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Light Operated Relay

This document describes a light operated relay circuit that uses a light dependent resistor and 555 timer integrated circuit. The circuit can be used for applications like automatically turning lights on at dusk and off at dawn, or triggering an alarm when light is detected. It works by having the light dependent resistor change resistance based on light levels, which then controls the 555 timer and relay to switch power on and off. The circuit provides an adjustable threshold to prevent flickering and allows various components like resistors, capacitors, diodes and a relay to operate the switching automatically based on the light level.

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BARUN SINGH
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119 views19 pages

Light Operated Relay

This document describes a light operated relay circuit that uses a light dependent resistor and 555 timer integrated circuit. The circuit can be used for applications like automatically turning lights on at dusk and off at dawn, or triggering an alarm when light is detected. It works by having the light dependent resistor change resistance based on light levels, which then controls the 555 timer and relay to switch power on and off. The circuit provides an adjustable threshold to prevent flickering and allows various components like resistors, capacitors, diodes and a relay to operate the switching automatically based on the light level.

Uploaded by

BARUN SINGH
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LIGHT OPERATED RELAY

BY
MD ZISHAN AKHTAR (Diploma 2nd Year, Registration No.: D202101962)
MOHAMMAD MASOOM (Diploma 2nd Year, Registration No.: D202101963 )
MD SAHIL KHAN (Diploma 2nd Year, Registration No.: D202101961)
MD SAHIL ALAM (Diploma 2nd Year, Registration No.: D212220156)
ANAND KUMAR (Diploma 2nd Year, Registration No.: D2021019 )
SUBHAM KUMAR PANDEY (Diploma 2nd Year, Registration No.: D192002302)

Under the Supervision of:


Mr. Subinoy Das Choudhary
Dept. of Electrical Engineering
Bengal College of Polytechnic, Durgapur

Dept. of EE, Bengal College of Polytechnic,


Durgapur
ACKNOWLEGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my
Project guide Mr. Subinoy Das Choudhury who gave us a
golden opportunity to do this project and also provided support
in completing in my project .
We would also like to extended my gratitude to our Principal Sir
Mr. Manish Kumar for providing me with all the facilities that
was required .

Dept. of EE, Bengal College of Polytechnic,


Durgapur
● Acknowledgement
● Introduction
● Objective
● Circuit Diagram
● Circuit Explanation
● 555IC Timer
● Relay
● Light Dependent Resistor
● Diodes
● Resistance
● Capacitors
● Advantages
● Disadvantages
● Application
● Dept. of EE, Bengal College of Polytechnic,
Durgapur
•The main principle of this circuit is based on the working of the
LDR Sensor i.e. the Light Dependent Resistor and to switch ON or
OFF the light based on the intensity of illumination the LDR is
subjected to.
•Speaking of the light dependent resistor, it will have a high
resistance in darkness and low resistance in the presence of light.
This property of the LDR is used with a comparator circuit.
• This circuit can be used in security applications like when there
is darkness on the LDR, it stops lighting.
•This can be used in applications where the light is switched on
/off depending on the ambient light
Dept. of EE, Bengal College of Polytechnic,
Durgapur
OBJECTIVE

This kit can operate as a twilight on/off switch or as a light


trigger relay. Operated from 12 volts, this versatile project
triggers a 6-amp relay when the light intensity falls below an
adjustable threshold. Turn lights on around the house when it
goes dark or trigger an alarm when a light is switched on. Kit
supplied with Kwik Kit PCB, relay and all electronic component.
Recommended plug pack - MP3002.

Dept. of EE, Bengal College of Polytechnic,


Durgapur
.

Dept. of EE, Bengal College of Polytechnic,


Durgapur
A light dependent resistor (LDR) Can be used with a
555 timer to form a photo sensitive relay in an intruder alarm system or
for switching on a light at sun set and off at sun rise.

