Attention Intro Signpost Visuals Conclude Q&A Flow Timing Template Tips

MY NOTEBOOK
Attention

Here goes your name.

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 First Published 2023

POLITEKNIK METrO KUALA LUMPUR

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 Quick
Checklist
what is oral presentation? Why we
make presentation?
An oral presentation is a formal communication
delivered by a speaker to an audience, typically
using spoken words and visual aids such as slides,
videos, or images. Oral presentations can take To persuade
many forms, such as lectures, speeches,
conferences, seminars, or workshops, and are
used in a variety of settings, including academic,
To entertain
professional, and personal contexts.
To educate
To inform

Presentation
styles
Types of
Coach Style Oral Presentation
Instructor Style
IMPROMPTU :
Visual Style Spontaneoous Speech

Lessig Style EXTEMPORANEOUS DELIVERY :

Freeform Style Prepared and practiced speech

Takahashi Style MANUSCRIPT DELIVERY :

Technical content,prepared and read aloud to
Connector Style the audience
Storytelling Style MEMORIZED :
The content is memeorized in advance,usually for
competition or contest
Attention Intro Signpost Visuals Conclude Q&A Flow Timing Template Tips
CONTENTS
Contents
SECTION

04

08
01

02

03

05

06

07

09

10
 Attention
Intro
Signpost
Visuals
Attention Getter

Conclude
Q&A
An attention getter, also known as a hook, is a
technique used in the introduction of a speech or

Flow
written piece to capture the audience's attention and
make them interested in hearing or reading more. The
Timing
purpose of an attention getter is to create a strong
first impression, establish credibility, and set the tone
Template

for the rest of the speech or writing.

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Tips
 Attention
Hook your AUDIENCE
REMEMBER
your attention-getter should be relevant to your presentation

Intro
topic and appropriate for your audience. Use it to create a
strong first impression and set the tone for the rest of your
presentation.

Signpost
CHOOSE YOUR ATTENTION GETTER

TELL STORIES ASK QUESTIONS

Visuals
Find a brief story or anecdote related to your Starting with a question will get your
topic to engage and captivate the audience involved right away.your
audience.The story can be humorous , audience can respond vebally or non
emotional , fables or any suitable genres. verbally (your choice!)

Conclude
You can make the audience excited to know You can offer an answer (either literally or
what will happen next or make them wait until rhetorically). Make sure you give time for
the end of your presentation. tthe audience ponder the question and
prepare the answer.

Q&A
USE FAMOUS QUOTATIONS

Flow
SHARE STATISTICS OR FACTS
Personal references, can establish a bond You can borrow any quotation from someone
between you and your audience because it who is famous or an expert on your topic at
is personal and you are you are more likely the beginning of your speech.Using any
to present this information in a lively and credible figure's speech will enhance the Timing
clear manner. This will demonstrate your credibility of your talk and draw your audience
credibility by showing your knowledge and to listen.
experience with the topic
Template

Attention Getter Exercise Other types of Attention getter

Tips
 Attention
Intro
Signpost
Visuals
Introduction

Conclude
Q&A
The introduction is the most important part of your
presentation. It is the first impression you’ll make on

Flow
your audience. It’s your first opportunity to get their
attention. You want them to trust you and listen to you
Timing
right away.”
Template
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Tips
 Attention
EFFECTIVE INTRODUCTION

Intro
1
Welcome and
Greet the

Signpost
audience

Visuals
Introduce
yourself

Conclude
3
Introduce your

Q&A
topic

Flow
State your
Objective

Timing
5
Present your
Template

Outline Introduction Exercise

Tips
 Attention
Intro
Signpost
Visuals
Signposting

Conclude
Q&A
Signposting is a technique used in communication,
particularly in public speaking and writing, to guide the

Flow
audience through the structure of the presentation
or written piece. It involves using verbal or written
Timing
cues to signal transitions between different sections,
topics, or ideas, and to help the audience follow the
Template

flow of the presentation.

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Tips
 Attention
IMPORTANT SIGNPOSTINGS

Intro
Signpost
Visuals
Conclude
Q&A
Flow
Timing
Template

Signposting Exercise Signposting Exercise 2

1
Tips
 Attention
Intro
Signpost
Visuals
Describing Visuals

Conclude
Q&A
describing visuals in an oral presentation is
important to ensure accessibility, clarity,

Flow
engagement, and reinforcement of the message
being presented.
Timing
Template
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Tips
 Attention
HOW TO DESCRIBE
VISUAL AIDS

Intro
Introduce
a visual
• Let’s now look at the next slide which shows...
• Now, let’s look at/let’s have a look at/take a look at/I’d like you to look

Signpost
at...
• To illustrate this, let’s have a closer look at...
• The chart on the following slide shows...
• The problem is illustrated in the next bar chart...
• As you can see here, ...

Visuals
Explain a Visual Explain
• First, let me quickly explain the graph. Positions
• As the graph/table shows/indicates....
• I’d like us to focus our attention on the significance
• on the left is... on the left side
of this figure here. here... in the middle... here, at the

Conclude
• From Table 1 we can
see/conclude/show/estimate/calculate/infer that...
top... down in this section... over
• The chart compares... here is a... the upper/lower
• You can see here the development over the past five section
years.

Mention Highlight

Q&A
Numbers Information
• I’d like to stress/highlight/emphasize the following points.
• I’d also like to draw your attention to the upper half of the chart.
• 5 large mixing bowls
• If you look at it more closely, you’ll notice there are several
• 5 baking pans surprising...
• 1/4 = A quarter • I’d like to point out one or two interesting details.
1st January = first

Flow
• • I’d like you to think about the significance of this figure here.
January • I’d like to focus your attention on the underlying trend here.
• RM 200 = Two • Whichever the reasons for this/Whichever way you look at
hundred Ringgit it/However you try to explain it, the underlying
Malaysia • trend is obvious.
• The interesting/significant/important thing about.... is....
Timing
Visual Aids Describe Trend
Tips
• Power Points • The number increased/shot up/grew/rose by...
• handouts • Sales declined/reduced/decreased/dropped/fell by...
Template

• Short videos slightly/slowly/gradually/steadily/markedly/dramatically/steeply/sha

• Posters rply/rapidly/suddenly...
• objects • There was a sudden increase/decrease in ...
• In 2022, we saw a moderate fall.
• This was followed by a gradual decline.
• The increase reached a peak/levelled off...
Tips
 Attention
Intro
Signpost
Ending the

Visuals
presentation

Conclude
Q&A
A good ending for a presentation should be
memorable, impactful, and relevant to the topic and

Flow
audience. By following these tips, you can create a
strong and effective conclusion that will leave a
Timing
lasting impression on your audience.
Template
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Tips
 Attention
HOW TO END YOUR
PRESENTATION Making recommendations
• We’d suggest...

