THE INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT

OUTLINE OF THE RESEARCH PROPOSAL

UNDERGRADUATE AND POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS

EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 LOCK DOWN ON THE

PERFORMANCE OF NAMIBIA DRYLOCK AND SHIP REPAIR (NAMDOCK)

BY

SIMON NDILIMEKE

150037244

A RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO THE INTERNATIONAL

UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE BACHELOR HONOURS IN FINANCE
MANAGEMENT: FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

2022
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, I would love to acknowledge and thank the father God who has granted me
with skills, ability, knowledge and wisdom to finish and complete my project, it was all by His
Grace, and glory be to Him.

Secondly, I acknowledge my supervisor Ms Kaoti for been very committed, tireless and willing
to provide me with guidance, always giving me support and continual encouragement. I am very
appreciative of her support in improving my skills in research. I also would like to thank her for
being patient and offering valuable guidance. I have been lucky to have her as my mentor in my
research project.

I would also love to express my gratitude to the empire NAMDOCKS for allowing me to
conduct my research project at their respective Company, and for participating by answering my
research questionnaires. This research could have not taken place without their involvement.
Truly appreciated them.

Finally, I would like to thank my mother Paulus Hallelujah, and my baby daddy Michael Angula
for financial support, my son Allen, Jona, Jomosono Angula and my brother Namwandi Sakaria
for assisting with prayers. God bless you all.
 DEDICATION

I dedicate this project to God Almighty my Creator, my strong Pillar, my Source of inspiration,
wisdom, knowledge and understanding. He has been the Source of my strength throughout this
program of my research and on His wings only have I soared. I also dedicate this work to my
mother Fresimina Kamhanda for financial support, my sister Thesis Kamhanda, Julia Nakale,
Fransina Angela, Anna Justinu, David Kamhanda, Eveline Nangolo and lastly Toini Simon.
Thank you. My love for you all can never be quantified. God bless you.
 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0. Introduction

The main focus of this study is to examine the Impact of Covid-19 lock down on the
Performance of Namibia DRYLOCK and Ship Repair (NAMDOCK). In the introductory
chapter, the researcher will commence with the background of the study, and explain the
statement of the problem, objectives of the study will be summarized with its research questions,
in addition, the significance of the study will be considered, then limitations and delimitations of
the study, as well as the definition of terms used in the study.

1.1. Background of the Study

According to Namdock (2020), the current COVID-19 pandemic has impacted organizations on
both a global and local scale. The governments, as well as public and private sector organizations
worldwide, are adapting at a rapid rate to mitigate the health and economic impacts of the Novel
Coronavirus. Established ship repair and wholly Namibian-owned Company Namdock,
strategically located on the west coast of Africa in Walvis Bay, has the health and wellbeing not
only of its local and international client and supplier base, but also of the Namibian people at
heart during this extraordinarily challenging and uncertain time. Namdock has an inherently
strong relationship with its valued clients and suppliers, as well as with our staff. We are
furthermore deeply invested in and proud of our community and country as a whole, explains.
“We would like to reassure all our stakeholders that we are taking every precaution to ensure the
safety of our customers, employees, support service providers as well as the community at large
during the COVID-19 outbreak,” Muyoba (2021). At the outset of the pandemic, Namdock
implemented a comprehensive response plan, including adherence to prescribed protocols for the
prevention and control of transmission of Covid infections. The company also adopted a
proactive approach to ongoing risk management, and has subsequently continually monitored
adherence to the preventative measures put in place. Namdock will remain compliant in terms of
all prescribed government directives, and will communicate all relevant information to our
stakeholders timeously, as soon as it becomes available,” Muyoba (2021). At this time of great
global uncertainty, Muyoba (2021) asserted that Namdock clients can rest assured company’s
core values of trust, excellence and integrity are unwavering: “We will continue to abide by our
ethos and values, remaining transparent and providing our valued stakeholders with updates as
we receive them. Our hearts go out to all who have been affected by COVID-19. As global
citizens and as Namibians, the company is extremely resilient. Despite all the challenges the
company is facing, because of the pandemic, Namdock and its valued stakeholders will navigate
these turbulent waters together. Namdock, an established ship repair company strategically
provides a holistic service solution in all aspects of marine engineering and ship repair to the
local and international shipping and offshore industry; as well as land-based engineering and
fabrication services to a variety of industries including mining. It has been not fully understood
and known as to investigate the Impact of Covid-19 Lock down on the Performance of Namibia
Drylock and Ship Repair (Namdock), which is why it draws a researcher’s attention to examine
further on the impact Covid-19 it has on the Drylock and Ship Repair (Namdock).

