PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT ABM15 – REMIGIO

TERM 4 S.Y 2022-2023

LESSON 1: KNOWING ONESELF Self

- What an individual sees, perceives, and
3 Aspects of Human Development defines oneself
1. Physical development – body growth, brain, Self-perception – sub-definition of self
motor, sensory skills, and physical health Self-inquiry
2. Cognitive development – capacity to learn, - The most basic way to know oneself
speak, understand, reason and create
3. Psychosocial development – social Self-talk
interactions w/ others, emotions, self-identity, - A reflection of one’s very own thoughts,
beliefs, and values feelings

Factors that affect Human Development Johari Window

 Heredity or inborn traits - Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingham
 Maturation – natural progression of the brain (American psychologists)
and body - Primary goal: to minimize our blind spot

Personal
- Belonging or relating to a particular person

Personal Development
- Improving oneself
- a process wherein a person reflects,
understands, accepts, and learns
Origins of Personal Development
Gen Z
 First Homo sapiens = drew figures to narrate
- Born between 1997-2009
their experiences
- More scared of physical injury, and social
interactions
Psychology and Personal Development
- The study of human behavior and mental Attitude Components
processes
 Affect – emotions of self
 Cognition – the way we think
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs  Behavior – attitude
Self-Concept – how we think of ourselves
Self-Esteem – evaluation of oneself

3 Dimensions of Self
1. Physical – physical body of a human being
2. Psychological – cognition, stress, behavior,
attitude, etc.
3. Spiritual – view ourselves in a spiritual level

Personal Development Concepts

1. Physical
2. Cognitive
3. Social
4. Emotional
5. Spiritual
 Developing oneself SIGMUND FREUD’S PSYCHOSEXUAL THEORY
- New discoveries and new growth Oral Stage
- First yr of life
LESSON 2: DEVELOPING THE WHOLE PERSON - Through mouth
- Fixation can lead to overeating, smoking ,
Thoughts drinking, etc.
Anal Stage
- Cognition
- Arrangement of ideas that result from - Second to fourth yr of life
thinking - Releases tension through anus
- Fixation can lead to being obsessive w/
Feeling cleanliness or hating mess/perfectionist
Phallic Stage
- Affect
- Fourth to sixth yr of life
- State of consciousness from emotions,
- Pleasure through genitals
sentiments, or desires
- Child starts to recognize what it means to
- Usually mild emotional states
be a boy or girl / their physical differences
Latency Stage
Behavior
- Seventh yr onwards of life
- The range of actions and mannerisms made - Resolving conflicts in previous stages
by individuals - Child develops closeness w/ parents
Genital Stage
- Twelfth yr of life
- Sex role identity formation\
- Puberty stage, period of adolescence