Intro
• We therefore strongly
recommend that...
• In my opinion, we should...
• Based on the figures we

Signpost
have, I’m quite certain
• I’m now approaching/nearing that...
the end of my presentation.
• Well, this brings me to the end
of my presentation/talk.
• That covers just about

Visuals
everything I wanted to say
about... Calling the audience to
• As a final point, I’d like to... action
• Finally, I’d like to highlight one • So that’s the plan. Now
key issue. let’s go and put it into

Conclude
• That completes my practice!
presentation • So now it’s your turn.
• Now let’s make a real
effort to achieve this
goal!

Q&A
Quoting a well-known
person
• To quote a well-known scientist, ...
• As... once said, ...

Flow
• To put it in the words of..., ...
• "As [name] said, 'quote.'" • Let me just run over/through the key points again.
• "In the words of [name], 'quote.'" • To conclude/In conclusion, I’d like to...
• In short/In a word/In a nutshell/In brief/To sum
up/To summarize, it is generally/widely
accepted/argued/
Timing
• held/believed that...
Closing • First we looked at... and we saw that... . Then we
• Thank you for your attention. considered... and we argued... .
Before I stop/finish, let me just say... • I’ll briefly summarize the main issues.
Template

•
• Thank you for listening. • Therefore/Thus/On this basis/Given this, it can be
• I hope you will have gained an insight concluded/deduced/inferred that...
into... • From the table/figures/data/results/information, it
• Unless anyone has anything else to can be seen/concluded/shown/estimated/calculated
add, I think that’s it. Thanks for that...
coming.
Tips
 Attention
Intro
Signpost
Visuals
Receiving questions

Conclude
Q&A
During the Q&A session, the speaker should be prepared to
answer a range of questions related to the presentation,

Flow
including specific details, opinions, and practical applications. It is
important for the speaker to listen carefully to each question,
Timing
respond in a clear and concise manner, and ensure that all
members of the audience have the opportunity to participate.
Template
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Tips
 Attention
DEALING WITH QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS

Intro
Clarifying questions Checking whether the Responding to good
• I’m afraid I didn’t quite catch questioner is satisfied questions
that.

Signpost
• I’m sorry; could you repeat your
question, please • "Thank you for that great
• Does that answer your
• I’m sorry, but I don’t quite
question?
question."
follow/understand/see what you
mean. Could you just explain • Is that clear/OK/clearer • "That's an excellent
that some more, please? now? question, thank you for
• So, if I understood you correctly, • Can we go on?

Visuals
asking."
you would like to know whether. . . • Is that the kind of
.. information you were looking • "I appreciate you bringing
• If I could just rephrase your for? up that important point."
question. You’d like to know...
• Let me just check that I have • "Thank you for challenging
understood your question. You’re me with that question."

Conclude
asking...
Admitting you don’t know
• Sorry, I don’t know that off
Closing discussion time the top of my head.
• I’m afraid I’m not in a
Responding to irrelevant
• I think we have time for position to answer that questions

Q&A
one more question... question at the moment. • That's an
• If there are no other • I’m afraid I don’t know the
questions, I’ll finish there. answer to your question, but interesting
Thank you very much. I’ll try to find out for you. question, but I'm
• So if there are no further • Interesting question. What not sure it's directly
do you think?
questions, I guess.. related to the topic

Flow
• Sorry, that’s not my field.
But I’m sure Peter Bolt form we're discussing."
Sales Department could • "I appreciate your
Postponing questions answer your question.
• I’m afraid I don’t have that
curiosity, but let's
• I"I want to make sure I information with me focus on the main
provide you with a complete topic at hand." Timing
and accurate answer, but I
need to review some
additional information. Can I Negative responses to
Template

respond to your question at a Hedging – not saying yes or no

later time?"
questions
• "I'm not completely sure, but..." • "I'm sorry, but I don't
• "I appreciate your question, • "That's a good question. I think
it's possible that..." have the information
but I think it would be best if
I take some time to think it
• "From what I understand, it you're looking for."
could be..."
over before responding. Can • "It's hard to say for sure, but I
• "Unfortunately, I'm not
I get back to you after I've would speculate that..." able to answer that
Tips

• "I'm open to other question at this time."

had a chance to reflect on interpretations, but I would
it?" suggest that..."
 Attention
Intro
Signpost
Visuals
Presentation Flow

Conclude
Q&A
A well-designed presentation flow helps to keep the
audience engaged and focused on the main message,

Flow
while also making it easier for them to retain and recall
the information presented. By paying careful attention
Timing
to the flow of the presentation, speakers can ensure
that their message is conveyed effectively and with
Template

maximum impact.
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Tips
 Attention
PRESENTATION
FLOW
CHECKLIST

Intro
Decide your attention grabber Introduce yourself

Signpost
Outline – Describe different
sections of the presentation
Inform your purpose of

Visuals
presentation

Conclude
Question policy – During or at
the end? Preview of the main points

Q&A
Begin and End Begin and End Begin and End
Main Body 3 Main Body 2 Main Body 1

Flow
Inviting Questions and/or
Summary and conclusion Introducing Discussion

Timing

INDIVIDUAL TASK Thanking

Template

the Audience
Tips
 Attention
Intro
Signpost
Visuals
Time Allocation

Conclude
Q&A
Planning the time allocation for your presentation
helps to ensure completeness, improve clarity, stay

Flow
on track, increase audience engagement, and build
credibility. It's an important step in delivering a
Timing
successful presentation.
Template
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Tips
 Attention
PLANNING YOUR
SPEECH DELIVERY

Intro
Planning is important to make sure your message is delivered and
understood

Signpost
COMPONENT ALLOTED TIME TOTAL ALLOTED TIME

Visuals
INTRODUCTION 2 Minutes

Conclude
CONTENT: 3 MAIN 3 points x 3 mins = 9
POINTS minutes

Q&A
CONCLUSION AND
3 minutes 18 Minutes
SUMMARY

Flow
Q&A SESSION 3 minutes

Timing
END THE
1 Minute
PRESENTATION
Template
Tips
 Attention
Intro
Signpost
Visuals
Template

Conclude
Q&A
An oral presentation template can help
to make your presentation more

Flow
effective, efficient, and professional,
while also helping you to manage your
Timing
time and stay organized.
Template
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Tips
 Attention
USE THE TEMPLATE AND PLAN YOUR

