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List of all Five Year Plans of India
The first five-year plan in India was launched in 1951 and since then, India
has witnessed twelve Five Year Plans. The present government had
however discontinued the Five-year plan system and a new mechanism
was put into place. Let us have a look at all the Five Year Plans the
country has witnessed so far.
HEMANT SINGHUPDATED: APR 7, 2021 18:18 IST
List of five year plans of India
The Five-Year Plans were laid to rest by the Narendra Modi-led NDA
government in 2015. Hence, the 12th five-year plan is considered the last
five-year plan of India. The decades-old Five-Year Plans was replaced
by a three-year action plan, which will be part of a seven-year strategy
paper and a 15-year vision document. The Niti Aayog has replaced the
Planning Commission in the Modi Cabinet and launched three-year
action plans from April 1, 2017, onwards.
1. First Five Year Plan:
I. It was launched for the duration of 1951 to 1956, under the leadership
of Jawaharlal Nehru.
II. It was based on the Harrod-Domar model with a few modifications.
III. Its main focus was on the agricultural development of the country.
IV. This plan was successful and achieved a growth rate of 3.6% (more
than its target of 2.1%).
V. At the end of this plan, five IITs were set up in the country.
2. Second Five Year Plan:
I. It was made for the duration of 1956 to 1961, under the leadership
of Jawaharlal Nehru.
II. It was based on the P.C. Mahalanobis Model made in the year 1953.
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II. It was based on the P.C. Mahalanobis Model made in the year 1953.
III. Its main focus was on the industrial development of the country.
IV. This plan lags behind its target growth rate of 4.5% and achieved a
growth rate of 4.27%.
V. However, this plan was criticized by many experts and as a result, India
faced a payment crisis in the year 1957.
(P.C. Mahalanobis)
3. Third Five Year Plan:
I. It was made for the duration of 1961 to 1966, under the leadership
of Jawaharlal Nehru.
II. This plan is also called ‘Gadgil Yojna’, after the Deputy Chairman of
Planning Commission D.R. Gadgil.
III. The main target of this plan was to make the economy independent.
The stress was laid on agriculture and the improvement in the production
of wheat.
IV. During the execution of this plan, India was engaged in two wars: (1)
the Sino-India war of 1962 and (2) the Indo-Pakistani war of 1965. These
wars exposed the weakness in our economy and shifted the focus to the
defence industry, the Indian Army, and the stabilization of the price (India
witnessed inflation).
V. The plan was a flop due to wars and drought. The target growth was
5.6% while the achieved growth was 2.4%.
Welfare Programmes by the Government of India
4. Plan Holidays:
I. Due to the failure of the previous plan, the government announced three
annual plans called Plan Holidays from 1966 to 1969.
II. The main reason behind the plan holidays was the Indo-Pakistani war
and the Sino-India war, leading to the failure of the third Five Year Plan.
III. During this plan, annual plans were made and equal priority was given
to agriculture its allied sectors and the industry sector.
V. In a bid to increase the exports in the country, the government
declared devaluation of the rupee.
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declared devaluation of the rupee.
5. Fourth Five Year Plan:
I. Its duration was from 1969 to 1974, under the leadership of Indira
Gandhi.
II. There were two main objectives of this plan i.e. growth with stability and
progressive achievement of self-reliance.
III. During this time, 14 major Indian banks were nationalized and the
Green Revolution was started. Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and the
Bangladesh Liberation War took place.
IV. Implementation of Family Planning Programmes was amongst major
targets of the Plan
V. This plan failed and could achieve a growth rate of 3.3% only against
the target of 5.7%.
6. Fifth Five Year Plan:
I. Its duration was 1974 to 1978.
II. This plan focussed on Garibi Hatao, employment, justice, agricultural
production and defence.
III. The Electricity Supply Act was amended in 1975, a Twenty-point
program was launched in 1975, the Minimum Needs Programme (MNP)
and the Indian National Highway System was introduced.
IV. Overall this plan was successful which achieved a growth of 4.8%
against the target of 4.4%.
