LESSON EXEMPLAR

Learning Area Introduction to the Philosophy of Human Person

Learning Delivery Modality Limited Face-to-face Modality

School Balian Integrated NHS Grade Level Grade 11

Teacher RHEYJHEN M. CADAWAS Learning Area Core Subject
LESSON Intro to the Philosophy
EXEMPLA Teaching Date Week 1 Quarter First Quarter
R
Teaching Time 8:15 – 9:15 No. of Days 4 days
(see PIVOT 4A BOW for the number of
days)

I.OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson, learners are expected to:

1. Distinguish a holistic perspective from a partial point of view.
2. Realize the value of doing philosophy in obtaining a broad
perspective on life.
3. Do a philosophical reflection on a concrete situation from a
holistic perspective
A. Content Standards The learner understands the meaning and process of doing philosophy
B. Performance Standards The learner reflects on a concrete experience in a philosophical way
C. Most Essential Learning
Distinguish a holistic perspective from a partial point of view
Competencies(MELC)
II. CONTENT The Meaning and Process of Doing Philosophy
III. LEARNING RESOURCES
A. References
a. Teacher’s Guide Pages MELC CORE SUBJECT SHS Q1/ PIVOT BOW R4 QUBE Curriculum Guide
(p.340)
b. Learner’s Material Pages Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person (LAS-Week 1)
c. Textbook Page
d. Additional Materials from
youtube.com
Learning Resources
B. List of Learning Resources for
Development and Engagement
Activities
IV. PROCEDURE
A. Introduction (I) What I Need to Know?

A. Preliminaries:
Prayer, Greetings and Checking of Attendance
Classroom Rules

B. INTRODUCE YOURSELF: Ask the learners to introduce themselves

and let the learners complete this sentence upon introducing
themselves.

“Hello, my name is _________. The object that best represent

me is a ___________ because _____________________.
 Example: “Hello, my name is GERONIMO T. SAMPILO. The object
that best represent me is a POCKET WI-FI because I CAN GIVE
AND SHARE THE KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION THAT THE
USERS WANT TO KNOW.”

C. Orientation: Teacher will present the following:

 Course Title
 Course Description
 No. of Hours
 Course Outline
 Grading System
 Expected Output
Learners will be asked if there are questions.
What’s New?

Teacher will ask the learners to close their eyes. The activity is called
“Song Reflections”. Allow the learners to listen the song “Kanlungan.”

“Kanlungan”
Processing Questions:
Learners will answer the following questions:
 How did the song make you feel?
 Does the song make you aware of something?
 How do you connect this song to your life?
*Answers may vary.
Teacher : The Activity allows you to THINK AND WONDER.
“Wonder is the feeling of a philosopher, and philosophy begins in
wonder.”
B. Development ( D) What I know?

Teacher will proceed to Discussion Proper: The Meaning and Process

of Doing Philosophy

What is Philosophy?

What is Philosophy?

The word philosophy comes from two Greek words: philos (love) and
sophia (wisdom).
The love of exercising one’s curiosity and intelligence (Herodotus).

The love of wisdom that can face the test of critical discussion (Plato).

It is the study of general and fundamental questions about existence,

knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.

The collective name for questions that have not been answered to the
satisfaction of all that have asked them (William James).

What's in?

Activity 2. Describe the picture below.

1. What do you notice from the picture?

2. Did anyone get the correct answer? Why or why not?
3. What does this picture imply about our effort to understand the
realities of life or answer our perennial problems?
Answers may vary.
Every human person philosophize. It involves the process of doing
philosophy.
Process of Doing Philosophy
Holistic thinking refers to a perspective that considers large-scale
patterns in systems. A holistic perspective requires an individual to have
an open mindset and ability to get the general sense or impression
regarding a situation.
Partial thinking focuses on specific aspects of a situation. The partial
view is an important component of analytical thinking, as an individual
focuses on certain areas or aspects of a problem in order to understand it.
Example:
a. Listening to both sides.
b. Listening to one side only.
Which one of the scenario is an example of holistic thinking? And partial
thinking?

What is It?

Give at least 2 scenarios describing holistic and partial thinking of a man.

 Rubric for Scoring:

C. ENGAGEMENT ( E ) What’s More?

Learners will answer.

Why do we need to study Philosophy?

1.
2.
3.

Why do we need to study Philosophy?

1. Philosophy sharpens our mind.
2. Philosophy helps us to clarify issues, discriminate among options, and
make better decisions.
3. Philosophy enhances our personal life.
4. Philosophy assist us in penetrating to the roots of our commitments.

What I can do?

Activity 2.
The Branches of Philosophy
Create your own Concept Map about the Branches of Philosophy

Teacher will discuss the branches of Philosophy.

BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

Since philosophy’s concern is vast, we have to divide it into different

branches. Each branch will focus on a specific area of philosophy. To
understand the branches of philosophy let us return to the three central
philosophical questions we explored earlier.