2. Emotional Development – the feelings that

you experienced

MCLAREN’S DEFINITION OF EMOTION AND

Development FEELINGS (2010)
- Changes that take place in the life of human Emotion
beings - physiological experience that gives
information about the world
Human development - 4 basic emotions: happy, sad, afraid or
- How humans grow on different aspects: surprised, angry or disgusted
a. Physical Feelings
b. Mental - conscious awareness of the emotion itself
c. Emotional
d. Social 3. Social Development – our inborn capacity to
e. Behavioral relate to others, to connect and to feel
f. Spiritual belongingness
Erik Homburgr Erikson – German-American
5 Areas of Personal Development psychologist and psychoanalysts
1. Physiological Development – physical changes - Known for his Phrase Identity Crisis
in body as well as in senses and skills 8 PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
- To become physically capable of biological Birth to 1yr
reproduction - Trust vs Mistrust
Sigmund Freud – an austrian neurologist and founder - Support; deprivation
of psychoanalysis - Becomes hopeful or optimistic; fearful
2 to 3yrs
- Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
 - Support, patience; lack of 5. Spiritual Development – discovering oneself
confidence/support; overprotection beyond the ego known as the soul, spirit, or
- Develops self-confidence, sense of security; the inner essence
feels inadequate, becomes dependent o Beliefs – determine how
3 to 5yrs people react to life
- Initiative vs Guilt o Values – subjective judgement
- Opportunity, encouragement; lack of about things or issues
opportunity, negative feelings
- Develops send of purpose; feels guilty
6 to 11yrs LESSON 3: DEVELOPMENT STAGES IN MIDDLE AND
- Industry vs Inferiority LATE ADOLESCENCE
- Good education, models; lack of training,
directions Adolescence
- Becomes industrious, develops self- - Transition period between childhood and early
confidence; sense of inferiority adulthood
12 to 18yrs
- Identity vs Identity Diffusion 3 Stages of Adulthood
- Clear sex models; good sense of stability 1. Early Adolescence – 10 to 13 years old
- Develops identity 2. Middle Adolescence – 14 to 16 years old
19 to 40yrs (early adulthood) 3. Late Adolescence – 17 to 20 years old
- Intimacy vs Isolation
- Understanding, trust, acceptance; Erik Erikson’s Identity Theory
loneliness, exclusion - There are 8 stages of development, these are
- Love and commit; loneliness, depression known as the crisis that needs to be resolved
40 to 65yrs
- Generativity vs Stagnation ERIK ERIKSON'S 8 SATGES OF DEVELOPMENT
- Productivity, purposefulness; lack of (IDENTITY THEORY)
opportunity, enrichment Infancy (birth to 18 months)
Feels productive; unproductive
- To develop basic trust
65 and up (late adulthood) - Crisis: Trust vs Mistrust
- Integrity vs Despair
Early childhood (18 months to 3yrs)
- Sense of closure, clear attainment of
- Crisis: Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
direction; lack of completeness,
- Assertive; stubborn
dissatisfaction
Late Childhood
- Feels completes, has sense of achievement;
- Play stage
dissatisfied, in despair
- Crisis: Initiative vs Guilt
- Active in activities
4. Cognitive Development – a person’s
- Guilt feelings
intellectual abilities as shown in his/her
School age
thoughts, attitudes, beliefs, and values
- Crisis: Industry vs Inferiority
- Development of one’s mental abilities
- New knowledge and kills
Jean Piaget – swiss psychologist
- inferiority
- Theory of how a child understand the world
Adolescence
- major satge of development
- identity formation
- Pre-existing beliefs
- Crisis: Identity vs Role Confusion
Young Adult
- Quarter life crisis
- Crisis: Intimacy vs Isolation
- Developing close relationships; anxious
about commitments
 Adulthood
- Middle age
- Mid life crisis
- Challenge is to be generative/productive
- Crisis: Generativity vs Stagnation
Old Age
- Integrity vs Despair
- Sense of fulfillment
- Sens of loss or bitterness

Changes during Adolescence

 Acquisition of the ability to comprehend
abstract idea
 Engaging in reckless behaviors
 Experimentation is common activity

