11 IV April 2023

https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.50313
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue IV Apr 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

IOT Based Real Time Weather Monitoring System

Using NODEMCU
Rupali Pal1, Firdos Shaikh2, Janhvi Shirodkar3, Shrinidhi Gindi4
1, 2, 3
Student, Information Technology, M.H. Saboo Siddik College of Engineering, Byculla, Mumbai- 400008, India
4
Assistant Professor, Information Technology, M.H. Saboo Siddik College of Engineering, Byculla, Mumbai- 400008, India

Abstract: Real-time weather monitoring systems are essential for collecting and analyzing weather data, providing critical
information for a range of applications, including agriculture, transportation, and disaster management. This research paper
presents a weather monitoring system using the NodeMCU platform, which enables real-time data collection and transmission
over the internet. The system includes various sensors to measure temperature, humidity, air pressure, and wind speed, and
direction, with the data collected transmitted to a cloud-based platform for storage and analysis. The NodeMCU's WiFi
connectivity allows for remote monitoring and control of the system, providing real-time access to weather data from anywhere
in the world. The system's performance is evaluated through experiments conducted in real-world weather conditions,
demonstrating its reliability and accuracy. The cost-effectiveness and scalability of the system are also evaluated, demonstrating
its affordability and reliability as a solution for weather monitoring. The paper concludes with recommendations for future
improvements and applications to the system.
Keywords: NodeMCU, Thingspeak, BMP180, DHT11, Rain Sensor

I. INTRODUCTION
Monitoring weather’s condition plays an extensive role in today’s ever-changing world. The impact of the state of the environment
creates a number of difficulties in a variety of industries, including agriculture, industry, construction, and more. However, the
estimated impact primarily affects industry and agriculture.[1]
The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) has opened new opportunities for developing weather monitoring systems that can
transmit data in real-time. A weather monitoring system is a piece of equipment that uses several sensors to gather information
about the weather and environment. There are two different kinds of weather stations: one that has its own sensors, and the other
that gets its data from the servers of other weather stations. Weather stations are also called weather centres, personal weather
stations, professional weather stations, home weather stations, weather forecaster, and forecasters. The ability to collect and analyze
real-time weather data provides valuable information that can be used to make informed decisions and act accordingly.[2]
This paper presents a real-time weather monitoring system using the NodeMCU, which provides an affordable and reliable solution
for weather monitoring.
The NodeMCU is a widely used IoT development board that can connect to the internet through WiFi. The system developed in this
paper includes various sensors such as thermistor to take temperature readings, a barometer to measure the atmospheric pressure,
capacitive humidity sensor to measure humidity, rain sensor to measure rainfall, and more. The collected data is transmitted in real-
time to a cloud-based platform for storage and analysis, enabling remote access from anywhere in the world. The system's hardware
and software are detailed, providing a guide for replicating and customizing the system.[3]
The system's performance is evaluated through experiments conducted in real-world weather conditions. The results of the study
show that the system can provide accurate and timely weather data, making it a valuable tool for various applications. The system's
accuracy and reliability are evaluated by comparing the collected data to official weather data sources. The system's ability to
operate in various weather conditions is also tested, demonstrating its ability to operate in extreme weather conditions. Findings
demonstrate that the system can deliver precise and timely meteorological data, making it a useful tool in monitoring weather
conditions.
The study also evaluates the system's cost-effectiveness and scalability. The NodeMCU provides an affordable and reliable solution
for weather monitoring, making it accessible to individuals and organizations alike.
The scalability of the system is evaluated by testing the system's ability to handle a large number of nodes, demonstrating its ability
to operate on a large scale. The system's remote monitoring and control capabilities are also evaluated, demonstrating its ability to
provide real-time access to weather data from anywhere in the world.

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 2965
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue IV Apr 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

The cloud-based platform used for data storage and analysis provides a user-friendly interface for accessing and visualizing weather
data. User can collect the measurements by the sensors at any time.
It can even be viewed on mobile handsets or tablet. This means that whenever user want to know what the temperature is, user can
have access to information in real time. The system's hardware and software can be customized to meet specific needs, making it
suitable for various applications.[4]
The NodeMCU-based real-time weather monitoring system created in this paper offers reasonable and dependable weather
monitoring option. The system's accuracy, reliability, cost-effectiveness, scalability, and remote monitoring capabilities make it a
valuable tool for various applications. The study demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of using the NodeMCU for weather
monitoring, providing a foundation for future research and development in this area such as connecting it to the satellite as a global
feature of this system. [5][6]