First the question, Where am I? By the time we reached adulthood we

believe we know the answer to this question. In fact we believed that the
answer is obvious that we don’t bother to look closely at the question
itself. Where am I? Well let’s say I’m in Manila. You don’t need philosophy
to answer that one. But if you ask a series of where questions (Where is
Manila? Where is the Philippines? etc.) which at first seems childish you
eventually end up with the universe. And here we have to stop asking the
where question (Where is the universe is an absurd question. The
universe does not exist in a place). What kind of place is the universe? Is
it governed by laws? If so what laws? The study of the universe as a
whole is the province of metaphysics. Metaphysics is further subdivided
into ontology which studies existence as such and philosophical
anthropology which deals with the fundamental and essential
characteristics of human nature (Gotthelf and Salmieri, 2015).

The second question, How do I know it? concerns the nature of human
knowledge and the way to obtain it. How do we obtain knowledge? Do we
obtain knowledge by revelation, intuition, instinct or reason? Can we
achieve certainty or are we doomed to suffer perpetual doubt? Is
knowledge based on the things we perceive or from something else? This
is the concern of epistemology which can be defined as the “branch of
philosophy that studies the nature and means of human knowledge.” We
need epistemology to guide us in knowing since we make mistakes from
time to time.

The first two branches of philosophy, metaphysics and epistemology,

are called cognitive branches. These branches provide a description of
being (existence) and knowing. They are the foundations of
understanding any philosophical system.

The next three branches of philosophy (ethics, politics and aesthetics)

can be classified as the normative branches of philosophy because they
are concerned with the standard of the good. If the cognitive branches
are concerned with what “is” the normative branches are concerned with
what “ought” to be.

The most basic normative branch of philosophy is ethics or morality (I

used this two concepts interchangeably). It is concerned with the last of
the three questions central to philosophy: What should I do? Ethics can
be regarded as the technology of philosophy (I owe this analogy to the
philosopher Ayn Rand) because it tells us how human beings ought to
function as a human being. But in order to describe how human beings
ought to act we must first know what a human being is. These last is
provided by metaphysics and epistemology. (This is especially true of
philosophical anthropology a sub-branch of metaphysics which studies
the metaphysical nature of man (see discussion above). Metaphysics and
epistemology are the foundations of ethics.

What then is ethics or morality? According to Ayn Rand ethics or

morality is a branch of philosophy that provides a human being with a
“code of values to guide man’s choices and actions - the choices and
actions that determine the course of his life (Rand, 1964).” It is
concerned with the values man ought to pursue, the interrelationships of
those values and the means to obtain them (virtue).

The last two normative branches of philosophy, politics and aesthetics,

are derived from ethics. Ethics is concerned with the good for human
being as a human being. If we apply ethics in a social context then it
becomes politics. The concern therefore of ethics is broader than politics.
It studies the “good” for human beings in any setting (whether society is
present or not). An individual who is alone in an island still has to follow
ethical principles if he wishes to survive (Peikoff, 1991).

So what then is politics? Again following Rand’s definition politics is a

branch of philosophy “which defines the principles of a proper social
system.” According to Rand “proper” means proper for human beings
which presupposes that one knows what a human being is. Since
knowledge about human being is provided by the cognitive branches of
philosophy, the foundation of politics ultimately rests on metaphysics and
epistemology.

The last of the normative branch, aesthetics studies the nature of art. It
is concerned with the nature and the objective judgement of beauty.
D. Assimilation (A)
.
What I have learned?
Fill in the Blanks.
1. Philosophy comes from the _____ word philos (love) and
Sophia (wisdom).
2. Other term for Philosophers, _______________.
3. It is an area of philosophy that understand the human person
from philosophical perspective.
4. A ________ requires an individual to have an open mindset and
ability to get the general sense or impression regarding a
situation.
5. It is an important component of analytical thinking, as an
individual focuses on certain areas or aspects of a problem in
order to understand it.
True or False
6. Aesthetics is the study of beauty.
7. Logic is an art and science of correct reasoning.
8. Metaphysics deals with oral questions and dilemmas.
9. Ethics deals with questions about existence.
10. Epistemology deals with the nature of knowledge and knowing.
V. REFLECTIONS As a reflection on what they have learned in module 1, Learners
will do Learning Task 5: “T-M-L Phrase.”
The Topic was about _______________________

It Matters because _________________________

I’ve Learned today that _____________________

VI. Additional Activities Home-Based Activity:

Performance Task:
Cut and Paste (Mini-Album/Brochures/Scrapbook/Infographics)
Content: The most notable philosophers and their philosophies or
contributions.

Learners will be graded based on content and creativity 20 points.

Prepared by: Checked by:

RHEYJHEN M. CADAWAS DINA G. PULIAN

Teacher II Master Teacher II