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w17 Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data

This document discusses the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data in Chapter 4 of a research paper. It defines each component and provides guidelines for writing Chapter 4, including how to effectively present data through tables, graphs, and figures. Examples are given of table formatting and the interpretation of data below a table. Keywords for analyzing and interpreting findings are also listed. The purpose is to understand how to systematically organize, examine, and explain the results of a study.

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61 views5 pages

w17 Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data

This document discusses the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data in Chapter 4 of a research paper. It defines each component and provides guidelines for writing Chapter 4, including how to effectively present data through tables, graphs, and figures. Examples are given of table formatting and the interpretation of data below a table. Keywords for analyzing and interpreting findings are also listed. The purpose is to understand how to systematically organize, examine, and explain the results of a study.

Uploaded by

Sweet Potato
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion

CHAPTER IV: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

CHAPTER IV: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF


DATA

At the end of the topic, you will be able to:


1. understand the difference between Presentation, Analysis and
Interpretation in
Chapter 4 of a research paper;
2. effectively present the gathered data through graphs, tables and figures;
and

"Data analysis is the process of bringing order, structure and meaning to the mass of collected
data. It is a messy, ambiguous, time consuming, creative, and fascinating process. It does not
proceed in a linear fashion; it is not neat. Data analysis is a search for answers about
relationships among categories of data."- Marshall and Rossman, 1990:111

Data analysis and interpretation are considered to be one of the important steps in a
research paper. After administering the questionnaires, data gathered are raw in nature then it
is arranged in a certain format or order. This raw data takes the form of the information.

The most critical and essential supporting pillars of the research are the analysis and the
interpretation of the data. With the help of the interpretation, step one was able to achieve a
conclusion from the set of the gathered data. Interpretation has two major aspects namely
establishing continuity in the research through linking the results of a given study with those of
another and the establishment of some relationship with the collected data. Interpretation can
be defined as the device through which the factors, which seem to explain what has been
observed by the researcher in the course of study.

Presentation
 Is the process of organizing data into logical, sequential and meaningful categories and
classifications to make them amenable to study and interpretation.
Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion
CHAPTER IV: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Analysis
 A separation of a whole into its constituent parts (Merriam-Webster, 2012)
 The process of breaking up the whole study into its constituent parts of categories
according to the specific questions under the statement of the problem. (Calderon,
1993)

Interpretation
 This section answers the question, “So what?” in relation to the results of the study.
What do the results of the study mean? This part is, perhaps, the most critical aspect of
the research report.
 It is often the most difficult to write because it is the least structured.

Ways of presenting data:


1. Textual - (statements with numerals or numbers that serve as supplements to tabular
presentation)
2. Tabular - (a systematic arrangement of related idea in which classes of numerical facts or
data are given each row and their subclasses are given each a column in order to present the
relationships of the sets or numerical facts or data in a definite, compact and understandable
form)
3. Graphical – (a chart representing the quantitative variations or changes of variables in
pictorial or diagrammatic form)

Types of Graphs and Charts


1. Bar graphs
2. Linear graphs
3. Pie graphs
4. Pictograms
5. Statistical maps
6. Ratio charts
Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion
CHAPTER IV: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

General Guidelines in Reporting and Writing Data Analysis and Interpretation


1. An introductory paragraph is provided at the start of the chapter
2. Subtitles of sections are based on the questions in the statement of the problem, stated in
declarative form, single-space bold.
3. Table and figure numbers and titles are written in capital lower case at the center, single
spaced. Title should come after the number, arranged in inverted pyramid.
4. Tables and figures should be in continuous numbering. It should be presented first before
discussion. Enclosed tables with double line on top should be used. Graphs should be colored.
5. Discussion should follow the format, presentation of the table, the table itself, analysis and
interpretation, then implications. Related literature and studies may be used to support the
findings.

Keywords used in Analyzing and Interpreting data


1. Table _____ presents the…
2. Table _____ indicates the…
3. As reflected in the table, there was…
4. As observed, there was indeed…
5. Delving deeper into the figures…
6. The illustrative graph above/below shows that…
7. In explaining this result, it can be stated that…
8. Is found to be determinant of…
9. Has significant relationship with…
10. Is discovered to be a factor of…
11. In relation with the result of __________, it may be constructed that…
12. And in viewing in this sense, it can be stated that…
13. The result establishes the fact that…
14. This finding suggests that…
15. With this result, the researcher developed an impression that…
Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion
CHAPTER IV: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Example:

Chapter 4

Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data

This chapter presents, analyzes and interprets the data used in this study to determine the employment

status of PUP-T Graduates Batch 2011-2015.

Table 1.a Frequency distribution of the respondents’ gender/sex

SEX FREQUENCY (N=109) PERCENTAGE

Male 27 24.77%

Female 82 75.23%

TOTAL 109 100.00%

Table 1.a shows the frequency distribution of the respondents’ gender. It illustrates that there are more

female respondents which are 82 or 75.23% than male which are 27 or 24.77%.

Note:
 The interpretation of the data should always be written
below the table with the same label as the table title.
 The interpretation and the table should not be written
on a separate sheet.
Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion
CHAPTER IV: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Reference/s:

Herrera, J. B., Teus, J. I. & Vicente, M. T. (2014). A Tracer Study of the Bachelor in Secondary
Education Graduates of PUP-Taguig Batch 2011-2015. Taguig City

Perez, M. E. (2014, July 24). slideshare.net. Retrieved October 9, 2019, from


https://www.slideshare.net/31mikaella/presentation-analysis-and-interpretation-of-
data

Tiwari, S. (2013). Shodhganga.inflibnet. Retrieved October 9, 2019, from


https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/16098/10/11_chepter%204.pdf

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