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

A. Cost Effective Automatic Weather Station a Review, Mrs. M. M. Raste, Ms. A. A. Pujari, Vinayak Aappasaheb Pujari, 2016
The proposed system uses the solar power panel. This system is used to monitor temperature, wind speed, wind direction, humidity
and rain. The sensed data will be sent to GSM module and through gateway to the personal computer. A server is connected to the
database.[7]

B. Real Time Data Transmission for Weather Monitoring System, Ms. Poonam Khermalis, Ms. Sanika Doke, Ms. Varsha
Dherange, Prof. Satyashil Nagrale, 2016
Proposed the weather monitoring system using real time data transmission. The proposed system uses VAISALA weather
transmitter sensor WXT520 to transmit the data to the control room. It senses the parameters like wind speed, wind direction,
precipitation, atmospheric pressure, temperature, relative humidity. This real time data is transmitted wirelessly through GSM over
long distance. This system provides flexibility as needs changes.[8]

C. Weather Forecasting using Arduino Based Cube-Sat, R. Bhattacharjee, M. Sau Giri, P. Bhattacharya, 2016
M. Rahaman Laskar et al. presented paper on weather forecasting using Arduino and Cube-Sat.: This proposed system uses
temperature and humidity sensor (DHT11), pressure and altitude sensor (BMP180) and accelerometer (ADXL-335). The data
processing unit Arduino Uno is used. Cube satellite is used to provide information of weather from anywhere without using
network. A gas balloon is used to hold and carry the Cube satellite. This system is simple to construct, portable, cost efficient, low
power consuming and reliable. But there are some limitations such as device may not communicate at long distance without
powerful transceiver section, at higher altitude record of data with the help of gas balloon may be a problem and components may
be damaged by rain or long-time use.[9]

III. PROPOSED SYSTEM

Weather conditions are tracked in the environment, or any particular building and information are transferred to the cloud server.
The fact that this system would manually communicate the information about the current environment will be advantageous. One
can access the information about the weather from any part of the world.[10]
The main aim is to design and implement a resourceful weather monitoring system through which the necessary parameters are
remotely monitored via the Internet and the data collected from the devices are stored in the cloud and the predictable trend is
projected on the web browser.[11]
In this study, the groundwork is laid for an effective method of tracking local weather conditions and making the data accessible
from anywhere in the world.
The Internet of Things (IoT), which is an efficient and effective method for joining the things to the web and to connect the entire
universe of things in a network, is the technological advancement that underpins this. Anything like electronic devices, sensors, and
automobile electronics could be present here.
The system functions with tracking and monitoring environmental circumstances such as temperature, relative humidity, pressure
and quantity of rainfall with sensors and whenever these scores exceed a selected threshold limit for each.
Conditions of the environment can be tracked by gathering the data from the sensors and deposited in the cloud and analysed
there.[5][6]

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 2966
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue IV Apr 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

A. Proposed Architecture of the system

Fig 1.: Architecture of proposed system

The architecture for the suggested concept is shown in figure above. The NodeMCU, a Wi-Fi capable microcontroller, is coupled to
a temperature sensor (DHT11), barometric pressure sensor (BMP180), and raindrop sensor. The NodeMCU connects to the internet
through an internet router and provides data to ThingSpeak, an IoT platform for data collection and analysis. Using the IP address of
the Wi-Fi router, the data is then evaluated and displayed on the data analysis platform and web page.[12]

B. Flowchart

Fig 2.: Flowchart of proposed model

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 2967
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue IV Apr 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

The software code's logical representation has been shown in flowchart form. Above figure shows the flowchart of the logic
implemented in the modelled system.
Upon the completion of all connections as depicted in fig. Using a USB cable, the power supply is sent to the NodeMCU. Which is
connected with our personal computer. We have written two code modules. The first one uses Arduino sketch to connect to various
sensors, and the second one is a java script web page module. After establishing connection to hardware, upload the code which we
have written. Before uploading the code, first it needs to be verified. Open the Arduino IDE, enter your code there, click "Verify,"
then wait for about 1-2 minutes while the verification process is completed, after which you may select to upload the code after it
has successfully completed compiling. After that open the serial monitor which display that system is connected with Wi-Fi. Once a
hardware connection has been made, HTTP request processing begins, and an IP address is then displayed on the serial monitor.
Then, using a web browser such as Chrome, Internet Explorer, Opera, etc., copy the IP address and paste it. Whichever browser you
choose will display the matching temperature, humidity, pressure, and rainfall values. These values are obtained from the sensors. In
addition to that, these recorded values are sent to the Thingspeak using the internet. Then, we can analyse the values as a
visualization on the screen on Thingspeak dashboard.