Resistor R1 in fig.1 is so adjusted that under normal conditions when the light
is falling on the photo-cell The voltage across the photo-cell is less than 1/3
VCC. The actual value of R1 will depend on the resistance of the LDR. The
output in this condition high As the day light fades or the light on the LDR is
interrupted by an intruder the voltage across it rises above 2/3 VCC ,tripping
the IC flip-flop The output goes low actuating the relay When the light is
restored the voltage falls below 1/3 VCC, again tripping the flip flop causing
the output go high and the relay drops. The difference of 1/3Vcc between
turning on and turning off voltages prevents relay chatter. This differential can
be reduced by connecting a resistor R2 shown dotted in the figure. Its value is
about one and a half times of the LDR resistance in its illuminated condition.
Dept. of EE, Bengal College of Polytechnic,
Durgapur
The 555 timer IC is an integrated circuit used in a
variety of timer, delay, pulse generation, and
oscillator applications. Derivatives provide two or
four timing circuits in one package. The design was
first marketed in 1972 by SIGNETICS.

Dept. of EE, Bengal College of Polytechnic,


Durgapur
A relay is an electrically operated switch. Current
flowing through the coil of the relay creates a
magnetic field which attracts a lever and changes
the switch contacts. The coil current can be on or off
so relays have two switch positions and they are
double throw (changeover) switches.

Dept. of EE, Bengal College of Polytechnic,


Durgapur
An LDR is photoconductivity, which is nothing but an
optical phenomenon. When the light is absorbed by the
material then the conductivity of the material enhances.
When the light falls on the LDR, then the electrons in the
valence band of the material are eager to the conduction
band.

Dept. of EE, Bengal College of Polytechnic,


Durgapur
A diode is a semiconductor device that essentially acts as a
one-way switch for current. It allows current to flow easily
in one direction, but severely restricts current from flowing
in the opposite direction.

Dept. of EE, Bengal College of Polytechnic,


Durgapur
Electrical resistance is a ratio of the degree
that an object opposes an electric current
through it, measured in Ohms. Its reciprocal
quantity is electrical conductance measured
in siemens. Assuming a uniform current
density.

Dept. of EE, Bengal College of Polytechnic,


Durgapur
A capacitor is a passive electrical component that can
store energy in the electric field between a pair of
conductors (called "plates"). The process of storing
energy in the capacitor is known as "charging", and
involves electric charges of equal magnitude, but
opposite polarity, building up on each plate. A
capacitor's ability to store charge is measured by its
capacitance, in units of farads
Dept. of EE, Bengal College of Polytechnic,
Durgapur
• The unidirectional light, no light diffusing, guarantee the
efficiency of light.

• Light has a unique secondary optical design, lamp light to the


lighting area, further improve the efficiency of the light, in
order to achieve energy saving purpose.

• Light source efficiency is now up to 19-110 1m/W, also has the


very big development is space, and the theoretical value of 250
1m/W
Dept. of EE, Bengal College of Polytechnic,
Durgapur
• Colour rendering index is low, under the light shows the
colour of the incandescent light bulbs, not real, it will come
up from spectral distribution analysis, belong to the
technical problems.

• The light spot. Due to the defect on manufacturing process


to add LIGHT and the matching of the reflective glass or lens
error, easy to ‘yellow’ problem.

Dept. of EE, Bengal College of Polytechnic,


Durgapur
o Domestic Application
o Military application
o Street Light Application
o Industry Application

Dept. of EE, Bengal College of Polytechnic,


Durgapur
By doing this project we have gathered the knowledge of the
555 timer IC, and it’s application. We get the idea of light
dependent resistor and its application in this circuit. The uses
of capacitor, diode, resistor, relay. Here we implemented the
circuit in an innovative way and we able to minimize the cost
for preparing this circuit. The work is totally team work.
By using automatic night lamp we can save the power because
the light are on when it's gets dark otherwise lights are off
there is no power wastage.

Dept. of EE, Bengal College of Polytechnic,


Durgapur
* www.wickipedia.com
* www.automKationdirect.com
* www.kpsec.freeuk.com

Dept. of EE, Bengal College of Polytechnic,


Durgapur

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