Intro
PRESENTATION

Signpost
INTRODUCTION
BODY 1

Visuals
BODY 2

Conclude
BODY 3
CONCLUSION

Q&A
SAMPLE
SCRIPT SAMPLE TOPICS SUGGESTION

GROUP TASK INDIVIDUAL TASK Flow

Timing
Template
Tips
 Attention
Intro
Signpost
Visuals
Tips

Conclude
Q&A
Presentation tips can help you to
become a more effective and confident

Flow
presenter, while also helping you to
save time and effort and engage your
Timing
audience more effectively.
Template
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Tips
 TIPS

BEST SOURCES FOR ORAL

PRESENTATION VIDEOS
 References
• Public Speaking and Presentation Skills - LinkedIn Learning:
https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/public-speaking
• Toastmasters International: https://www.toastmasters.org/
• Harvard Business Review: https://hbr.org/topic/public-speaking
• The Art of Communicating by Thich Nhat Hanh:
https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/311478/the-art-of-communicating-by-thich-nhat-hanh/
• The Presentation Secrets of Steve Jobs by Carmine Gallo:
https://www.carminegallo.com/books/presentation-secrets-of-steve-jobs/
• Useful Phrases and Strategies for Presentations: https://canicollege.com/wp-
• content/uploads/2018/02/USEFUL-PHRASES-AND-STRATEGIES-FOR-PRESENTATIONS.pdf
• English for Presentations by Marion Grussendorf: https://global.oup.com/academic/product/english-
for-presentations-9780194579522?cc=us&lang=en&
• How to give a good presentation in English: http://sam-ritchie.com/engpresentation.ht
• Open Textbook Library: https://open.lib.umn.edu/publicspeaking/chapter/9-2-the-attention-getter-
the-first-step-of-an-introduction/
• Presentation Expressions: https://www.presentationexpressions.com/
• McLaughlin's Class: https://mclaughlinsclass.blogspot.com/
• Speak Confident English: https://www.speakconfidentenglish.com/
• HubSpot Presentation Styles: https://www.hubspot.com/presentation-styles
 Coach Style
What it is: Energetic and charismatic speakers gravitate towards this style of presenting. It allows them to connect and engage with their
audience using role play and listener interaction.

When to use it: Use this presentation style when you’re speaking at a conference or presenting to an audience who needs to be put at ease.
For example, this style would work well if you were speaking to a group of executives who need to be sold on the idea of what your company
does rather than the details of how you do it.
Coach style presenter: Linda Edgecombe

Instructor Style
What it is: This presentation style allows you to deliver complex messages using figures of speech, metaphors, and lots of content -- just like your
teachers and professors of old. Your decks should be built in logical order to aid your presentation, and you should use high-impact visuals to support
your ideas and keep the audience engaged.
When to use it: If you’re not a comfortable presenter or are unfamiliar with your subject matter (i.e., your product was recently updated a nd you’re not
familiar with the finer points), try instructor-style presenting.
Instructor style presenter: Al Gore

Visual Style
What it is: If you’re a firm believer slides simply exist to complement your talking points, this style is for you. With this speaking style, you
might need to work a little harder to get your audience engaged, but the dividends can be huge for strong public speakers, visionaries, and
storytellers.

When to use it: This style is helpful when speaking to a large audience with broad interests. It’s also great for when you need to throw
together slides quickly.
Visual style presenter: Steve Jobs

What it is: In this style, the speaker relies on anecdotes and examples to connect with their audience. Stories bring your learning points to life, andthe
TED’s Commandments never let you down: Let your emotions out and tell your story in an honest way.

When to use it: Avoid this style if you’re in the discovery phase of the sales process. You want to keep the conversation about your prospect instead of
circling every point or question back to you or a similar client. This style is great for conference speaking, networking events, and sales presentations
where you have adequate time to tell your stories without taking minutes away from questions.

Storytelling style presenter: Jill Bolte Taylor

Freeform Style
What it is: This impromptu style of presenting doesn’t require slides. Instead, the speaker relies on strong stories to illustrate each point. This style
works best for those who have a short presentation time and are extremely familiar with their talking points.

When to use it: Elevator pitches, networking events, and impromptu meetings are all scenarios in which to use a freeform style of speaking. You’ll
appear less rehearsed and more conversational than if you were to pause in the middle of a happy hour to pull up your present ation on a tablet.

Freeform style presenter: Sir Ken Robinson

What it is: In this style, presenters connect with their audience by showing how they’re similar to their listeners. Connectors usually enjoy
freeform Q&A and use gestures when they speak. They also highly encourage audience reaction and feedback to what they’re saying.

When to use it: Use this style of presenting early in the sales process as you’re learning about your prospect’s pain points, challenges, and
goals. This type of speaking sets your listener at ease, elicits feedback on how you’re doing in real time, and is more of a dialogue than a one-
sided presentation

Connector style presenter: Connie Dieken

What it is: The Lessig Style was created by Lawrence Lessig, a professor of law and leadership at Harvard Law School. This presentation style requires
the presenter to pass through each slide within 15 seconds. When text is used in a slide, it’s typically synchronized with the presenter’s spoken words.

When to use it: This method of presentation is great for large crowds -- and it allows the speaker to use a balance of text and image to convey their
message. The rapid pace and rhythm of the slide progression keeps audiences focused, engaged, and less likely to snooze.

Lessig style presenter: Lawrence Lessig

What it is: This method features large, bold text on minimal slides. It was devised by Masayoshi Takahashi, who found himself creating
slides without access to a presentation design tool or PowerPoint. The main word is the focal point of the slide, and phrases, used sparingly,
are short and concise.

When to use it: If you find yourself in Takahashi’s shoes -- without presentation design software -- this method is for you. This style works well
for short presentations that pack a memorable punch.

Takahashi style presenter: Masayoshi Takahashi

www.hubspot.com/presentation
styles
 "Last year, I was walking in the park with my young daughter when she spotted a plastic
bottle lying on the ground. She picked it up and handed it to me, saying, 'Daddy, can we
recycle this?' Her innocent question made me realize that even a small action like recycling
can have a big impact on the world we leave to future generations. Today, I want to share
with you the importance of recycling and how we can all make a difference."

"Can you imagine a world without waste? A world where every piece of paper, every plastic
container, every can, and every bottle is recycled and given new life? It may seem like a
dream, but it's a dream that's within our reach. Today, I want to share with you how we can
all play a part in creating a more sustainable world through recycling."

