setting time (Ts)

The maximum overshoot of the system is approximately 47.4% and the

Genetic algorithm is a random search method that can be used to solve

incompatible mathematical systems and improve complex problems. GA uses

1
the rules of possible modification instead of determining the rules and regulates

the number of possible solutions known as human or chromosomes that change

in sequence. Each duplication of the algorithm is called a generation. The

emergence of solutions is done through solid work with genetic suppliers such

as reproduction, crossover, and genetic modification. The genetic algorithm as

shown in Figure 5 usually starts with a random number. This number (mating

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3. Ali Y.S.E, Samsul Noor, S.M Bashi and Mohd Khair Hassan. “Microcontroller

performance for DC motor speed control system.” National Power and Energy

Conference. IEEE (2003).

4. Achanta, Ravi Kiran and Vinay Kumar Pamula. “DC motor speed control using PID

controller tuned by Jaya Optimization Algorithm.” IEEE International Conference on

Power, Control, Signals and Instrumentation Engineering (2017).

5. Dani, Siddhesh, Dayaram Sonawane, Deepak Ingole and Sanjay kumar Patil.

“Performance evaluation of PID, LQR and MPC for DC Motor Speed.” (2017).

6. Qi, Wei-min, Qiao-ling Ji, Yuan-chu Cheng and Wei- you Cai. "A design Of non  linear adap ve
PID controller based on genetic algorithm." IEEE (2006).

7. Hua, Ji and Zhiyong Li. "Design of neural network PID controller based on Brushless

DC motor." IEEE (2009).