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Tutorial 6

The document discusses four problems related to fluid flow in pipes. Problem 1 asks the student to show that the mean velocity is half the centerline velocity for laminar pipe flow, and to calculate the Reynolds number and pressure gradient for given flow conditions. Problem 2 asks the student to calculate the viscosity of a fluid given flow properties. Problem 3 asks the student to determine the maximum pressure allowed to maintain laminar flow in a vertical pipe. Problem 4 asks the student to calculate the head loss and pressure drop for upward laminar flow in a vertical pipe. Step-by-step solutions are provided for each problem.

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clarence lim
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25 views

Tutorial 6

The document discusses four problems related to fluid flow in pipes. Problem 1 asks the student to show that the mean velocity is half the centerline velocity for laminar pipe flow, and to calculate the Reynolds number and pressure gradient for given flow conditions. Problem 2 asks the student to calculate the viscosity of a fluid given flow properties. Problem 3 asks the student to determine the maximum pressure allowed to maintain laminar flow in a vertical pipe. Problem 4 asks the student to calculate the head loss and pressure drop for upward laminar flow in a vertical pipe. Step-by-step solutions are provided for each problem.

Uploaded by

clarence lim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tutorial 6 Qu 1

For steady laminar pipe flow:


a. Show that the mean velocity V is half the centreline
velocity Vc.

b. If the centreline velocity in an 0.1 m diameter tube is


3 m/s, and the fluid has a density of 1260 kg/m3 and
viscosity of 0.9 N.s/m2, calculate the Reynolds number
and the pressure gradient necessary for the flow.

from the lecture slides:


Qu 1a_ Solution
Qu 1b_ Solution

Calculate the Re No. and pressure drop:


Vc = 3 m/s, hence mean V = 1.5 m/s

Re =  V D / = 1260 ×1.5 × 0.1 / 0.9 = 210


Re < 2100  Laminar Flow

from lecture slides

Pressure Gradient is =

= 4320 N/m2 /m
Tutorial 6 Qu 2
Fluid (specific gravity = 0.95) is discharged from a
small enclosure through a horizontal tube 45 mm long,
0.75 mm diameter, at 0.12×10-3 l/s. The pressure at
upstream end of the tube is 1.31 kPa and downstream
at the end of the tube discharge is atmospheric.
Calculate the viscosity of the fluid.

Given
 = 950 kg/m3
L = 0.045 m
D = 0.00075 m
Q = 0.12 x 10-6 m3/s
p = 1,310 Pa
Qu 2_ Solution
Assume laminar flow:

μ = 1.88x10-3 kg/m.s

 = 950 kg/m3
L = 0.045 m
D = 0.00075 m
Q = 0.12 x 10-6 m3/s
p = 1,310 Pa
Re < 2,100  laminar flow
Qu 2_ Solution – Note

for laminar flow:


Qu 2_ Solution (Alternative Solution)
Assume laminar flow:
Friction head loss in flow through tube:

Same diameter pipe … hence V1 = V2;


pipe horizontal … hence Z1 = Z2

 = 950 kg/m3
L = 0.045 m
D = 0.00075 m
Q = 0.12 x 10-6 m3/s
p = 1,310 Pa
Qu 2_ Solution (Alternative Solution)  = 950 kg/m3
L = 0.045 m
D = 0.00075 m
Q = 0.12 x 10-6 m3/s
p = 1,310 Pa

Laminar flow :

Re = 102.7, assumption of laminar flow is correct.


Tutorial 6 Qu 3
A fluid of density  = 1,000 kg/m3 and viscosity  = 0.30
N·s/m2 flows steadily down a vertical 0.10 m diameter
pipe and exits as a free jet from the lower end.
Determine the maximum pressure allowed in the pipe
at a location 10 m above the pipe exit, if the flow is to
be laminar.

Re = 2,100 for maximum pressure


For laminar flow
 = 1,000 kg/m3
from lecture slides:
L = 10 m
D = 0.10 m
 = 0.3 N.s/m2
V = 6.30 m/s
q = - 90o
p = ?

Yielding , p = −37.6 kPa


Tutorial 6 Qu 4
Glycerin flows upward in a vertical 75 mm diameter
pipe with a centre line velocity Vc of 1.0 m/s.
Determine the head loss and pressure drop in a 10-m
length of the pipe. Dynamic viscosity of glycerin is 1.5
N·s/m2 and density = 1,260 kg/m3
For laminar flow
Average velocity, V = 0.5 Vc

V = 0.5 m/s
For laminar flow

Flow is upward, therefore q = +90o

 = 1,260 kg/m3
L = 10 m
D = 0.075 m
 = 1.5 N.s/m2
V = 0.5 m/s

p = ?
Find head loss , hL (m)

Apply BE between 1 - 2
.2
10 m

.1

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