In 2020, the Malaysian government launched a national campaign called "Kita Recycle" to
promote recycling and increase public awareness about the importance of waste reduction.
The campaign aims to increase the national recycling rate to 40% by 2025. (Source: New
Straits Times)

"Albert Einstein once said, 'We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used
when we created them.' When it comes to waste and the environment, this statement rings
especially true. We need to adopt new ways of thinking and take action to reduce, reuse,
and recycle our waste if we hope to create a sustainable future for ourselves and future
generations. Today, I want to share with you how we can all make a difference through the
simple act of recycling."
 1 2
Analyzing Attention-Grabbing
Introductions:
Bring in a few articles or essays that you
find particularly attention-grabbing. Read
through the introductions and analyze
what makes them effective. Discuss the
different techniques the authors use,
such as anecdotes, quotes, or startling
facts, and how they help to hook the
reader's attention.

3
Speed Introductions: 4
Story Starters:
Pair up with someone and choose a topic Choose a list of story starters, such as "It was
to write a quick introduction on, such as a dark and stormy night" or "I never expected
"Why recycling is important." Set a to find myself in this situation." Write a few
timer for two minutes and write as attention-grabbing introductions that could
many attention-grabbing introductions follow each story starter. Use descriptive
as you can in that time. After the time language and vivid imagery to draw the reader
is up, share your most attention- in.
grabbing introduction with the class.
 TOPIC: RECYCLE

"I used to think that recycling was a hassle, "Did you know that over 90% of "Close your eyes and imagine a world
that it took too much effort to sort out plastic waste has never been where every plastic bottle, every piece
my garbage and make sure it went in the recycled, and that every day, millions
of paper, every aluminum can, and every
right bin. But then I realized that every of tons of plastic end up in our
piece of plastic or cardboard I didn't scrap of cardboard is recycled and
oceans and landfills, polluting our
recycle was contributing to the growing environment and harming wildlife? given new life. Where landfills are empty
environmental crisis. Now, I believe that and oceans are clean. This may seem like
The problem is clear: we need to take
recycling isn't just a choice, it's a
action to reduce, reuse, and recycle a far-off dream, but with the right
responsibility we all have to protect our
our waste, or face the devastating actions, we can make it a reality."
planet and future generations."
consequences."

"Have you ever stopped to think about "Imagine standing on a beach, surrounded
what happens to the plastic bottle or by crystal clear water and white sand. The
"Recycling can be a lot like a sun is shining, and the sound of the waves is
the soda can you throw away? Where
does it go and how long will it take to puzzle - you're never quite sure soothing. But as you look down, you see
decompose? The truth is, these which bin to put things in, and something that breaks your heart: plastic
everyday items can take hundreds of sometimes it feels like you need bottles, bags, and straws littering the sand.
years to break down, and in the You realize that this beautiful beach, and
a degree in rocket science just
meantime, they pollute our environment countless others like it, are being destroyed
to sort out your garbage!" by our waste. The question is, what can we
and harm wildlife. So, the question is,
what can we do to make a difference?" do to protect our planet and preserve its
beauty?"
 How to greet the audience

Good morning/afternoon/evening, everyone.

Welcome to [name of event].
First, let me introduce myself. I am [name] from ...........
Hello, everyone. welcome to my presentation. First of all, let me thank you all
for coming here today.
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. It’s an honour to be with you guys
Hallo/Hi everyone. Thanks for coming.

Welcome to [name of company or event]. My name is [name] and I am the

[job title or background information].
Thank you for coming today. I’m [name] and I’m looking forward to talking
with you today.

On behalf of [name of company], I’d like to welcome you today.

Hi everyone. I’m [name and background]. I’m glad to be here with you today.
Now let’s get started. (informal)

Remember to use a tone that is warm and welcoming, and to project

confidence and enthusiasm. Your greeting is the first impression you will
make on your audience, so it's important to start off on the right foot and set
the tone for the rest of the presentation.
 How to introduce yourself

"Hello, my name is [name] and I am [position or title]."

"My name is [name] and I'm thrilled to be here with you today to talk
about [topic]."

"I'm [name], and I have been [profession or experience] for [number of

years]."

"Good [morning/afternoon/evening], I'm [name], and I'm honored to be

here to share my knowledge and experience with you today."

"My name is [name], and I am passionate about [topic or field]."

Remember to speak clearly and confidently, and to provide enough

information about yourself to establish your credibility and expertise. Be
concise and to the point, and focus on what is most relevant to the
presentation and the audience. This will help you to establish a connection
with your audience and build rapport as you move into the rest of your
presentation.
 How to introduce your topic

This morning I’d like to present our new [product or service].

Today I’d like to discuss…
Today I’d like to share with you…
What I want to share with you is…
My goal today is to help you understand…
During my talk this morning/afternoon, I’ll provide you with some background on [main
topic] and why it is important to you.
I will present my findings on…
By the end of my presentation, I’d like for you to know…
I aim to prove to you / change your mind about…
I’d like to take this opportunity to talk about…
As you know, this morning/afternoon I’ll be discussing…

What I’d like to present to you today is...

As you can see on the screen, our topic today is...
The subject/focus/topic/title of my presentation/talk/speech is...
In this talk, I/we would like to concentrate on...
In my presentation I would like to report on...
I’m here today to present...

Remember to provide enough context about the topic to help your audience
understand its relevance and importance, but also to avoid overwhelming
them with too much information. Focus on the key points and themes that
you will cover in your presentation, and provide a roadmap or outline of
what they can expect to learn. This will help to keep your audience engaged
and focused as you move through your presentation.
 How to state the purpose of the presentation

• This morning I’d like to present our new [product or service].

• "My goal today is to [describe what you hope to accomplish with your
presentation]."Today I’d like to share with you…
• My goal today is to help you understand…
• During my talk this morning/afternoon, I’ll provide you with some background on [main
topic] and why it is important to you.
• "In this presentation, I aim to [explain the outcome you hope to achieve or the problem
you hope to solve]."
• By the end of my presentation, I’d like for you to know…
• I aim to prove to you / change your mind about…
• I’d like to take this opportunity to talk about…
• The purpose of my presentation is to help you [state the benefit or value to your
audience] and to provide you with the tools and knowledge you need to [action your
audience can take]."

• Today’s topic is of particular interest to those of you who...

• By the end of this talk you will be familiar with...
• Today I’d like to give you an overview of...
• I’d like to update you on/inform you about/put you in the picture about/give you the
background to/present
• the results of my TALK...
• During the next 20 minutes we’ll be...
• This talk is designed to act as a springboard for discussion.
• This morning I’m going to be talking to you about/ telling you about/ showing you how to
deal with/ taking a
• look at the recent development in/ reporting on the results of the study we carried out...
• What I’m going to do/What I intend to do is describe to you/show you/tell you about...

