GROUP PRESENTATION

GGGE6543

Technology Information
In Education
Prepared for:
PM DR FARIZA BINTI KHALID
 TOPIC: RIPPLES MODEL
Daniel W. Surry

Professor in Instructional Design and Development at the

University of South Alabama
EdD in Instructional Technology from the University of Georgia
MS in Instructional Design from the University of South
Alabama
BA in Communication from the University of Alabama
Also been on the faculty of the University of Alabama and the
University of Southern Mississippi and has served as
Instructional Technologist at California State University
Table Of Content
INTRODUCTION
1
Background, Theory of Innovation, Definition

4 APPLICATIONS
2
Implementation Planning, Implementation Support, Implementation
Evaluation, Research

3 7 RIPPLES MODEL
Resources, Infrastructure, People, Policies, Learning, Evaluation, Support

SURVEY
4
Ripples Survey Instrument

5 CONCLUSION
 Higher education is beginning to make increased use of the rapidly
INTRODUCTION increasing and expanding capabilities of technology.

Great Potential
Instructional technology has great potential to provide on the teaching,
research, and service missions of any college or university.
Barriers
However, there are numerous barriers to the integration of instructional
technology in higher education.

Overcoming
RIPPLES model, describes a model for overcoming the barriers to integrating
instructional technology into higher education.

Integration Models
The current model is unique from most other technology integration models
in that it includes facilitating factors that are specific to academic settings.
 THEORY OF INNOVATION
Many researchers within the field of instructional technology have developed
diffusion theories that apply specifically to innovations in educational settings.

1987 1987 1992 1992

Ernest Burkman Hall & Hord Stockdill & Morehouse Rodgers

Burkman’s User Oriented Concerns Based Adoption Critical Factors in The diffusion process
Instructional Model (CBAM) Adoption Checklist outlined
Development Model
five categories of the
stresses the importance write that people within five steps: Knowledge,
checklist: Educational Need,
of determining the an organization will fall Persuasion, Decision,
User Characteristics, Content
perceptions of potential into one of seven stages Implementation and
Characteristics, Technology
adopters and designing of concern ranging from Confirmation
Considerations and
instructional products awareness to refocusing
Organizational Capacity
 THEORY OF INNOVATION

1994 1995 1999

Farquhar and Surry Everett Rogers Donald P. Ely

The Concept of Adoption General Diffusion Theory Critical Factors in

Analysis Adoption Checklist

He contends that implementation,

four categories of factors theories form the basis of
the phase after adoption and
that affect adoption: User most studies related to
before confirmation in Rodgers’
Characteristics, Perceived adoption and diffusion.
model. The implementation of an
Attributes, Physical Four of Rogers’ theories:
innovation are: Status Quo,
Environment and Support the Diffusion Process,
Knowledge and skills, Resources,
Environment Adopter Categories, Time, Rewards and Incentives,
Innovation Attributes, and Participation, Commitment and
Rate of Adoption Leadership
 Strategy for facilitating technology
integration

A potentially valuable tool to aid in

the planning, adoption and
RIPPLES integration of learning technology in
(Daniel W.Surry & David C.Ensminger, 2005) higher education

A Model for Seven components are relevant in all

academic settings
Implementation Planning
a framework organizations can use to
plan for the successful implementation
of new tools and practices

(Daniel W.Surry & David C.Ensminger, 2005, Facilitating the Use of Web Based Learning by Higher Education Faculty)
 4 APPLICATIONS

Implementation Implementation
Planning Support

Implementation Research
Evaluation
Implementation Determining an organization’s
overall implementation

Planning readiness and identifying

specific barriers or enablers
to implementation
Implementation
Developing specific
interventions that will
facilitate the implementation

Support of an innovation thereby

reducing stress, and saving
time and money
 Identifying the factors that contributed
to a successful or poor implementation
can assist an organization in better
preparing for future implementations.

Implementation With the RIPPLES model, it's possible to

evaluate the factors that helped or

Evaluation
hindered a project's implementation,

1 2 3
Collecting Analysing Interpreting
 Developing superior explanations for why
implementations succeed or fail and
establishing theory-based models to enable
implementation in a variety of organizations.