1.2. Statement of the problem

The current COVID-19 pandemic has impacted organizations on both a global and local aspects.
Astute governments, as well as public and private sector organizations worldwide have been
affected badly by the pandemic and the lockdown policy that was introduced then. At this
challenging time, in which business locally and globally has been hugely affected and is
scrambling to resume, despite the offshore sector being under pressure due to the currently low
oil price; which has been negatively impacted by the drastic reduction in the demand caused by,
among other COVID-19-related factors, the ban on international air travel. In spite of that,
NAMDOCK is one of the organization that had to retrench some employees to accommodate the
economic status and the limited output being produced at time of the lockdown. However it was
not fully known and mastered as to examine the impacts of Covid-19 lock down on the
performance of the company (NAMDOCK), which is why the researcher has decided to examine
further on the impact Covid-19 it has on the Drylock and Ship Repair (NAMDOCK).

1.3. Objective of the study

 To examine the impact of Covid-19 lockdown on the Performance of Namibia Drylock

and Ship Repair (NAMDOCK).
 To examine protocols and policies laid down during the lockdown at Namibia Drylock
and Ship Repair (NAMDOCK).
 To solicit measures and strategies to be implemented in order to mitigate the impact of
Covid-19 lockdown on the Performance of Namibia Drylock and Ship Repair
(NAMDOCK).

1.4. Research Questions

 What are the impacts of Covid-19 lockdown on the Performance of Namibia Drylock and
Ship Repair (NAMDOCK)?
 Which protocols and policies were laid down during the lockdown at Namibia Drylock
and Ship Repair (NAMDOCK)?
 What are the solicit measurements and strategies to be implemented in order to mitigate
the impact of Covid-19 lockdown on the Performance of Namibia Drylock and Ship
Repair (NAMDOCK)?

1.5. Significant of the study

This study will investigate the impact of Covid-19 lockdown on the Performance of Namibia
Drylock and Ship Repair (NAMDOCK). It will help to understand how different stakeholders
will be able to come up with effective strategies on how to improve their performance during the
pandemic lockdown and tight economic seasons. This study will deliver valuable information to
all the stakeholders on the protocols and policies laid down during the lockdown. This study will
surely improve the performance of an organization by applying the effective measures and
techniques to be brought up in order to improve the level of performance in an organization.

1.6. Limitation of the Study

The presence of COVID-19 at time, may have an impact on the quality of data collected and
research execution. The researcher may also incur shortage of transportation expenditures.
Inadequate of finances, research resources such as various books, articles, note books, pen, rulers
and data bundles may hinder and limit the researcher to conduct the study in an effective and
efficient manner.

1.7. Delimitation of the Study

The unavailability of relevant literature on the provision of The Impact of Covid-19 Lock down
on the Performance particularly in Namibia may give this study a limited local literature review.
Collecting information from the selected company NAMDOCK may compromise the reliability
of the data especially if the participants provide bias information to create a desirable impression
of the situation. However, in order to reduce human bias the researcher will use a questionnaire
to collect data.

1.8. Definition of terms

COVID-19-Is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-COV-2 Virus.

Lockdown- is a restriction policy for people, community or country to stay where they are,
usually due to specific risks such as Covid-19.

Performance- an action or process of performing a task function to obtain a desirable results.

Stakeholder- refers to the party that has an interest in a company and can either affect or be
affected by the business.

1.9. Summary

Chapter one discussed the background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the
study, research questions, significance of the study, limitations, delimitations, summary and
definitions of terms. The next chapter will discuss the literature review.