Remember to keep your purpose statement clear and concise, and to focus on the
benefits or value that your audience will gain from your presentation. This will help to
engage and motivate your audience to pay attention and take action based on your
presentation.
 How to Outline your presentation

"First, I will [state the main point or topic that you will cover in the beginning of your
presentation]. Second, we will move on to [state the next main point or topic]. Finally, we will
conclude with [state the final point or topic that you will cover]."

"To begin, I will provide an overview of [state the main topic or theme of your presentation].
Next, we will discuss [state the second main topic or theme]. Finally, we will wrap up with
[state the final main topic or theme]."

"In this presentation, I will cover three main topics. First, we will explore [state the first main
topic]. Second, we will dive into [state the second main topic]. Lastly, we will discuss [state
the third main topic]."

"Throughout this presentation, I will cover [state the number of main topics or themes]
topics. These include [list the main topics or themes that you will cover], each of which will
be discussed in detail."

"To give you a better understanding of [state the topic or problem you will address], I will
start by [state the first main point or sub-topic]. After that, we will move on to [state the next
main point or sub-topic], and finally, we will end with [state the final main point or sub-
topic]."

Remember to use clear and concise language when outlining your presentation,
and to make sure that your main points or themes are logically connected. Your
outline should give your audience a clear understanding of what to expect and
how your presentation will flow, and will help them to stay engaged and focused
throughout.
ATTENTION GETTER
CHOOSE WHAT ATTENTION GETTER YOU WANT TO USE

Setting
GREET AUDIENCE INTRODUCE YOURSELF INTRODUCE TOPIC

STATE YOUR PURPOSE

GIVE YOUR PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Share the highlights of your topic

Choice Reason for my choice

 How to Say what is coming

"Let's start with the first point, which is [state the first main point or topic of
your presentation]."

"To begin, I'd like to discuss [state the first main point or topic of your
presentation]."

"The first thing I want to talk about is [state the first main point or topic of
your presentation]."

"Our first focus for today is [state the first main point or topic of your
presentation], which is an important aspect of [state the broader theme or
topic of your presentation]."

"The first topic on our agenda today is [state the first main point or topic of
your presentation]. This is a crucial area that can have a significant impact on
[state the relevance or importance of the topic]."

Remember to provide enough context about the first point to help your
audience understand its relevance and importance, and to be clear and
concise in your language. Use examples or anecdotes to illustrate your points
and to help your audience connect with your message. This will help you to
establish credibility and engagement with your audience from the very
beginning of your presentation.
 How to Indicate the end of a section

"In conclusion, I hope that I have been able to provide you with [state the key
takeaways or benefits from your presentation]."

"That brings us to the end of my presentation. Thank you all for listening, and I
hope you found it informative and helpful."

"I've covered a lot of ground in this presentation, but before we wrap up, I'd like
to leave you with a final thought [state the final message or call to action]."

"To summarize, we've discussed [state the main topics or themes that you
covered in your presentation], and I hope that you've gained a better
understanding of [state the main message or takeaway]."

"Thank you for joining me today. I hope that this presentation has given you
some valuable insights and inspiration [state the benefits or outcomes of your
presentation], and that you will take action based on what you've learned."

Remember to use a clear and concise language when wrapping up your

presentation, and to provide a final message that summarizes your main points
and leaves a lasting impression on your audience. Your conclusion should be
memorable and impactful, and should motivate your audience to take action or
to continue learning more about your topic
 How to Summarize a point

"To summarize, we covered [state the main points or topics] and discussed
[state the key insights or takeaways from each point]."

"In conclusion, we can see that [state the main conclusion or takeaway from
your presentation], which was supported by [state the evidence or arguments
presented throughout your presentation]."

"Let me recap what we've covered so far [state the main points or topics], and
how they relate to [state the main theme or message of your presentation]."

"To sum up, we learned that [state the main lessons or insights that you want
your audience to take away from your presentation], which can help us [state
the benefits or outcomes of your presentation]."

"In short, we discussed [state the main points or themes of your presentation],
and I hope that you have gained [state the key takeaways or benefits] that you
can apply to your own work or personal life."

Remember to use clear and concise language when summarizing your

presentation, and to highlight the key insights or takeaways that you want your
audience to remember. Your summary should be comprehensive and
memorable, and should motivate your audience to take action or to continue
learning more about your topic.
 How to move to the next point

"Next, we will be discussing [state the main point or topic that will be
covered next]."

"Moving on, we will take a closer look at [state the next main point or topic
that you will be covering]."

"Now that we've covered [state the previous main point or topic], let's move
on to [state the next main point or topic]."

"The next part of our presentation will focus on [state the main point or
topic that you will be covering]."

"We've covered a lot of ground so far, and now it's time to [state what you
will be doing next, such as diving deeper into a specific aspect of your
topic, or providing examples or case studies]."

Remember to use transitions between sections of your presentation to help

your audience understand the flow of your presentation and to stay
engaged. Your transitions should be clear and concise, and should help your
audience see how the various parts of your presentation are related to one
another. This will help your audience to follow your presentation and to stay
focused on your main points.
 How to refer to the previous point

"As we discussed earlier, [state the key point or topic that was covered in the
previous section]."

"Building on our earlier discussion of [state the key point or topic that was covered
in the previous section], let's take a closer look at [state the new point or topic you
will be covering]."

"To recap, we saw how [state the key idea or insight from the previous section], and
now we'll explore [state the new point or topic you will be covering]."

"To bring us up to speed, we just finished discussing [state the key point or topic
from the previous section], and now we'll move on to [state the new point or topic
you will be covering]."

"As we saw earlier, [state the key point or topic from the previous section]. This sets
the stage for our next topic, which is [state the new point or topic you will be
covering]."

Remember to use clear and concise language when referring back to the previous
point, and to make sure that your new point or topic is logically connected to the
previous one. This will help your audience to follow your presentation and to stay
engaged with your message. Use transitions and signposts to help your audience
understand the flow of your presentation and to stay focused on your main points.
 How to add new ideas

"Another important aspect to consider is [state the new idea or concept], which
can significantly impact [state the topic or issue you are discussing]."

"In addition to what we've already discussed, there's also [state the new idea or
point], which is another key element to consider."

"Expanding on our earlier discussion, we also need to take into account [state the
new idea or concept] and how it affects [state the broader theme or topic of your
presentation]."

"It's also worth noting that [state the new idea or point], which has implications for
[state the topic or issue you are discussing]."

"While we've covered a lot so far, it's important to consider [state the new idea or
concept] as well, which can further enhance our understanding of [state the topic
or issue you are discussing]."

