Standard For Public Review
Standard For Public Review
Standard For Public Review
UGANDA STANDARD
First Edition
2020-06-16
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Hot-rolled steel sheet of high yield stress structural quality
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Reference number
US EAS 415: 2005
© UNBS 2020
US EAS 415: 2005
Compliance with this standard does not, of itself confer immunity from legal obligations
A Uganda Standard does not purport to include all necessary provisions of a contract. Users are
responsible for its correct application
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© UNBS 2020
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All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilised in any
form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without prior written
permission from UNBS.
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National foreword
Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) is a parastatal under the Ministry of Trade, Industry and
Cooperatives established under Cap 327, of the Laws of Uganda, as amended. UNBS is mandated to co-
ordinate the elaboration of standards and is
(a) a member of International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO),
(b) a contact point for the WHO/FAO Codex Alimentarius Commission on Food Standards, and
(c) the National Enquiry Point on TBT Agreement of the World Trade Organisation (WTO).
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The work of preparing Uganda Standards is carried out through Technical Committees. A Technical
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Committee is established to deliberate on standards in a given field or area and consists of representatives of
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consumers, traders, academicians, manufacturers, government and other stakeholders.
Draft Uganda Standards adopted by the Technical Committee are widely circulated to stakeholders and the
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general public for comments. The committee reviews the comments before recommending the draft standards
for approval and declaration as Uganda Standards by the National Standards Council.
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This Uganda Standard, US EAS 415: 2005, Hot-rolled steel sheet of high yield stress structural quality, is
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identical with and has been reproduced from an East African Standard, EAS 415: 2005, Hot-rolled steel sheet
of high yield stress structural quality, and adopted as a Uganda Standard.
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The committee responsible for this document is Technical Committee UNBS/TC 4, Mechanical engineering
and metallurgy.
Wherever the words, “East African Standard" appear, they should be replaced by "Uganda Standard".
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Table of contents
1 Scope .......................................................................................................................................... 1
2 Normative reference .................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions................................................................................................................... 1
4 Conditions of manufacture ........................................................................................................... 2
4.1 Steelmaking ........................................................................................................................ 2
4.2 Chemical composition ......................................................................................................... 2
4.3 Chemical analysis ............................................................................................................... 2
4.4 Weldability........................................................................................................................... 3
4.5 Application........................................................................................................................... 3
4.6 Mechanical properties ......................................................................................................... 3
4.7 Surface condition................................................................................................................. 3
4.8 Oiling ................................................................................................................................... 3
5 Dimensional tolerances................................................................................................................ 4
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6 Tensile test sampling ................................................................................................................... 7
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7 Tensile test .................................................................................................................................. 7
8 Retests ........................................................................................................................................ 8
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8.1 Machining and flaws............................................................................................................ 8
8.2 Elongation ........................................................................................................................... 8
8.3 Additional tests .................................................................................................................... 8
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9 Resubmission .............................................................................................................................. 8
10 Workmanship........................................................................................................................... 8
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11 Inspection and acceptance ...................................................................................................... 8
12 Coil Size .................................................................................................................................. 8
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13 Marking.................................................................................................................................... 9
14 Information to be supplied by the purchaser ............................................................................ 9
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Foreword
Development of the East African Standards has been necessitated by the need for harmonizing
requirements governing quality of products and services in East Africa. It is envisaged that through
harmonized standardization, trade barriers which are encountered when goods and services are
exchanged within the Community will be removed.
In order to achieve this objective, the Partner States in the Community through their National Bureaux
of Standards, have established an East African Standards Committee.
The Committee is composed of representatives of the National Standards Bodies in Partner States,
together with the representatives from the private sectors and consumer organizations. Draft East
African Standards are circulated to stakeholders through the National Standards Bodies in the Partner
States. The comments received are discussed and incorporated before finalization of standards, in
accordance with the procedures of the Community.
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East African Standards are subject to review, to keep pace with technological advances. Users of the
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East African Standards are therefore expected to ensure that they always have the latest versions of
the standards they are implementing.
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© East African Community 2005 — All rights reserved*
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East African Community
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P O Box 1096
Arusha BL
Tanzania
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E-Mail: [email protected]
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Web: www.each.org
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*
© 2005 EAC — All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for EAC Partner States’ NSBs.
1 Scope
1.1 This East African Standard applies to hot-rolled steel sheet of high yield stress structural
quality in the grades and classes listed in Tables 1 and 2, with the use of microalloying elements. The
product is intended for structural purposes where particular mechanical properties are required. It is
generally used in the delivered condition and is intended for bolted, riveted or welded structures.