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0. Introduction

This chapter aims to present the review of theoretical and empirical literature in relation to the
research questions being investigated: Examining the Impact of Covid-19 Lock down on the
Performance. In this chapter, the researcher is going to review related theoretical and conceptual
frameworks on examining the Impact of Covid-19 Lock down on the Performance.

2.1. Theoretical Framework

According to Enesi & Ibrahim (2020), many theories relating to economic shock, terrorism and
pandemic have been postulated. Some of which are, options theory, events systems theory,
structural inertia, institutional theory, resource dependency theory, resources or orchestrated
theory, Prospect theory and Game theory Craighead et al. (2020) elicited the relevance of games
theory in decision making by different companies during pandemic of this nature. Two theories
related to this research study are namely as: Games theories and prospect are reviewed.

2.1.1. Game theory

According to Von Neumann & Morgenstern, (2007) game theory is also a prediction theory that
uses a set of rules and guidelines on how stakeholders respond to situation and information while
relating or interacting with one another. Von Neumann & Morgenstern, (2007) posted that games
theory assumes selfish choices are made during one-time interaction. Furthermore, Bo, 2005
submitted that, continuous relationship among stakeholders will lead to cooperation, knowing
fully well that selfish act will lead to future retaliation. In addition to that, Games theory has
been applied to the adoption of new technology (Zhu & Weyant, 2003), decisions on distribution
channels and production quantities and optimal pricing. Based on the assumptions of Game
theory, firms with the objectives of competing are likely to cooperate during Pandemic because
of the implication of the high cost of defection (Craighead et al., 2020).

2.1.2. Prospect theory

According to Tversky & Khneman, (1992) submitted that prospect theory becomes relevant and
useful for decision making during uncertainty. It is often an advantage to present situation
positively than on a negative term (Craighead et al., 2020), which leads to the selection of riskier
options. Prospect theory facilitates prediction into the near future about how a manager will react
under a pandemic situation.

2.2. Conceptual Review

According to Von Neumann & Morgenstern, (2007), towards the end of 2019, an infectious and
viral disease code named: COVID-19 became prevalence. The emergence of this novel virus was
not evidentially traceable, but was adjudged to have emanated from a clustering pneumonia of
unknown etiology in Wuhan city, a district in China. This un-identifiable virus spread virally to
other part of the globe without frontier. The medical experts claimed that COVID-19 affects the
entire respiratory system of the body by collapsing the lungs first which leads to shortness of
breath and eventual collapse of all functional organs of the body. Von Neumann & Morgenstern,
(2007), added that in March, 2020, COVID-19 was discovered in Nigeria and the following
states; Lagos, Ogun and FCT fell to record early casualties of the pandemic. The record provided
by NCDC mid-November 2020 indicated many cases of patients that contacted COVID-19 and
death rates.
 In other to contain the spread of the virus, the federal government instituted several protocols,
including a complete lockdown in the nation. This measure became a major constraint to
business and specifically, large companies and SMEs due to, restrictions of movement, ban on
market places, transport restriction and social distancing order. Von Neumann & Morgenstern,
(2007). Hence, the prevalence and spread of COVID-19 like wild fire is still a mirage and novel
to the world. In view of this, effort has been made to present reviewed studies of previous
researchers in this study area. Aderemi et al. (2020) submitted that COVID-19 spread to Africa
as by-product of globalization while examining the nexus between globalization and Covid-19
pandemic vis-à-vis Africa and China. Del Rio et al. (2020) examined the impact of COVID-19
pandemic on stock market value of China, Europe and USA with an application of differential
analysis. The authors submitted that COVID-19 pandemic exacted different impacts in the stock
markets the regions under study.