Remember to use clear and concise language when introducing new ideas, and to
make sure that they are relevant and logically connected to your main points. Use
examples or anecdotes to illustrate your points and to help your audience connect
with your message. This will help you to keep your audience engaged and to build
credibility and authority with your topic.
 How to Elaborate a point

"To give you a better understanding of [state the point or idea you are discussing], let me
provide an example. [Provide a relevant and concise example or case study]."

"To further support this point, let me share some statistics. [Provide relevant statistics or
data to back up your point]."

"It's also important to note that [state additional information or context relevant to your
point], which further emphasizes the importance of [restate the point or idea]."

"To dive deeper into this point, let's take a closer look at [provide more detailed
information or explanation], which highlights [state the significance or relevance of your
point]."

"In order to fully grasp this point, it's important to consider [state the additional factors or
perspectives that contribute to your point], which will help us to [state the benefits or
outcomes of understanding your point]."

Remember to use clear and concise language when elaborating on your points, and to
make sure that your examples or data are relevant and effectively support your message.
Use visuals or other aids to help illustrate your points and to keep your audience engaged.
This will help you to build credibility and authority with your topic, and to keep your
audience interested and focused on your message.
 How to Explain terminology OR Jargon

"For those who may not be familiar with this term, [state the term or jargon], it
refers to [provide a clear and concise definition or explanation]."

"Let me take a moment to clarify this term [state the term or jargon], which is often
used in [state the relevant industry or field]. It refers to [provide a simple and
straightforward definition or explanation]."

"This term [state the term or jargon] can be confusing for those who are not in
[state the relevant industry or field]. In essence, it means [provide a clear and
concise explanation or example]."

"I want to make sure that everyone is on the same page, so let me explain this term
[state the term or jargon]. Simply put, it means [provide a straightforward and easy-
to-understand definition]."

"This term [state the term or jargon] can seem complicated, but it's really just
[provide a simple and clear explanation or analogy]. Essentially, it means [provide a
concise definition or explanation]."

Remember to use clear and simple language when explaining terminology or jargon,
and to provide examples or analogies to help your audience understand the meaning
behind the words. This will help you to build credibility and authority with your topic,
and to keep your audience engaged and focused on your message
 How to Ask Rhetorical Questions

"Have you ever stopped to consider [state the question], and how it affects
[state the topic or issue you are discussing]?"

"What if I told you [state the statement], would you believe it? The truth is,
[state the answer or explanation]."

"Do you ever wonder [state the question], and what impact it has on [state the
topic or issue you are discussing]? The reality is, [state the answer or
explanation]."

"Can you imagine [state the scenario or situation], and how it would affect
[state the topic or issue you are discussing]? The fact is, [state the answer or
explanation]."

"If you think about it, [state the question], and what that means for [state the
topic or issue you are discussing]. The bottom line is, [state the answer or
explanation]."

Remember to use rhetorical questions sparingly and strategically, and to make

sure that they are relevant and thought-provoking for your audience. Use them
to engage your audience, to spark their curiosity, and to encourage them to
think more deeply about your topic. This will help you to keep your audience
engaged and to make your presentation more memorable and impactful.
 How to Interact with the Audience

"Let's pause for a moment and see if there are any questions or comments
from the audience. Does anyone have any thoughts or questions they'd like to
share?"

"I'd like to hear from you now. Can anyone relate to [state the topic or issue],
or share their own experiences or perspectives?"

"Let's do a quick exercise to get everyone involved. Please take a moment to

[state the activity or task], and we'll discuss the results as a group."

"I'm interested in hearing your thoughts on [state the topic or issue]. Can you
share your opinion or perspective with the group?"

"I'd like to open up the floor to anyone who has a question, comment, or idea to
share. Please feel free to speak up and join the conversation."

Remember to use these phrases to create an interactive and engaging

presentation, and to actively listen and respond to your audience's feedback
and questions. Use open-ended questions, polls, or group exercises to
encourage audience participation, and to create a sense of collaboration and
connection. This will help you to build rapport with your audience, to gain
valuable insights, and to create a memorable and impactful presentation.
 Give each section a heading according to what you think are the purpose of the signposts.

What drew me to this work Let’s look at this more closely/in

was… more
I’ll be exploring/looking at/telling detail.
you This can be clearly
about… seen/illustrated by…
I’d like to start by… What does that mean?

Firstly…secondly…thirdly…lastly
First of all…then…next…after
That’s all I have to say about… that…finally
So much for… To start with…to finish off/up
I’ve looked at…

Now I’d like to turn my attention I’d like to leave you with this
to… thought
So now let’s move to… Finally, I just want to remind you
What I’d like to look at now is… of…
What I have learnt from this
research is…
 Fill in the blanks with the correct answer.
Good [morning/afternoon/evening], my name is [Name], and today I want to talk to you about [Topic].

First of all, I want to ____________ by giving you some background information on [Topic] and explaining why it's important.
Answer: start off

Now, let's move on to ____________. This is a key aspect of [Topic], and it's important to understand how it works.
Answer: the first point

Next, I'd like to talk about ____________. This is another important aspect of [Topic], and it's closely related to what we just discussed.
Answer: the second point

So far, we've covered ____________ and ____________. Now, let's turn our attention to ____________. This is a related but slightly different topic
that's still important to understand in the context of [Topic].
Answer: the first point, the second point, the third point

Now, let's ____________ to some of the practical implications of [Topic]. What are some of the challenges or opportunities that we need to be aware
of when it comes to [Topic]?
Answer: turn our attention

Finally, I want to ____________ by summarizing the key points that we've covered today and highlighting the most important takeaways.
Answer: wrap up

That brings me to the end of my presentation. Thank you for listening, and I'd be happy to answer any questions you have at this time.
Answer: True

Let's ____________ by reviewing what we've covered so far.