Because of the combination of higher strength and microalloy composition, it is possible to obtain
savings in mass along with better formability and weldability as compared with steel sheet without
microalloying elements. The product is produced on a wide strip mill, not a plate mill.
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1.2 This product is commonly produced in thicknesses from 1.6 mm to 6 mm and widths of 600
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mm and over, in coils and cut lengths.
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1.3 Hot-rolled sheet less than 600 mm wide may be slit from wide sheet and considered as sheet.
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NOTE Hot-rolled sheet up to but not including 3 mm in thickness is commonly known as “sheet”. Hot-rolled sheet 3 mm and
over in thickness is commonly known as either “sheet” or “plate”.
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1.4 This East African Standard does not cover steel intended for boilers or pressure vessels,
steels designated as commercial quality or drawing qualities (ISO 3573, Hot-rolled carbon steel sheet
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of commercial and drawing qualities), steels to be rerolled to cold-reducing products, steels
designated as weathering steels, having increased atmospheric corrosion resistance or steels having
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2 Normative reference
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The following normative document contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute
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provisions of this East African Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or
revisions of, this publication do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this East African
Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the
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normative document indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative
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document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid
International Standards.
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For the purposes of this East African Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
microalloying elements
elements, such as niobium, vanadium, titanium, etc., added singly or in combination to obtain higher
strength levels combined with better formability, weldability and toughness as compared to non-
alloyed steel produced to equivalent strength levels
3.2
hot-rolled steel sheet
product obtained by rolling heated steel through a continuous-type or reversing-type wide strip mill to
the required sheet thickness the product having a surface covered with oxide or scale resulting from
the hot rolling operation
3.3
hot-rolled descaled steel sheet
hot-rolled steel sheet from which oxide or scale has been removed, commonly by pickling in an acid
solution
NOTE Descaling may also be performed by mechanical means such as grit blasting. Some changes in properties may result
from descaling.
3.4
edges
3.4.1
mill edge
normal edge without any definite contour produced in hot rolling
NOTE Mill edges may contain some irregularities such as cracked or torn edges or thin (feathered) edges.
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3.4.2
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sheared edge
normal edge obtained by shearing, slitting or trimming a mill edge product
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NOTE Normal processing does not necessarily provide a definite positioning of the slitting burr.
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3.5
aluminum killed
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steel which has been deoxidized with aluminum sufficient to prevent the evolution of gas during
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4 Conditions of manufacture
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4.1 Steelmaking
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Unless otherwise agreed by the interested parties, the processes used in making the steel and in
manufacturing hot-rolled sheet are left to the discretion of the manufacturer. On request, the
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The chemical composition (heat analysis) shall conform to the requirements given in Table 1.
An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the manufacturer in order to determine compliance
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with the requirements given in Table 1. When requested, at the time of ordering, this analysis shall be
reported to the purchaser or to his representative.
A product analysis may be made by the purchaser in order to verify the specified analysis of the
product and shall take into consideration any normal heterogeneity. Non-killed steels (such as rimmed
or capped) are not technologically suited to product analysis. For aluminum killed steels, the sampling
method and deviation limits shall be agreed upon between the interested parties at the time of
ordering.
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NOTE 2 Each grade includes at least one microalloying element such as vanadium, titanium, niobium, etc.
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Class C steels are to be used in cases where, owing to conditions and the general design of the structure, some
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resistance to brittle fracture is necessary. Class D steels are to be used in cases where,owing to loading conditions and the
general design of the structure, a high resistance to brittle fracture is necessary.
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b
NE = non-rimming; CS = aluminum killed.
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4.4 Weldability
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The product is suitable for welding if appropriate welding conditions are selected. For undescaled
steel it may be necessary to remove the scale or oxide depending upon the welding method. As the
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carbon content increases above 0.15 %, spot welding becomes increasingly difficult.
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4.5 Application
It is desirable that the specified product be identified for fabrication by the name of the part or by the
intended application, which shall be compatible with the grade and class specified. Proper
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identification of the part may include visual examination, prints or description, or a combination of
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these.
At the time that the steel is made available for shipment, the mechanical properties shall be as stated
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in Table 2, if they are determined on test pieces obtained in accordance with the requirements of
clause 7.
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Oxide or scale on hot-rolled steel sheet is subject to variations in thickness, adherence and colour.
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Removal of the oxide or scale by pickling or blast cleaning may disclose surface imperfections not
readily visible prior to this operation.
