Most common sequencing languages

Beginnings Middles Endings

• Initially • Secondly • Finally

• At first • thirdly • Eventually
• To start with • later • In time
• First of all • then • In the end
• Firstly • afterwards • Ultimately
• To begin with • at this point • Lastly
• In the beginning • meanwhile
• next
• after that
• subsequently
• later on
• during this time

[The first stage]

- The first stage is when S + V
- To begin with,
- The process commences with
- Initially,

[The middle stage] [Express purpose]

- This step involves + ing - A is done (so as) to produce B
- After this stage is complete, - A is done in order that B can be
- The next step is when S + V - So that (In order that)
- By this stage,
- The step after this,
- At the same time, / Meanwhile,
- Simultaneously, / Alternatively, [Cause and Result]
- While / As - A result in B
- Once A has finished, B is able to - A lead to B
start - A cause B
- At this point, The diagram shows proposals to transform Foster Road between SE 84th and 85th Avenue
into a tree-lined avenue that is safer for pedestrians and cyclists.
[The last stage] First of all, the planners propose to widen the sidewalk on both sides of the road and add
- Once the final stage has been completed, bicycle lanes. This will mean reducing the number of lanes for cars and other vehicles. A
- Finally, / Eventually, /Ultimately, pedestrian crossing will also be installed at the lower end of the street, near the gas station.
This crossing will include an island in the middle where people can wait in safety.
In addition to the safety measures above, planners also want to plant trees along both sides
of the road. These trees will transform the appearance of the neighbourhood as well as
After a long time After a while In the meantime provide vital extra shade for pedestrians.
At last At the end On the next occasion
At that time Concurrently Prior to To summarise, under these proposals, the needs of local residents will be better served by
At the beginning Following that Sequentially making Foster Road a safer and more pleasant environment.
(152words)
 IELTS Process - Chocolate Production
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The illustrations show how chocolate is produced.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the
main features and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.

The diagram shows various stages in the production process for cocoa powder, from the
tree to the finished confectionery product.

First, the cocoa pods are grown on the plantation, which takes between 8 and 40 years.
When each pod contains 20-50 beans, they are harvested. Next, the fruit is opened up
and the beans are removed. They are then put into wooden containers to ferment for a
few weeks. After that, the beans are spread out on tables and left to dry in the sun for a
week before being sorted to remove any bad ones, and packed into sacks. The cocoa
beans are then loaded onto ships and exported to overseas manufacturers. The
manufacturers clean and grind the beans and then roast them. Subsequently, various
kinds and qualities of cocoa power are combined in the blending process. Ultimately,
the resulting cocoa powder is used in the manufacture of chocolate drinks, cakes, biscuits
The diagram explains the process for the making of chocolate. There are a total of ten
and other confectionary items.
stages in the process, beginning with the growing of the pods on the cacao trees and
culminating in the production of the chocolate.

To begin, the cocoa comes from the cacao tree, which is grown in the South American
and African continents and the country of Indonesia. Once the pods are ripe and red,
they are harvested and the white cocoa beans are removed. Following a period of
fermentation, they are then laid out on a large tray so they can dry under the sun. Next,
they are placed into large sacks and delivered to the factory. They are then roasted
at a temperature of 350 degrees, after which the beans are crushed and separated
from their outer shell. In the final stage, this inner part that is left is pressed and the
chocolate is produced.
(152 Words) Modernized

(Map description – Expressions) Examples:

The government demolished the industrial estate and developed a sports ground.
Describing general changes They removed the shops and replaced it with a skyscraper.
A port was constructed at the edge of the river.
1. Over the period, the area witnessed dramatic changes.
The factory in the city centre was demolished and relocated to the north of the city.
2. From 1995 to 2005, the city centre saw spectacular developments.
The old warehouses were replaced with new hotels.
3. The village changed considerably over the time period.
The factory was converted into apartments.
4. During the 10-year period, the industrial area was totally transformed.
5. Over the past 20 years, the residential area was totally reconstructed.
Trees & Forests
6. Over the time period, the old docks were totally redeveloped.
Cleared
7. Between 1995 and 2005, the old houses were rebuilt.
Cut-down / Chopped-down
8. The central business district was completely modernised during the time period.
Removed
Planted
Examples:
Describing locations
The forest was cut-down and replaced with a shopping centre.

The forest to the south of the river was cut down.

The trees were cleared to make way for houses.
A golf course was constructed to the north of the airport.
Roads, bridges and railways lines
The houses in the south-west of the town were demolished.
Constructed / Built
The green fields to the north-west of the city were redeveloped as a park.
Extended
The airport in the centre of the city was relocated to the north-east of the river.
Expanded
The school to the south-east was knocked down and a new one built to the east of the forest.
Removed
Examples:

Buildings
The main road was extended and a new bridge built over the river.

Demolished / Knocked down / Flattened Leisure facilities- opened, set up, developed.
Replaced / Make way for / Give way to
Leisure facilities
Renovated
Opened
Built / Constructed
Set up
Reconstructed
Developed
Developed
Examples:
Extended
A skate park was set up next to the swimming pool.
Expanded
A park was developed beside the forest.
Converted
 The two maps show the same island while first one is before and the second one is after the
You should spend 20 minutes on this task. construction for tourism.

The two maps below show an island, before and after the construction of Looking first at the one before construction, we can see a huge island with a beach in the
some tourist facilities. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting
west. The total length of the island is approximately 250 meters.
the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and Moving on the second map, we can see that there are lots of buildings on the island. There
make comparisons where relevant. are two areas of accommodation.

Write at least 150 words.

One is in the west near the beach while the other one is in the centre of the island. Between
them, there is a restaurant in the north and a central reception block, which is surrounded
by a vehicle track.

This track also goes down to the pier where people can go sailing in the south sea of the
island. Furthermore, tourists can swim near the beach in the west. A footpath connecting
the western accommodation units also leads to the beach.

Overall, comparing the two maps, there are significant changes after this development. Not
only lots of facilities are built on the island, but also the sea is used for activities. The new
island has become a good place for tourism.
(연습문제 1)

(연습문제 2)
The diagrams below show the changes that has taken place in a village park.
The recycling process of glass bottles