Following various authors conceptual review, the researcher has made efforts to present a
conceptual relationship between the independent variable, the proxies that indicated the effect of
COVID-19 on depended variable and as shown in Figure 1 below which presents this study’s
conceptual framework:

Independent Variable Intervening Variable Dependent variable

Impact of Covid-19
Pandemic
Lock-down Business performance
- Restriction of and operation
Infectious disease movement. - Economic crises
- Sickness - Difficulty exchanging - Low production and
- Disease of good and services. sales
- Illness - Complications in - Income Statements
exporting and importing affected.
- Death of goods.
- Isolations - Inadequate of suppliers.
- Quarantine
- Cash flow difficulties
Figure 1. Study’s conceptual framework. Source: (Own model)
2.3. Empirical Review

According to Von Neumann & Morgenstern, (2007), this section of the study presents a review
of previous studies that empirically tested the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the
performance of business in globally. Many researchers have conducted studies around the world
since the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic with devastating effect on the world economy and
have mostly affected the operations and performance of small, medium and large enterprises.
Some of the reviews of previous studies are highlighted as follow:

Firstly, the study made by Okey-Colbert et al. (2020) indicated that, despite the contributions of
different enterprises to the economic development and growth in the country, it has been
confronted with different challenges such as; low skilled manpower, multiplicity of statutory
levies, fares, and incremental expenses of operating businesses. Enterprises are characterized by
low productivity, limited access to financial resources and a negligible role in global value
chains and the trading system. Obviously, growth in business is a measure of performance,
hence, without growth, business operations cannot be sustained or have sufficient capacity to
confront crisis since most of the Enterprises are already in comatose. Businesses cannot get
supply of the goods they buy because most of them are majorly imported from China. Since most
of these Enterprises operate on a day-to-day level, their investments for the first half of this year
2020 have all but washed down the drain. Supply and demand challenges have led to an inability
to meet loan and lease repayment schedules. As the overall volume of production falls and cash
starts to run out, some Enterprises have already had to down size their staff strength, and some
non-essential staff were relieved of their jobs.

Secondly, Abideen (2020) provided an insight of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the

performance of business and its survival in a research study. The result of the study revealed the
significant negative relationship with the business performance. Following the negative effect
COVID-19 pandemic is posing to the business performance. Most of them are reducing staff
strength in order to cope with the overhead expenses, revenue is decreasing and declining
geometrically, defaults in the repayment of loans are also being recorded due to inadequate cash
inflow. Ironically, most of the business are reducing staff strength, revenue is decreasing
geometrically, and defaults in the repayment of loans are being recorded.

There are many researches ongoing that are yet to unravel or explore the empirical performance
of business on business owners. It is on this premise that the researcher decided to examine the
Impact of Covid-19 Lock down on the Performance of Namibia Drylock and Ship Repair
(Namdock).

2.4. Summary

This chapter has presented the conceptual framework, theoretical framework and empirical
studies that informed about the study. In conceptual framework the researcher has given out
assumptions on the Impact of Covid-19 Lock down on the Performance. These assumptions have
been enlightened with theoretical and empirical literatures reviewed.
 CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.0. Introduction
This chapter describes research methods and techniques that will be used in conducting this
research. It will begin by explaining the research design and data collection instruments.
Population and sample considered in this study will be discussed. The methods of data
collection, which will be used to analyze data will be explained, issue of data validity and
reliability as well as ethical consideration will be covered.

3.1. Research Design

According to Creswell (2005), research design refers to the technique/design for acquiring study
participants and collecting data from them. Creswell (2005) added that, a research design is a set
of conditions for data collection and analysis that attempts to balance relevance to the research
goal with economy and procedure. Maritum, (2017) defined that the research design is defined
as the set of data gathering and analysis settings that strike a balance between relevance to the
research purpose and procedural economy.

According to Maritum, (2017), the study will use an approach research methodology to collect
research data, which incorporates qualitative methods, because this method will allow a
researcher to look at the research problem from many perspectives and present a more complete
picture when evaluating results. Qualitative methods approach, refers to a method for collecting,
analyzing, and combining data at some point during the research process within a single study, in
which the researcher collected text data to answer the study's research questions. Qualitative
methods approach will be used to fulfill a variety of research goals. Furthermore, qualitative
approach will be used to elicit the views, beliefs and experiences of the all the stakeholders on
the Impact of Covid-19 Lock down on the Performance of Namibia Drylock and Ship Repair
(Namdock).