4.8 Oiling
As a deterrent to rusting, a coating of oil is usually applied to hot-rolled descaled steel sheet but sheet
may be furnished not oiled, if required. The oil is not intended as a drawing or forming lubricant and
should be easily removable with degreasing chemicals. On request, the manufacturer shall advise the
purchaser which type of oil has been used. Hot rolled descaled steel sheet may be ordered unoiled, if
required, in which case, the supplier has limited responsibility if oxidation occurs.
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A percentage elongation after fracture;
Lo initial gauge length on test piece;
So original cross-sectional area of gauge length;
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e thickness of steel sheet, in millimetres.
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1 N/mm = 1 MPa
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The yield stress values can be measured by 0.5 % elongation proof stress (proof stress under load) or by 0.2 %
offset when a definite yield phenomenon is not present.
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b
For thicknesses up to 3 mm, use either Lo = 50 mm or Lo = 80 mm. For thicknesses from 3 mm to 6 mm, use either
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L0 - 5.65 S 0 or Lo = 50 mm. In case of dispute, however, only the results obtained on a proportional test piece will
be valid for material 3 mm and over in thickness. BL
5 Dimensional tolerances
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5.1 Dimensional tolerances applicable to hot-rolled steel sheet of high yield stress structural
quality shall be as given in Tables 3 to 11 inclusive.
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Table 3 — Normal thickness tolerances for hot-rolled sheet steel (including descaled sheet),
coils and cut lengths
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Values in millimetres
Specified Thickness tolerance, for specified thickness
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width ≤ 2.0 >2.0 ≤ 2.5 >2.5 ≤ 3.0 >3.0 ≤ 4.0 >4.0 ≤ 5.0 > 5.0 ≤ 6.0
600 ≤ 1200 ± 0.17 ± 0.18 ± 0.20 ± 0.22 ± 0.24 ± 0.26
>1200 ≤1 500
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Total length l in metres = 90 provided that the result was not greater than 20 m.
Thickness in mm
NOTE 2 Thickness is measured at any point on the sheet not less than 25 mm from a trimmed edge and 40 mm from an
untrimmed edge. Points closer than these are subject to negotiation.
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NOTE 3 For specified strength levels of Re = 360 N/mm and greater, increase the thickness tolerances by 10 % applying
normal rounding off procedures.
Table 4 — Restricted thickness tolerances for hot-rolled sheet steel (including descaled sheet),
coils and cut lengths
Values in millimetres
Specified Thickness tolerance, for specified thickness
width
≤ 2.0 >2.0 ≤ 2.5 >2.5 ≤ 3.0 >3.0 ≤ 4.0 >4.0 ≤ 5.0 >5.0 ≤ 6.0
600 ≤ 1200 ± 0.13 ± 0.14 ± 0.15 ± 0.17 ± 0.19 ± 0.21
>1200 ≤1500 ± 0.14 ± 0.15 ± 0.17 ± 0.18 ± 0.21 ± 0.22
>1500 ≥1800 ± 0.14 ± 0.17 ± 0,19 ± 0.21 ± 0.22 ± 0.23
>1 800 — ± 0.20 ± 0.21 ± 0.22 ± 0.23 ± 0.25
NOTE 1 The values specified do not apply to the uncropped ends for a total length l of a mill edge coil. The total length l
would be calculated using the following formula:
Total length l in metres = 90 provided that the result was not greater than 20 m.
Thickness in mm
NOTE 2 Thickness is measured at any point on the sheet not less than 25 mm from a trimmed edge and 40 mm from
an untrimmed edge. Points closer than these are subject to negotiation.
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NOTE 3 For specified strength levels of ReL = 360 N/mm and greater, increase the thickness tolerances by 10 %
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applying normal rounding off procedures.
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Table 5 — Width tolerances for coils and cut lengths (including descaled material), mill edge
Values in millimetres
Specified widths Tolerance
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≤1 500 +20
−0
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>1 500
−0
NOTE The values specified do not apply to the uncropped ends for a total length l of a mill edge coil. The total length l
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Table 6 — Width tolerances for coils and cut lengths (including descaled material), sheared
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≤ 1 200 +3
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−0
+5
>1200 ≤ 1500
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+6
>1500 −0
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NOTE For resquared material more restrictive tolerances are subject to negotiation.
Table 7 — Length tolerances for cut lengths (including descaled material), not resquared
Values in millimetres
Specified lengths Tolerance
≤ 2 000 +10
−0
+40
> 8 000
−0
NOTE For resquared material more restrictive tolerances are subject to negotiation.
