Narration
Narration
Narration
Definition :
The art of reporting the words of a speaker is called Narration.
1. Direct Speech
2. Indirect Speech
Direct Speech:
In this form, the actual words of the speaker are put in quotes “”.
Ex:-
Indirect Speech
In this form, the actual words of the speaker are transformed and said/written in a
simple manner.
Ex:-
Rule No 2.
2nd Person pronoun of Reported speech is changed according to Object of
Reporting verb.
Rule No 3.
3rd Person Pronoun of Reported speech is not changed.
Rule No.1
If reporting verb is given in Present or Future tense then there will be no change
in the verb or tense of Reported speech
Rule No.2
If the reporting verb is given in Past tense then the tense of the verb of Reported
Speech will change into corresponding Past tense.
Exception 1:
If Reporting speech has Universal Truth or Habitual fact then there is no change
in the Tense.
Direct: Our teacher said, “Asoka left war after the conquest of Kalinga”.
Indirect: Our teacher said that Asoka left war after the conquest of Kalinga.
Exception 3:
If Reporting speech has two actions to be happening at a time when there is no
change in the Tense.
Direct: She said “My wife was making lunch when I was studying”
Indirect: She said that her wife was making lunch when she was studying.
Exception 4:
If Reporting speech has some Imagined Condition then there is no change in the
Tense.
Exception 5:
If the Reporting speech holds form, to-infinitive and would, could, should, must,
might, ought to etc. then there is no change in the Tense.
Some other small changes that used to take place while changing Direct Speech
to Indirect Speech.
1.Come is changed to go if there is some word given after come that shows
nearness.
2. If this, here and now points to such a thing, place or time that is in front of the
speaker then no change takes place in Indirect Narration.
Rule 1
Rule 1
If question is formed with the help of any of the helping verbs like is/are/am,
was/were, has/have, do/does, will/would etc then “ __” are to be replaced by if or
whether
If the question is formed with the help of words starting with “Wh” like who,
whose, what, whom, when etc (also known as W family) or How then to replace
“___” no conjunction is used.
Rule 3
In these sentences the question form of the sentence is removed and full-stop is
put at the end of the sentence.
Helping verb is /are/am, was/were etc should be put after the subject.
If the interrogative sentence is expressing positive feeling then the do/does of the
Direct speech is removed while converting it into Indirect speech.
If the interrogative sentence is expressing negative feeling then do/does of the
Direct speech is changed into did while converting it into Indirect speech.
Did or has/have the interrogative sentence is changed to had.
Rule 4:
Pronouns and verbs are changed according to the set rule of Narration.