V. This plan was terminated in 1978 by the newly elected Moraji Desai
government.
7. Rolling Plan:
I. After the termination of the fifth Five Year Plan, the Rolling Plan came
into effect from 1978 to 1990.
II. In 1980, Congress rejected the Rolling Plan and a new sixth Five Year
Plan was introduced.
III. Three plans were introduced under the Rolling plan: (1) For the budget
of the present year (2) this plan was for a fixed number of years-- 3,4 or 5
(3) Perspective plan for long terms-- 10, 15 or 20 years.
IV. The plan has several advantages as the targets could be mended and
projects, allocations, etc. were variable to the country's economy. This
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projects, allocations, etc. were variable to the country's economy. This
means that if the targets can be amended each year, it would be difficult to
achieve the targets and will result in destabilization in the Indian economy.
8. Sixth Five Year Plan:
I. Its duration was from 1980 to 1985, under the leadership of Indira
Gandhi.
II. The basic objective of this plan was economic liberalization by
eradicating poverty and achieving technological self-reliance.
III. It was based on investment Yojna, infrastructural changing, and trend
to the growth model.
IV. Its growth target was 5.2% but it achieved a 5.7% growth.
9. Seventh Five Year Plan:
I. Its duration was from 1985 to 1990, under the leadership of Rajiv
Gandhi.
II. The objectives of this plan include the establishment of a self-sufficient
economy, opportunities for productive employment, and up-gradation of
technology.
III. The Plan aimed at accelerating food grain production, increasing
employment opportunities & raising productivity with a focus on ‘food, work
& productivity
IV. For the first time, the private sector got priority over the public sector.
V. Its growth target was 5.0% but it achieved 6.01%.
10. Annual Plans:
I. Eighth Five Year Plan could not take place due to the volatile political
situation at the centre.
II. Two annual programmes were formed for the year 1990-91& 1991-92.
11. Eighth Five Year Plan:
I. Its duration was from 1992 to 1997, under the leadership of P.V.
Narasimha Rao.
II. In this plan, the top priority was given to the development of human
resources i.e. employment, education, and public health.
III. During this plan, Narasimha Rao Govt. launched the New Economic
Policy of India.
IV. Some of the main economic outcomes during the eighth plan period
were rapid economic growth (highest annual growth rate so far – 6.8 %),
high growth of agriculture and allied sector, and manufacturing sector, growth in
exports and imports, improvement in trade and current account deficit. A high
growth rate was achieved even though the share of the public sector in total
investment had declined considerably to about 34 %
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investment had declined considerably to about 34 %
V. This plan was successful and got an annual growth rate of 6.8% against
the target of 5.6%.
12. Ninth Five Year Plan:
I. Its duration was from 1997 to 2002, under the leadership of Atal Bihari
Vajpayee.
II. The main focus of this plan was “Growth with Social Justice and
Equality”.
III. It was launched in the 50th year of independence of India.
IV. This plan failed to achieve the growth target of 6.5% and achieved a
growth rate of 5.6%.
13. Tenth Five Year Plan:
I. Its duration was from 2002 to 2007, under the leadership of Atal Bihari
Vajpayee and Manmohan Singh.
II. This plan aimed to double the Per Capita Income of India in the next 10
years.
III. It also aimed to reduce the poverty ratio to 15% by 2012.
IV. Its growth target was 8.0% but it achieved only 7.6%.
14. Eleventh Five Year Plan:
I. Its duration was from 2007 to 2012, under the leadership of Manmohan
Singh.
II. It was prepared by the C. Rangarajan.
III. Its main theme was “rapid and more inclusive growth”.
IV. It achieved a growth rate of 8% against a target of 9% growth.
15. Twelfth Five Year Plan:
I. Its duration is from 2012 to 2017, under the leadership of Manmohan
Singh.
II. Its main theme is “Faster, More Inclusive and Sustainable Growth”.
III. Its growth rate target was 8%.
For a long time, there had been a feeling that for a country as diverse and
big as India, centralised planning could not work beyond a point due to its
one-size-fits-all approach. Therefore, the NDA government has dissolved
the Planning Commission which was replaced by the NITI Aayog. Thus,
there was no thirteen Five Year Plan, however, the five-year defense plan
was made. It is important to note that the documents of the NITI Aayog
have no financial role. They are only policy guide maps for the
government.
