Overview of Fieldbus

 Overview of Fieldbus :
according to IEC 61158-2, "A fieldbus is a all-digital, serial, two-way

communications system that interconnects measurement and control
equipment such as sensors, actuators and controllers in industrial
processes control
 Fieldbus Communication:
 all digital means you have the process value converted in
the field device and then transmitted like this
 serial means you have transmission telegrams one after the

other like this:
 two way gives you the ability for closed control loops on one
bus
 Fieldbus Physical Layer Design Guides :
 Transmission rate of 31.25 kBit/s .
 Total cable (Trunk + Spurs) distance of 1900m maximum .
 Maximum spur length 120 m upto 12 devices .
 Up to 32 devices per segment (Host + 31 field).
 Manchester II coding used to transmit data .
 Data transmission by a ± 9mA modulation signal .
 Minimum working voltage 9 Volts ( Range is 9-32V) and
average current consumption 20mA per device

 Enhancements in Fieldbus Technology:
Entity Concept :
 10.6 V @ 70 mA
 Very Less No. of instruments, very short trunk cable length,
complex proof of intrinsic safety
FISCO Model :
 12.8 V @ 100 mA
 Less No. of instruments, short trunk cable length , simple proof of
intrinsic safety
High Power Trunk Concept :
 28 V @ 500 mA
 Changeover to IS in the field in acc. with FISCO Model
 Concept of Foundation Fieldbus:
Foundation Fieldbus is an all-digital, two-way, multi-drop
communication system that brings the control algorithms into
instrumentation. Foundation Fieldbus is a Local Area Network (LAN)
for Foundation Fieldbus devices including process control sensors,
actuators, and control devices
Foundation Fieldbus has two communication protocols: H1 and HSE.

The first, H1, transmits at 31.25 Kb/s and is used to connect the field
devices. The second protocol, High Speed Ethernet (HSE), uses 10 or
100 Mbps Ethernet as the physical layer and provides a high-speed
backbone for the network.
Fig: Typical FOUNDATION Fieldbus Layout

 Foundation Fieldbus Communication Protocols:
 H1 is an all digital, serial, two-way communication system

running at 31.25 kbit/s which interconnects field equipment
such as sensors, actuator, and controllers. H1 is a Local Area
Network (LAN) for instruments used in both process and
manufacturing automation with built-in capability to distribute
the control application across the network.
 HSE is based on 10/100 Mbps standard Ethernet/IP/TCP/UDP

protocols and supports the same functions as H1, but at a much
higher bandwidth (10/100 Mbps). Its large capacity to move
data, along with the inherent
 Advantages of Foundation Fieldbus:
 Reduced number of wires and marshaling panels,intrinsic
safety barriers, Input/Output cards, power supplies.
 Reduced size of equipment Rooms.
 Remote and diagnostic configuration of devices.
 More information available for operations and maintenance.
 Increased accuracy of measurements.

 Increased up-time and reduced commissioning time.
 Better self-diagnostics and remote diagnostics.
 Fieldbus eliminates proprietary MOV bus.
 No need to change I/O card type when device type is changed
 Foundation Fieldbus integrates gas chromatograph in asset
management software.
 Conventional Instrumentation vs Fieldbus Instrumentation:
4-20mA Technique-
Fieldbus Technique-
 Easier Cabling :
 Limitation of Foundation Fieldbus:
Foundation Fieldbus is not utilized for applications requiring

extremely fast control system response (200mS or below), such as
Anti-surge control, or for applications requiring high signal
bandwidth, such as Machine Condition Monitoring systems.
 Troubleshooting of Fieldbus:
Evaluate the symptoms:
1. The first step when troubleshooting an H1 Fieldbus system, is

to document any recent changes to the system. Have any
devices or parts of the network recently been disconnected?
Was anything added or modified just before the trouble
began?
2. Determine what's working and what's not. Make notes about
observed operation versus what was expected.
3. Where disturbances occur see if they can be traced back to
specific events such as a motor starting, a valve opening, or a
light being turned on.
What to measure:
4. Make measurements to "look into" the network in order to see

and understand what's going on. Carefully document each
measurement, including what was measured and under what
conditions. Some of the most useful measurements for this
include:
o Capacitances and resistances in and between conductors.
o Shield and conductor contacts.
o DC voltages.
o AC signal levels.
o Noise and signal quality.
Where to measure:
5. In some cases the symptoms quickly narrow down the location

of the problem which means you can narrow your
investigation:
o If only one device has a problem, take measurements
near that device.
o If multiple devices have problems, try to determine if
there is a pattern; if there is, determine whether the
cause is evident.
6. In cases where the location of the problem is not as obvious,
try to determine which segments, if any, of the network have
problems and which are problem free:
o Measure at both ends of the trunk cabling and compare
the results.
o Measure at one or more locations along the trunk and
compare the results.
o If modifications have been made or devices added
recently, take measurements at these locations.
Once the tests described here are completed, analyzing the

collected data as a whole should help you draw conclusions about
what is happening on the network and locate the weak spots that
need attention.
 Foundation Fieldbus in LLDPE-1
Plant:
Previously in LLDPE-1 there was MTL based multiplexer

but now MTL based multiplexer is obsolete spares are not
available that is why we went for the upgradation.
Fig: Basic block diagram of FF in LLDPE-1