Answer: start off

Now, I want to ____________ on a related but slightly different topic that I think is important to understand.
Answer: focus

Moving on, I'd like to ____________ on some of the practical implications of [Topic], and offer some suggestions for how we can address these
issues.
Answer: elaborate

So far, we've talked about ____________ and ____________. Now, let's turn our attention to ____________, which is a related but distinct topic that's
still important to understand.
Answer: the first point, the second point, the third point

Now that we've covered the basics, let's ____________ to some more advanced concepts that build on what we've already discussed.
Answer: move on

Let's take a ____________ to review what we've covered so far and make sure that everyone is on the same page.
Answer: pause

Now that we've talked about ____________, let's move on to ____________, which is an important related concept that's worth exploring in more
detail.
Answer: the first point, the second point
• Ideas that you want audience to remember
• Ideas that difficult to explain verbally
• Audience engagement to follow your presentation
• Numbers of presentational aids to use
• Audience aspects –Who? How large?
• Easy to use and comfortability
• Equipment to use
• Time and cost

• Use short phrases

• Put only relevant information that you want to present
• Photo quality, font size, audio should be clear to cater all
audience.
• Avoid fancy print styles – standardized throughout the
presentation.
• Arrange information aesthetically pleasing
• Use pictures or symbols to add interest
• Choose color wisely
• Use presentation software
 VISUAL AIDS
PLANNING SHEET
You need to identify and decide on;

Key ideas to translate into visuals Suitable visuals i.e photos,

diagram

Visual design i.e use camera, ppt Tools and methods needed to display
slides visual aids

Ways to reference the visual The descriptions of visual aids

aids
The goal of this activity is to identify suitable visual aids to
deliver your information effectively and how you will
reference them. You may refer to the visual preparation
sheet.

Consider how you might use visual aids to explain each of the
following:
• The 7 steps of CPR.
• How to change a car flat tire.
• How to prepare your own bug out bag.
• Tragedy of Titanic
• Why you should become an organ donor?
• Malaysia’s folklores
 N OT E :
A good ending for a presentation should leave a lasting impression on
the audience and reinforce the main message of the presentation.
Here are some tips for a strong ending:

SUMMARIZE THE CA LL TO ACT ION

MAIN POINTS: • Encourage the audience to take action based on the presentation, such as
implementing the ideas discussed, exploring further resources, or engaging
• Remind the audience of the key
with the topic in some way. This can help to create a sense of urgency and
takeaways of the presentation, in a
relevance, and inspire the audience to take meaningful steps forward.
concise and memorable way. This will
help to reinforce the main message
and ensure that the audience leaves
with a clear understanding of the L E AV E A L A S T I N G
content.
IMPRESSION
• End the presentation with a strong image or story that will stay
with the audience long after the presentation is over. This can be
an effective way to create an emotional connection with the
END WITH A audience and leave a lasting impression.
Q U OT E :
• Using a powerful or memorable E N D W I T H A Q U OT E
quote related to the topic of the • A striking visual aid, such as a powerful image or graph, can be an effective way
to end a presentation and reinforce the main message in a memorable way.
presentation can be a great way
• Leave a lasting impression: End the presentation with a strong image or story
to end on a high note and leave a that will stay with the audience long after the presentation is over. This can be
lasting impression on the audience. an effective way to create an emotional connection with the audience and leave
a lasting impression.
 Cyber Crime - A Threat to Society

Cyber crime is the criminal act which takes place over the internet through computers as tools
or targets or other smart devices meant for making our work easier. The hacker or criminals
are having various motives of the crime. They may be involved to cause a loss to an individual,
some organization or government.
Several examples of cyber crime include frauds, identity theft, cyberstalking, creating and
sending malware like viruses for destroying the systems or steal the data to make money. People
involved in such activities find them as an easy way of making money. Even many of the well-
educated and knowledge full persons are involved in such activities. Instead of using their mind in
a positive way they employ themselves in cyber crime activities. Day by day this is becoming a
great threat to our society and nation.
Cybercrime is the most prevailing crime in the present scenario, done through the internet. It
causes a severe loss to the victim. Therefore some of the measures should be taken by us to
avoid such crimes. The vigilant behaviour and following the safety protocols are only helping aids
which can reduce the occurrence of cybercrime.

ADAPTED FROM:WWW.ESSAYBANYAN.COM/ESSAY/ESSAY-ON-CYBER-CRIME

Based on the article above,please write a script

which includes all the elements in the presentation
structure.

SUGGESTED ANSWER
Have you ever heard of cybercrime? Have you or someone you know been a victim of cybercrime? Today, we will be
discussing cybercrime and how it affects us all.

Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you for joining me today to discuss the serious issue of cybercrime.
Cybercrime is defined as criminal activity that takes place over the internet, through computers or other smart devices,
with the intention of causing harm, damage, or financial loss. This criminal activity has become increasingly prevalent in
recent years and can have devastating consequences for its victims.

The purpose of this presentation is to educate you on the various types of cybercrime, the motives behind them, and the
measures we can take to avoid becoming victims.

[Cue up slide with definitions of different types of cybercrime and show it on screen]. Cybercrime encompasses a wide
range of activities such as fraud, identity theft, cyberstalking, and creating and sending malware, like viruses, for the
purpose of destroying systems or stealing data. These activities are usually carried out with the motive of causing financial
loss to individuals, organizations, or even the government.

[Cue up slide with data showing the frequency of cybercrime and show it on screen]. Cybercriminals are usually motivated
by financial gain, with the intention of causing financial loss to individuals, organizations, or even the government. However,
sometimes cybercrime is carried out for personal or political reasons, or simply for the thrill of it.

[Cue up slide with tips on how to avoid becoming a victim of cybercrime and show it on screen]. Being vigilant and following
safety protocols are some of the effective ways to reduce the occurrence of cybercrime. This includes using strong
passwords, keeping software up-to-date, avoiding suspicious emails or websites, and being cautious when sharing personal
information online. By being proactive, we can reduce our risk of falling victim to cybercrime.

In conclusion, cybercrime is a serious issue that affects us all. The frequency and severity of cybercrime can lead to
financial loss and even ruin a person's life. We must all be vigilant and take precautions to avoid becoming victims of
cybercrime. Remember, prevention is better than cure.

Now, I would be happy to answer any questions or concerns you may have regarding cybercrime.

I would like to thank you all for joining me today and for your attention. Stay safe and be vigilant.

BACK TO THE QUESTION

 Read each statement below. Place a check mark in the box that best match your behavior
in the classroom.

INTRODUCTION

Attention Grabber

Hello everyone,first of all,thank you for being here today....

Welcome the audience

My name is ............................................................ and i am
Introduce yourself from......................................................

Today i would like to talk about

Inform your purpose ........................................................................................................................................... and
.................................................................................................................................

I have divided my presentation into 3 parts,

First........................................................................
Give the outline of the
presentation next,........................................................................
and lastly ...............................................................
 Write in your own words

BODY
Main Point 1

My first point is

This is because
(Supporting Point 1)

For example

Describe your visual aid

/ graph / data
 Write in your own words

BODY
Main Point 2

My next point is

The reason for my point

is
(Supporting Point 2)

For example

Describe your visual aid

/ graph / data
 Write in your own words

BODY
Main Point 3

Lastly

this is because

(Supporting Point 3)

For example

Describe your visual aid

/ graph / data
 Write your own conclusion here

CONCLUSION
Summary of Today,at first i have discussed about......................

main points Second,i have highlighted........................................