The three-year action plan only provides a broad roadmap to the
government and does not outline any schemes or allocations as it has no
financial powers. Since it doesn't require approval by the Union Cabinet,
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financial powers. Since it doesn't require approval by the Union Cabinet,
its recommendations are not binding on the government.
Questions
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1 Who gives the final approval to the five year plans of India?
A National Development Council (NDC)
B Ministry of Finance
C Planning Commission (now NITI Aayog)
D President of India
View Answer
Answer: National Development Council (NDC)
2 What as the prime target of the first five year plan of India?
A Development of the industries
B Development of Agriculture
C Development of infrastructure
D Development of ports
View Answer
Answer: Development of Agriculture
3 In which five year plan India opted for mixed economy?
A First
B Second
C Third
D Fourth
View Answer
Answer: Second
4 Jawahar Rojgar Yojna was launched in:
A 5th five year plan
B 6th five year plan
C 8th five year plan
D 7th five year plan
View Answer
Answer: 7th five year plan
5 The LPG Model of Development was introduced by the then Finance Minister
A TT Krishnamachari
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A TT Krishnamachari
B Yashwant Sinha
C Manmohan Singh
D P Chidambaram
View Answer
Answer: Manmohan Singh
6 “Growth with Social Justice and Equity” was the focus of
A Ninth Five Year Plan
B Tenth Five Year Plan
C Seventh Five Year Plan
D None of the above
View Answer
Answer: Ninth Five Year Plan
7 The employment generating programmes like Jawahar Rozgar Yojana was
started in
A Third Five Year Plan
B Fourth Five Year Plan
C Seventh Five Year Plan
D None of these
View Answer
Answer: Seventh Five Year Plan
8 Economic planning is in
A Union list
B State list
C Concurrent list
D Not any specified list
View Answer
Answer: Concurrent list
9 The Planning Commission of India was constituted in the year?
A 1942
B 1947
C 1950
D 1955
View Answer
Answer: 1950
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Answer: 1950
10 The very first five year plan of India was based on the model of:
A Mahalanobis model
B Harrod Domar Model
C All of the above
D7
View Answer
Answer: Harrod Domar Model
11 National Development Council is consists of :
A Members of planning commission
B Governors of the states
C Chief Ministers of the states
D Both a & c
View Answer
Answer: Both a & c
12 Who was the present Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission of India
A Montek Singh Ahluwalia
B K.C. Pant
C Pranab Mukherjee
D Madhu Dandavate
View Answer
Answer: Montek Singh Ahluwalia
13 The First Five-year Plan was launched in which year
A 1950
B 1949
C 1948
D 1951
View Answer
Answer: 1951
14 The very first five year plan of India was based on the model of ___________
A Mahalanobis model
B Harrod Domar Model
C Bombay Plan
D All of the above
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D All of the above
View Answer
Answer: Harrod Domar Model
15 Three annual plan were launched between _____________
A 1969 to 1972
B 1966 to 1969
C 1986 to 1989
D 1988 to 1991
View Answer
Answer: 1966 to 1969
16 Which of the following five year plan given the slogan of Garibi Hatao?
A 4th five year plan
B 5th five year plan
C 6th five year plan
D 7th five year plan
View Answer
Answer: 5th five year plan
17 What was the prime target of the first five year plan of India?
A Development of the industries
B Development of Agriculture
C Development of infrastructure
D Development of ports
View Answer
Answer: Development of Agriculture
18 The Twelfth Five-Year Plan of the Government of India has decided for the
growth rate at ________
A 9.20%
B 7.90%
C 8.20%
D 8.50%
View Answer
Answer: 8.20%
19 Who gives the final approval to the five year plans of India?
A National Development Council (NDC)
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A National Development Council (NDC)
B Ministry of Finance
C Planning Commission (now NITI Aayog)
D President of India
View Answer