 Temperature Multiplexer: The Temperature Multi-Input (TM-
I) for DIN rail installation connects up to 8 analog inputs to the
DCS via fieldbus. It is installed in a typically pre-wired field
enclosure close to the sensors in the hazardous area. The TM-I is
certified intrinsically safe and as associated apparatus: inputs are
intrinsically safe even when the fieldbus connection is not.
Analog inputs can be resistance temperature sensors with 2, 3,
and 4 wires, measuring sensors, thermocouples, or millivolt
signals.
The TM-I communicates all data, configuration, and alarms via one
fieldbus address and function blocks (8xAI or 1xMAI) to the DCS.
For simplified configuration it supports the concentrator method:
inputs can be configured all at once or individually. Fieldbus powers
the sensors and the temperature interface itself, additional power or
wiring is not required.

Fig: Temperature Multiplexer
 Barrier:
Fig: Barrier
 Isolator: It works as MCB , isolates the power supply in
case of spurious supply of power.
Fig: Isolator
Fig: Inner view of Junction Box
 Surge Protector: The effects of a lightning strike, even at a
distance of 500 m, endangers electronic/electric equipment. The
main purpose of the surge protection barrier is to limit induced
transient voltage over sensitive electrical equipment and to divert
the surge current safely to a controlled point to earth.
Fig: Surge Protector

 Power Supplies: The fieldbus power supply provides power for the
field devices and enables communication between the field devices
and the control system via one common cable.
The Power Hub consists of a motherboard and individual power

supply modules. Power Hubs are available
as simplex or redundant versions.
Motherboards provide the following selectable attributes:

 Four or eight segments
 Single or redundant power supply modules per segment
 Screw or spring terminals, always with retaining screws
 DCS connections via special connectors or manufactured
custom cables
 Grounding bar for easy connection of shields
Output power per segment is up to 30 V/500 mA. This redundant

power supply features an extremely compact design with low heat
dissipation.
Fig: Power supply/Power Conditioner

Overview of Fieldbus

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 Overview of Fieldbus :

according to IEC 61158-2, "A fieldbus is a all-digital, serial, two-way

 serial means you have transmission telegrams one after the

 Transmission rate of 31.25 kBit/s .

 Total cable (Trunk + Spurs) distance of 1900m maximum .

 Maximum spur length 120 m upto 12 devices .

 Up to 32 devices per segment (Host + 31 field).

 Manchester II coding used to transmit data .

 Data transmission by a ± 9mA modulation signal .

 Minimum working voltage 9 Volts ( Range is 9-32V) and

average current consumption 20mA per device

High Power Trunk Concept :

Foundation Fieldbus has two communication protocols: H1 and HSE.

Fig: Typical FOUNDATION Fieldbus Layout

 H1 is an all digital, serial, two-way communication system

 HSE is based on 10/100 Mbps standard Ethernet/IP/TCP/UDP

 Advantages of Foundation Fieldbus:

 Reduced number of wires and marshaling panels,intrinsic

safety barriers, Input/Output cards, power supplies.

 Reduced size of equipment Rooms.

 Remote and diagnostic configuration of devices.

 More information available for operations and maintenance.

 Increased accuracy of measurements.

 Better self-diagnostics and remote diagnostics.

 Fieldbus eliminates proprietary MOV bus.

 No need to change I/O card type when device type is changed

 Foundation Fieldbus integrates gas chromatograph in asset

 Conventional Instrumentation vs Fieldbus Instrumentation:

Foundation Fieldbus is not utilized for applications requiring

Evaluate the symptoms:

1. The first step when troubleshooting an H1 Fieldbus system, is

4. Make measurements to "look into" the network in order to see

5. In some cases the symptoms quickly narrow down the location

Once the tests described here are completed, analyzing the

Previously in LLDPE-1 there was MTL based multiplexer

available that is why we went for the upgradation.

Fig: Basic block diagram of FF in LLDPE-1

I) for DIN rail installation connects up to 8 analog inputs to the

DCS via fieldbus. It is installed in a typically pre-wired field

enclosure close to the sensors in the hazardous area. The TM-I is

certified intrinsically safe and as associated apparatus: inputs are

intrinsically safe even when the fieldbus connection is not.

Analog inputs can be resistance temperature sensors with 2, 3,

and 4 wires, measuring sensors, thermocouples, or millivolt

fieldbus address and function blocks (8xAI or 1xMAI) to the DCS.

For simplified configuration it supports the concentrator method:

inputs can be configured all at once or individually. Fieldbus powers

the sensors and the temperature interface itself, additional power or

wiring is not required.

Fig: Surge Protector

The Power Hub consists of a motherboard and individual power

Motherboards provide the following selectable attributes:

Output power per segment is up to 30 V/500 mA. This redundant

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