Table 8 — Camber tolerances for coils and cut lengths (including descaled material), not
resquared
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Table 9 — Out-of-square tolerance for cut lengths (including descaled material), not resquared
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Values in millimetres
Specified length Specified width Out of square tolerances
≤ 6 mm thickness
≤ 3000 ≤ 1200 +2
−0
> 1200 +3
−0
> 3000 All widths +3
−0
NOTE 1 Out of square is the greatest deviation of an edge from a straight line at right angles to a side and touching
one corner, the measurement being taken as shown in Figure 2. It can also be measured as one-half the difference
between the diagonals of the cut length sheet.
NOTE 2 When measuring material to resquared tolerances, consideration may have to be given to extreme variations
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in temperature.
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Table 11 — Standard flatness tolerances for cut lengths (including descaled material)
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Values in millimetres
Specified thicknesses Specified width Flatness tolerances a
≤ 1200
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≤2 >1200 ≤1500 32
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Over 1500 45
≤ 1200 BL 27
>2 >1200 ≤1500 35
>1500 42
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NOTE These tolerances are only applicable to sheet up to and including 5000 mm length. Tolerances for sheet
having a length exceeding 5 000 mm shall be subject to agreement. This table also applies to sheet cut to length from
coil by the customer when adequate flattening procedures are performed.
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Maximum deviation from a flat horizontal surface. With the sheet lying under its own weight on a flat surface, the
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maximum distance between the lower surface of the sheet and the flat horizontal surface is the maximum deviation
from flatness (see Figure 3).
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7 Tensile test
The tensile test shall be carried out in accordance with ISO 6892. Transverse test pieces shall be
taken midway between the centre and edge of the sheet as rolled.
8 Retests
If any test piece shows defective machining or develops flaws, it shall be discarded and another test
piece substituted.
8.2 Elongation
If the percentage elongation of any test piece is less than that specified in Table 2 and if any part of
the fracture is outside the middle half of the gauge length as scribed before the test, the test shall be
discarded and a retest shall be carried out.
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If a test does not give the specified results, two more tests shall be carried out at random on the same
lot. Both retests shall conform to the requirements of this International Standard; otherwise the lot
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may be rejected.
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9 Resubmission
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The manufacturer may resubmit for acceptance the products that have been rejected during earlier
inspection because of unsatisfactory properties, after he has subjected them to a suitable treatment
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(selection, heat treatment), which, on request, will be indicated to the purchaser.
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In this case, the tests should be carried out as if they applied to a new batch.
The manufacturer has the right to present the rejected products to a new examination for compliance
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10 Workmanship
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The surface condition shall be that normally obtained in a hot-rolled or hot-rolled and descaled
product.
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The steel sheet in cut lengths shall be free from any lamination, surface flaws and other imperfections
that are detrimental to the final product or to subsequent appropriate processing.
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Processing for shipment in coils does not afford the manufacturer the opportunity of readily observing
or removing imperfect portions as can be carried out on the cut length product.
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purchaser specifies that inspection and tests for acceptance be observed prior to shipment from the
manufacturer's works, the manufacturer shall afford the purchaser's inspector all reasonable facilities
to determine that the steel is being furnished in accordance with this International Standard.
11.2 Steel that is reported to be defective after arrival at the user's works shall be set aside,
properly and correctly identified and adequately protected. The manufacturer shall be notified in order
that he may properly investigate.
12 Coil Size
When hot-rolled steel sheet is ordered in coils, a minimum inside diameter (ID) or range of acceptable
inside diameters shall be specified. In addition, the maximum outside diameter (OD) and the
maximum acceptable coil mass shall be specified.
13 Marking
Unless otherwise stated, the following minimum requirements for identifying the steel shall be legibly
stencilled on the top of each lift or shown on a tag attached to each coil or shipping unit:
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g) the mass.
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14 Information to be supplied by the purchaser
To specify requirements adequately according to this International Standard, inquiries and orders
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shall include the following information:
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a) number of this International Standard;
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b) the name, quality, grade and class of material (for example, hot-rolled steel sheet, high yield stress
structural quality, grade HS355 class C);
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e) whether pickling or descaling by grit or shot blasting is required (material so specified shall be oiled
unless ordered not oiled) (see 4.8);
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h) the report of the mechanical properties and/or the heat analysis, if required (see 4.6 and 4.3.1);
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i) limitations on masses and dimensions of individual coils and bundles, if applicable (see clause 12);
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j) inspection and tests for acceptance prior to shipment from the manufacturer's works, if required
(see 11.1);
International Standard 4996, hot-rolled steel sheet, high yield stress structural quality, grade HS355
class D, 3 × 1200 × 2440 mm, 40 000 kg, for Part No. 5432, bumper bracket, edge trimmed, furnish
report of mechanical properties, maximum lift 4 000 kg.