3.2. Population of the Study

According to Best and Kaln (2006) population as a group of individuals with at least one
characteristic in common which distinguishes it from other individuals. The population of this
study will be all the relevant stakeholders of NAMDOCK. The management and targeted
population is said to be at 15 participants.

3.3. Sampling Strategies/Methods

According to McCombes, (2021), defined two broad types of sampling Probability and Non-
Probability. A probability is one in which every unit in the population has a chance of being
selected in the sample, and this probability can be accurately determined. In non-probability
sample, the exact number of elements in the population is unknown with the result that the
likelihood of selecting any one member of the population is not known.

3.3.1. Simple-Random Sampling

The Researcher will use simple random sampling as the method of sampling strategies. In this
case each individual will be chosen and has an equal chance to be chosen entirely by the
researcher, this means that each member will an equal chance, or probability, of being selected.
Therefore in this scenario, the researcher will get take the sampling frame of the three (3) general
management, two (2) HR Management, four (4) staff members. The reasons why the researcher
has decided to use simple random sampling is because, it allowed the sampling errors to be
detected easily, Simple Random Sampling is very simple to use and very accurate, it also
reduced selection of bias.

3.4. Research instruments (Data collection instruments)

3.4.1. Questionnaires Method

According to Kombo and Tromp, (2006) A questionnaire is a data collection instrument used to
gather data over a large sample or number of respondents. Structured questionnaire will be
developed; the first section of the instrument will address issues of demographic data of the
participants such as age group, gender and department. This study will use a questionnaire
method. Quantitative and qualitative data will be collected using questionnaires that will be filled
by a selected organization NAMDOCK on the random sampling method. The researcher will use
questionnaire method because it allows respondents to answer and express their opinions freely.
Furthermore, some respondents prefer to express their opinion in written formats than being
interviewed or observed, hence questionnaire helps them to answer comfortably and more
effectively. Separate questionnaires comprising open-ended and close-ended questions will be
addressed to all the relevant stakeholders at a selected company, NAMDOCK.

3.4.2. Interview Method

According to Silverman (1997) defined interview as the tools mainly for the collection of
qualitative data and are popular as a data-collection tool because of their flexibility. When one is
planning and considering an interview, there factors that the researcher need to put into
consideration this includes Completeness, Tact, Precision, Accuracy, and Confidentiality.
Interviews require specialized skills from the interviewer, who will need to negotiate a good
partnership with the respondent to ensure a highly detailed and valid set of qualitative data is
collected and transcribed effectively. An interview technic will be used to collect data from the
top management to give views and perceptions on Impact of Covid-19 Lock down on the
Performance of Namibia Drylock and Ship Repair (Namdock). This study will use standardized
open-ended interview questions that will be asked in a specific order. The researcher will take
notes during the interview.

3.5. Data Analysis

According to Cooper and Schindler (2014). Data analysis is the process of editing and reducing
accumulated data to a manageable size, developing summaries, looking for patterns, and
applying statistical techniques Cooper and Schindler (2014), stated that what managers need is
information and not raw data, hence it’s therefore the duty of the researcher to generate the
needed information through analysis of the collected data.

Once the data has been gathered, the analysis of the data is undertaken. In this study, the data
will be analyzed using qualitative and quantitative approach. Whereby qualitative approach,
Word reporting structures will be used to present discussion of the findings, summary,
recommendations and conclusions. While quantitative approach, numerical data will be used to
present tables, graphs and percentages of the responses in numerical form. The methods are
chosen because they are simple to apply and easy in understanding to a variety of readers and the
audience at large.

3.6. Reflexivity, Reliability and Validity

Reflexivity entails the relationship between the researcher and the social world Patton, (2002). It
suggests that researcher cannot obtain an entirely objective position from which to study the
world. The researcher acknowledge that one cannot stand outside the social world that one is
studying and hence will be aware of how one would be perceived as to what extent one had
influence on the results. The researcher will take the view that data is not just something out
there to be collected but as something created through a social process. Data will be gathered
through a social interaction between researcher, responded interviewer and informants. The
researcher will be mindful of the importance of reliability and validity of measures and
procedures. Readers and users of this research will be asked how accurate the findings are and
representation of what actually exists and the extent to which the methods are really measuring
what was intended to be measured. Reliability concerns the extent to which the survey would
give consistent results if applied by different researchers more than once to the same people
under standardized conditions (Patton, 2002). This will be one of the reasons for adopting the
restructured approach towards the respondents as this method has a high validity as it is
standardized and controlled.