C. Circuit Diagram

Fig 3.: Pinout of proposed model Fig 4.: Circuit diagram of proposed model

From the above Schematic diagram, The DHT11 sensor, BMP 180 sensor, rain sensor, all are connected with the NodeMCU pins,
and the power supply is done by USB cable to connect the hardware to the system. The pictures up top show the prototype model.
For the connections to work properly, they must all be connected in the same way. The below tables show the pin configuration for
each sensor.[13][14]

VCC 3V3
DATA D5
GND GND
Table 1.: Pin Configuration between NodeMCU and DHT11

VIN 3V3
GND GND
SCL D1
SDA D2
Table 2.: Pin Configuration between NodeMCU and BMP180

A0 GND(include)
Table 3.: Pin Configuration between NodeMCU and Rain Sensor FC-37

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 2968
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue IV Apr 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

IV. RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS

Fig 5.: Final result on webpage

Fig 6.: Thingspeak dashboard

After setting up a hardware device to collect data and send it to an online service (Thingspeak) for analysis and visualization. The
process involves establishing a hardware connection, which initiates HTTP request processing, and displaying an IP address on a
serial monitor. Once you have the IP address, you can access the collected data using a web browser and see the temperature,
humidity, pressure, and rainfall values. The NodeMCU board also connects to Thingspeak cloud, allowing analysis of the data. By
sending the recorded values to Thingspeak using the internet, you can analyze them through the Thingspeak dashboard and visualize
the data in various ways from various sensors in real-time.

V. CONCLUSION
This paper aim is to measure the various parameters like Temperature, Humidity, Rainfall level, barometric pressure and
continuously monitor them. The data can be stored online, which can be used to forecast weather and eventually analyse climate
patterns, as well as for other meteorological purposes. The system uses a good combination of analog and digital sensors in wired
and wireless modes of operation. Thus, a proof of concept for an Internet of Things device for a real time weather monitoring
system has been established.

REFERENCES
[1] Prof. C.H. Chavan, Mr. V. Karande (2016). Wireless Monitoring of Soil Moisture, Temperature and Humidity using Zigbee in Agriculture.
[2] Chandana, L. S., & Sekhar, A. R. (2018). Weather monitoring using wireless sensor networks based on IoT. Int. J. Sci. Res. Sci. Technol, 4, 525-531.
[3] Ahmed, T., Al Mamun, M. A., & Akbar, M. A. (2021). Development of a low-cost IoT-based weather monitoring system using NodeMCU. 2021 10th
International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ICEEE), pp. 1-5.
[4] Ahmad, S., Ali, S. S., & Bhatti, M. A. (2019). Design and implementation of a low-cost weather monitoring system using NodeMCU. Journal of Computer
Networks and Communications, 2019, Article ID 2401929.
[5] Singh, A., & Yadav, V. (2019). Real-time weather monitoring system using NodeMCU. 2019 4th International Conference on Internet of Things: Smart
Innovation and Usages (IoT-SIU), pp. 1-4.

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 2969
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue IV Apr 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

[6] Yadav, A., & Yadav, N. (2020). Weather monitoring system using NodeMCU and cloud computing. 2020 3rd International Conference on Inventive Research
in Computing Applications (ICIRCA), pp. 439-442.
[7] Mrs. M. M. Raste, Ms. A. A. Pujari, Vinayak Aappasaheb Pujari (2016). Cost Effective Automatic Weather Station a Review.
[8] Ms. Poonam Khermalis, Ms. Sanika Doke (2016). Real Time Data Transmission for Weather Monitoring System
[9] R. Bhattacharjee, M. Sau Giri (2016). Weather Forecasting using Arduino Based Cube-Sat.
[10] Ravi Sharma, Shiva Prakash and Pankaj Kumar, “Methodology, Applications and Challenges of WSN-IoT”, IEEE International Conference of Electrical
and Electronics Engineering (ICE3—2020), jointly organized by Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology Gorakhpur and North Dakota State
University, Fargo, USA, Pid197, Feb. 14-15, (2020).
[11] P.Susmitha, G. Sowmyabala “Design and Implementation of Weather Monitoring and Controlling System”, International Journal of Computer Applications
(0975 – 8887) Volume 97– No.3, (July 2014).
[12] Shih, Y. L., & Lu, J. Y. (2021). Development of a wireless weather monitoring system with a cloud-based database using NodeMCU. Applied Sciences, 11(8),
Article ID 3456.
[13] Chiueh, H., Choma, J. and Draper, J. (2000). Implementation of a temperature Monitoring Interface Circuit for Power PC Systems (pp.98-101), Proceedings of
the 43rd Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Lansing MI, USA.
[14] Sheikh Ferdoush, Xinorong Li (2014). Wireless Sensor Network System Design using Raspberry Pi and Arduino for Environmental Monitoring Applications.

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