Romero and Sorden (2008) used the model as

Research
a framework to study the implementation of an
online learning management system (LMS) at a
university in Mexico

Benson and Palaskas (2006) also used the

model to study the implementation of a
learning management system at a university.
 RIPPLES MODEL

R I P P L E S

Resources Infrastructure People Policies Learning Evaluation Support

 R : Resources
The term resources refers to financial resources or, more simply, money. Any form of invention incurs a lot of
expenses.

These costs can be categorized as direct and indirect costs and initial and continuing costs.

DIRECT INDIRECT INITIAL CONTINUING

Direct costs are the Indirect expenditures Initial costs are the one- Continuing may include
standard expenses that may include the time expenses incurred yearly costs for delivery
come to mind, such as upgrade of faculty when an innovation is systems, Internet
hardware and software computers, the adopted for the first services, service
purchases, licence increase in demand for time. Hardware and providers, and training.
fees, and salaries. support services, the software required for
updated and expanded course development
usage of wireless and delivery.
networks, .
 I : Infrastructure
Infrastructure refers to all connected technologies with an innovation.
There are 5 components for technology infrastructure.

TEACHING PRODUCTION COMMUNICATION STUDENTS ADMINISTRATIVE

RESOURCES RESOURCES RESOURCES RESOURCES RESOURCES

The term "teaching Refers to the Refers to the Refers to the Traditional
resources" refers to hardware and necessary tools for technology used by educational tasks
the technological software needed to instructors and students to access like registration,
tools utilised to give develop the audio, students to interact and participate in ordering books, and
instruction. It video in an online setting. learning grading
includes on campus
or remote servers,
server software, and
modems
 Everybody in an
organisation plays a Stakeholders include
significant role in the administration, faculty,
implementation of an students, and staff
innovation.
P : People
2 Essentials :
All constituents must
Shared decision-
engage in an ongoing
making
meaningful process of
Communication
shared decision-making
between all
and communication
stakeholders
 P : Policies

A B C

The need for organizational Adapting retention, tenure, and Other policies that could be
policies and procedures to promotion policies to reward adapted in higher education to
adapt to new technologies the use of technology is one of facilitate the integration of
the most effective ways for technology relate to grading,
motivating faculty to integrate residency requirements,
technology into their teaching programs of study, and
(Surry & Land, 2000) entrance or graduation
requirements.
 First
L : Learning
The need for technology to enhance the
educational goals of the college.

Second Third
Ways that technology to enhance the Technology can have pedagogical
instructional goals of a college benefits
Technology can have access benefits
Technology can have cost benefits
 Areas of evaluation
Evaluation of the
overall integration plan
E : Evaluation
Benefit/cost evaluation
The need for continual assessment
of the technology Evaluation of
technology in relation
to learning goals

Evaluation of the
technology itself.
 S : Support

The theories of Stockdill and Components of a support

The need to have a Component common to
Morehouse (1992), Surry and system:
support system in place most models of adoption
Land (2000), and Farquhar
for faculty, staff, and and diffusion
and Surry (1994) describe the Training
students who are using
importance of developing Technical support
the technology
adequate support systems. Pedagogical support
Administrative
leadership.
Ripples Survey Instrument
(Resources)
Ripples Survey Instrument
(Infrastructure)
Ripples Survey Instrument
(People)
Ripples Survey Instrument
(Policies)
Ripples Survey Instrument
(Learning)
Ripples Survey Instrument
(Evaluation)
Ripples Survey Instrument
(Support)
 REFERENCE
https://sites.google.com/site/ripplesmodel/

Klinger, K. 2010. Web-Based Education: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools and Applications.

Information Science Reference, New York.

Rushby, N. & Surry, D. 2016. The Wiley Handbook of Learning Technology. Wiley, United
Kingdom.

Surry, D. 2005. A Model for Integrating Instructional Technology into Higher Education. British
Journal of Education Technology, 36(2). 327-329.

Surry, D. & Ensminger, D. 2006. Facilitating the Use of Web Based Learning by Higher
Education Faculty. Eric Online Submission. 1-16.

Surry, D., Stefurak, J. & Gray, R. 2011. Technology Integration in Higher Education: Social and
Organizational Aspects. Information Science Reference, New York.