However, this approach could be artificial since social interaction is more complex. Thus, it may
produce results, which are high on internal validity (causal inference) but low on the external
validity in terms of generalizing to a wider population. Small-scale studies using in-depth
interviews with a handful of informants may be low on internal validity but high on external
validity because they relate to people in everyday settings. With internal validity, the conclusions
are correct within a particular investigation or within the context of a specific settings and this is
more important in this study as the aim is not necessarily to generalize findings but make
inferences.

3.7. Ethical Considerations

Ethical issues refer to conducting research in a manner that does not result in harming the
participants at all. Sapsford (2006) revealed that an ethical act as “doing no harm” to research
participants and the researcher must obtain the participants’ informed consent. Firstly, the
researcher will obtain ethical clearance from The International University of Management in
partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Requirement for the Bachelor Honours in Finance
Management: Faculty of Business Administration, while permission is to be obtained from the
management of NAMDOCK in Walvis Bay as well. During the data collection process, the
interviewees and respondents are to be informed of their right not only to talk and write in
confidence, but also to refuse allowing publication of any material that they thought might harm
them in one way or another. In the same vein, participants were assured of privacy,
confidentiality and anonymity.

3.8. Summary
Chapter three has presented the research methodology and touched on research design as well as
Research methods. In addition, it presented the study population, sampling methods, research
instrument, data collection activities, data analysis methods, Reflexivity, Reliability and Validity
and lastly explained Ethical consideration as well.
 Reference List

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Enterprises in Abeokuta, Ogun State Nigeria. Scholars Journal of Economics, Business
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2. Aderemi, T. A., Ojo, L. B., Ifeanyi, O. J., & Efunbajo, S. A. (2020). Impact of Corona
Virus (COVID-19) Pandemic on Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria:
A Critical Case Study. Acta Universitatis Danubius. Economica, 16, 251-261.

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Management Research: Toward a Theoretical Toolbox. Decision Sciences, 51, 838-866.
https://doi.org/10.1111/deci.12468

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approaches. University of Nebraska, Lincoln.

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 APPENDIX A
TO THE MANAGEMNT OF NAMDOCK
I am a final year student at the International University of Management writing a research project
on the impact of covid-19 lock down on the performance of Namibia Drylock and Ship Repair
(NAMDOCK) as part of my Bachelor Honours in Finance Management. The finding of this
research will be presented to the University in the form of a project. The data will be kept
confidential and used for statistical purposes only and the identity of sources of information will
not be revealed. I would therefore be very thankful if you could spare sometime to respond to
this questionnaire.

Section A: Biographical Information

1. Gender

Male
Female

2. What is your education highest qualification?

Master Degree
Bachelor’s
 Diploma
Certificate
3. For how long have you been serving or working for Namibia Drylock and Ship Repair
(NAMDOCK)?

Less than 5 years

5-10 years
10-20 years
More than 20 years

SECTION B: Open-Ended Questions

4. What were the restrictions measures imposed by NAMDOCK during the pandemic?

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5. How did the restrictions measures imposed during Covid-19 pandemic impacted the
performance of Namibia Drylock and Ship Repair?

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6. For how long were the strict protocols implemented during the pandemic?

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.

7. How did the implementations of strict protocols affected the performance of NAMDOCK?

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8. What were the impacts of strict protocols on the management committee?

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9. What are the impacts of Covid-19 lockdown on the Performance of Namibia Drylock and Ship
Repair (NAMDOCK)?

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10. Which protocols and policies were laid down during the lockdown at Namibia Drylock and
Ship Repair (NAMDOCK)?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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11. What are the solicit measurements and strategies to be implemented in order to mitigate the
impact of Covid-19 lockdown on the Performance of Namibia Drylock and Ship Repair
(NAMDOCK)?

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Thank you so much for your participation