Finally,i talked about..........................................................................

To conclude
Conclusion ...........................................................................................................................................................................

If you have any questions,i will be happy to answer them

Inviting Question ......................................................................................

End your With that,i end my presentation today.thank you for lending me
presentation your ear.
TOPIC AN EFFECTIVE ORAL PRESENTATION

Have you ever been in a situation where you were asked to give an oral presentation, and you
didn't know where to start? Or maybe you started strong but lost your audience's attention
halfway through? Don't worry, because today I'm going to share with you some tips for
delivering an effective oral presentation.

My name is [Name] and I'm here today to talk to you about how to deliver an effective
oral presentation. Oral presentations can be nerve-wracking, but with the right
preparation and mindset, you can deliver a presentation that engages your audience
and effectively communicates your message. In this presentation, I will cover three
main points: how to prepare for your presentation, how to deliver your presentation
effectively, and how to handle the question and answer session.

The purpose of this presentation is to provide you with practical strategies and
techniques that you can use to prepare, deliver, and handle the question and answer
session of an oral presentation effectively.

First, let's take a look at the outline of this presentation

I. Preparation -Researching your topic-Creating a clear outline-Tailoring your
presentation to your audience -Using visual aids to support your message
II. Delivery -Using effective body language-Speaking clearly and confidently-Using
visual aids to support your message-Engaging your audience and creating
opportunities for participation
III. Handling the Question and Answer Session -Anticipating potential questions
Preparing thoughtful responses -Being open to feedback and suggestions
Providing additional resources and information

Main Point 1: How to prepare for your presentation. The first step to delivering an
effective oral presentation is to prepare well. This includes researching your topic
thoroughly, creating a clear outline, and rehearsing your presentation several times.
You should also consider your audience and tailor your presentation to their interests
and needs. Additionally, you may want to include visual aids such as slides or
handouts to support your message. For example, on this slide, you can see a sample
outline for a presentation about effective oral communication.

Main Point 2: How to deliver your presentation effectively. Once you've prepared your
presentation, it's time to deliver it effectively. This involves using effective body
language, speaking clearly and confidently, and using visual aids such as slides or
videos to support your message. You should also engage your audience and create
opportunities for them to participate and ask questions. For instance, on this slide, you
can see some tips for using effective body language during your presentation.
TOPIC AN EFFECTIVE ORAL PRESENTATION

Main Point 3: How to handle the question and answer session. The question and
answer session can be a challenging part of the presentation, but with the right
preparation, you can handle it with confidence. You should anticipate potential
questions, prepare thoughtful responses, and be open to feedback and suggestions
from your audience. You may also want to provide handouts or additional resources
to help your audience follow along and engage with your message. Here, you can see
an example of a handout that provides additional resources and information related
to the topic of effective oral communication.

Conclusion: In conclusion, delivering an effective oral presentation is all about

preparation, delivery, and handling the question and answer session. By following
these tips, you can engage your audience, communicate your message clearly, and
make a positive impression. Remember to be confident, authentic, and passionate
about your topic, and you'll be well on your way to delivering a successful
presentation.

Thank you for listening to my presentation. Now, I would like to open the floor for any
questions or comments you may have. As we discuss, I'll be showing you some slides
and handouts that will help to illustrate my points. Additionally, I have a short video
that I'd like to share with you that provides a real-world example of the concepts
we've been discussing.

"Thank you for joining me today,Thank you again, and have a great day!"

Back
 Anecdote Technique
ATTENTION Have you ever been in a situation where ……………...................................................................................
GETTER I remember when …………………………..................................................................................................................................
It turned out ………………………………........................................................................................................................................

GREETING AND SELF Good morning/afternoon/evening!

INTRODUCTION Thank you for coming to my talk today. My name is …..........................................................................................

Today I’m going to talk about ..........................................................................................................................................................

STATE THE PURPOSE AND Today i would like to talk about (general purpose) ......................................................................................................... and
................................................................................................................................. (specific purpose)
THE OUTLINE
I have divided my presentation into 3 parts,
First..............................................................................................................next, ..........................................................................................................
and lastly ................................................................................................

ORDERING POINTS REFERRING BACK TO WHAT YOU HAVE SAID

Firstly/ To start with,/ First of all, As I said at the beginning
earlier/before, ...
PRESENT THE MAIN BODY GIVING EXAMPLES
For example, / For instance, ... In the first part of my talk, I said ...

PUTTING IT IN OTHER WORDS ADDING INFORMATION

In other words, ...
Besides/ Furthermore/ In addition/ Moreover

Today,at first i have discussed about......................................................................

SUMMARIZING AND Second,i have highlighted .........................................................................................................
Finally,i talked about......................................................................................................................
CONCLUDING To sum up ................................................................................................................................................

INVITING QUESTIONS Do you have any questions you’d like to ask?

THANKING THE Thank you (very much) for your attention/ listening.It has been a pleasure.
AUDIENCE
 1.Artificial intelligence and its potential impact on society
SCIENCE AND 2.The future of space exploration
TECHNOLOGY 3.The benefits and drawbacks of genetic engineering
4.The science behind climate change
5.The role of technology in modern healthcare

• The effects of poverty on children

• Gender inequality and its impact on society
SOCIAL ISSUES: • The importance of mental health awareness
• The history and effects of racism
• The impact of social media on mental health

• The history and evolution of popular music genres

ARTS AND CULTURE • The life and legacy of a famous artist or musician
• The symbolism and themes in a particular work of literature
• The cultural significance of a traditional dance or music genre
• The influence of art and design in everyday life.

• The causes and effects of the First World War

• The formation and significance of the Federation of Malaysia
HISTORY AND POLITICS
• The rise of fascism and Nazism in Europe
• The impact of colonialism on developing countries
• The role of propaganda in shaping public opinion

• The effects of social media on communication and relationships

SOCIAL MEDIA • The role of social media in promoting social activism and political movements
• The impact of social media on mental health and well-being
• The ethics of data privacy and social media use
• The influence of social media on marketing and advertising strategies.

• The benefits of extracurricular activities for academic success

• The importance of time management and study skills for academic achievement
EDUCATION • The impact of teacher-student relationships on learning outcomes
• The role of parental involvement in student success
• The benefits of a growth mindset for academic and personal growth.

• The importance of communication in healthy relationships

RELATIONSHIP • The different types of love languages and how to express them
• The characteristics of healthy and unhealthy friendships
• The impact of social media on relationships
• The importance of setting boundaries in relationships
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Group Presentation:
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