Skills Filipino Adolescents should acquire

A socio-cultural view of knowing oneself

Karen Horney – did not believe in Erik Erikson’s theory
- Social relationship of child and parents
 Becoming responsible Adolescents [TRUST your instincts that warns against
1. Developing occupational skills certain things]
2. Developing self-reliance Relationships
3. Learning to manage finances Emotionally mature – rational in thought and
4. Understanding social responsibility behavior
5. Acquiring a mature work orientation - True friendship is built through mutual
6. Accepting personal responsibility respect and trust
7. Instilling a positive attitude towards work [LISTEN to one’s inner truth]
8. Being courageous in standing up and being Sexuality and Sexual Relationships
different from friends - How teens control sexual drive and
9. Developing self-esteem engage in risky sexual practices
10. Being true to oneself and avoiding the Responsibility – to control and limit one’s
tendency to please others sexual expression
11. Learning how media and advertising try to Sexual relationship – one is responsible how
influence one’s thinking and feelings one treats another human being
12. Becoming aware, critical, and involved with [RESPONSIBLE and ACCOUNTABLE – principle
social issues toward a healthy sexuality]
13. Embracing a healthy lifestyle Academic Concerns
14. Developing one’s spirituality - Fear of failure
- Too littles anxiety
- Distraction: technology, procrastination
LESSON 4: THE CHALLENGES OF MIDDLE SND LATE [HOW one learns = most important lesson
ADOLESCENCE learned in school]
Choosing the right course and career path
Types of challenges for the adolescent - Biggest and most important decision to
make
Self-esteem - Consider your strengths, capabilities,
- Power of self-acceptance skills and interests
- One’s subjective evaluation of his/her [take TIME and REFLECT]
own worth Socio-emotional challenges
- Believing in oneself, having confidence, - Anxiety, depression, trauma, etc.
seeing oneself in a positive way Anxiety – sense of impending doom without a
- Encompasses beliefs about oneself factual basis
(emotional: triumph, despair, pride, and Depression – common and serious medical
shame) illness
Low Self-esteem Panic attack – panic, fear, nervousness
- Does not regard himself
- Sees self as unworthy, unimportant Positive approaches in dealing with life
- Negative feelings: sadness, depression, demands
etc. Dealing with family expectations
Physical Appearance a. Communicate openly
- Dissatisfaction w/ one’s appearance b. Understand your parents
- Accept one’s flaws and body c. Be responsible
- Celebrate physical beauty one’s own School demands
Confidence – most attractive quality of an a. List down your activities
individual b. Prioritize
Group Belongingness Time management tips
- Find a group to belong to and fit well in a. Make a plan
- Similar interests and values = comfort b. Develop good study habits
- When he/she cannot relate w/ different c. Avoid procrastination
group = awkward silence Peer pressure
a. Avoid groups that ask you to do things
that are against your will
 b. Learn to say NO “It’s not stress that kills us, it is our reaction to it.” –
Important tips Hans Selyes
a. Keep good company
b. Do not be afraid
Peer conflict
a. Make a commitment to resolve the
problem
b. Be clear with your intention of resolving
the conflict

Throop and Castelluci (2011) to resolve conflicts

a. Stick with the facts
b. Cool off and find time to think
c. Reflect where your anger is coming from
d. Relieve tension cause by anger
e. Calm yourself
f. Find someone you can talk to
Deal with your anger and control it.

 Celebrate your strengths and successes

 Engage in positive self-talk
 Stop comparing yourself to others
 Stop striving for perfection
 Build a support network
 Keep persisting and persevering
 Work with purpose

LESSON 5: COPING WITH STRESS IN MIDDLE AND

LATE ADOLESCENCE

Stress
- An omnipresent part of life
- A part of life and need to be managed in
order to be healthy and happy
- Not all stress is bad
- Affects physical and mental health and Model of Stress
behavior

Stress as Stimulus, Response, and Relational

- Stimulus
- Relational between persons and the situations
they are in
- Response is the way the body reacts to
challenging situations
Stress hormone - where the adrenal gland drive
the production of cortisol

Health stress
Acute stress – responses in young, healthy individuals
Stressors
- Long-term effects of stressors can damage
health 1. External – comes outside of you: situations,
people, and experience
 2. Internal – coming from within you; thoughts, 9 reasons why you’re ‘Bagsak’ in school
uncertain about future, lack of control, 1. Wrong priorities (puro ka love life)
personal beliefs, expectations 2. You go to school for the wrong reasons and
selected the wrong major/degree
Some possible stressors of adolescence 3. Your skills does not match your chosen
student faces major/degree
1. School demands and expectation 4. You cannot assume responsibility (puro ka
2. Selecting a school, college course or career puyat, then matutulog sa school)
3. Separation anxiety 5. Family problems
4. College life 6. Procrastination
5. Romantic relationship or lack of it 7. Poor attendance
6. Family demands and expectations 8. Poor time management
7. Health concerns 9. Willingness to pursue field of study
a. Irregular menstrual cycle
b. Under nutrition
c. Unprotected sex & unwanted/
unplanned pregnancy
d. Risk of pregnancy in adolescents
e. Unprotected sex & sexually
transmitted disease
f. Prevention of adolescent
pregnancy & STD’s
8. Demands of social life
9. Bullying

How to manage stress?

Coping – may also be a combination of both problem
focused and emotional-focused remedies
Emotion-Focused Strategies – alternation of one’s
appraisal of stressful situations
- Improve mood and reduce anxiety = making
events seem less threatening
- Unhealthy lifestyles = relieve stress for a
short-term; consequences – even more stress
- Some are helpful or encourages more
positive thinking