Answer: National Development Council (NDC)
20 The First Five-year Plan was launched in which year ?
A 1950
B 1949
C 2009
D 1951
View Answer
Answer: 1951
21. Who gives the final approval to the five-year plans of India?
(a) National Development Council (NDC)
(b) Ministry of Finance
(c) Planning Commission (now NITI Aayog)
(d) President of India
Answer: a
Explanation: National Development Council (NDC) was the final authority
that used to give final approval to the five years plans. The decades-old
Five-Year Plans have been replaced by three-year action plan, which will
be part of a seven-year strategy paper and a 15-year vision document.
22. When was the first five-year plan of India started?
(a) 1949
(b) 1950
(c) 1952
(d) 1951
Answer:d
Explanation: The duration of the first five-year plan was from 1951 to 1956.
This plan was successful and achieved growth rate of 3.6% which was
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This plan was successful and achieved growth rate of 3.6% which was
more than its target.
23. The very first five-year plan of India was based on the model of:
(a) Mahalanobis model
(b) Harrod Domar Model
(c) Bombay Plan
(d) None of these
Answer:b
Explanation: The first five year plan was based on the Harrod-Domar
model which is bsed on the steady state gorwth rate.
24. What as the prime target of the first five-year plan of India?
(a) Development of the industries
(b) Development of Agriculture
(c) Development of infrastructure
(d) Development of ports
Answer:b
Explanation: The main focus of the first five-year plan was the agricultural
development of the country. Agriculture is still the backbone of the Indian
economy in terms of employment generation.
25. Which programme given the slogan of Garibi Hatao?
(a) 7th five-year plan
(b) 3rd five year plan
(c) 6th five year plan
(d) 5th five-year plan
Answer:d
Explanation: Indira Gandhi’s political opponents campaigned on the slogan
“Indira Hatao,“ (Remove Indira). But Indira Gandhi tweaked it and renamed
as “Garibi Hatao,“ (Remove Poverty).
Indira Gandhi ji used the slogan of 'Garibi Hatao Desh Bachavo (meaning
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Indira Gandhi ji used the slogan of 'Garibi Hatao Desh Bachavo (meaning
’Abolish Poverty rescue the country’) in 1971 election. The duration of the
fourth Five Year Plan was from 1969 to 1974. So the correct answer would
be fourth Five Year Plan.
26. In which five-year plan India opted for a mixed economy?
(a) First
(b) Second
(c) Third
(d) Fourth
Answer:b
Explanation: A mixed economy means the co-existence of the government
and the Private sector in an economy.
27. When was the plan holiday declared?
(a) After the third plan
(b) After the fourth plan
(c) After the fifth plan
(d) After the sixth plan
Answer: a
Explanation: The main reason behind the plan holiday was the Indo-
Pakistan war & failure of the third plan. The duration of this plan was from
1966 to 1969. The duration of the third five-year plan was from 1961 to
1966.
28. Jawahar Rojgar Yojna was launched in:
(a) 5th five year plan
(b) 6th five year plan
(c) 8th five year plan
(d) 7th five year plan
Answer:d
Explanation: Jawahar Rozgar Yojna was launched on April 1, 1989. It was
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Explanation: Jawahar Rozgar Yojna was launched on April 1, 1989. It was
launched in the Seventh Five Year Plan.
29. Three annual plan were launched between:
(a) 1969 to 1972
(b) 1966 to 1969
(c) 1986 to 1989
(d) 1988 to 1991
Answer:b
Explanation: The duration of the plan holiday was from 1966 to 1969.
During this plan, annual plans were made.
30. National Development Council is consists of:
(a) Members of the Planning Commission
(b) Governors of the states
(c) Chief Ministers of the states
(d) a & c
Answer:d
Explanation: National Development Council (NDC) is composed of the
members mentioned below:
(i) Prime Minister of India (Chairman of NDC)
(ii) Chief Ministers of all states
(iii) Administrators of all Union Territories
(iv) All cabinet ministers
(v) Members of the Planning Commission
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