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P525/1
CHEMISTRY
Paper 1
Jan./Feb. 2021 S.6
2 ¾ hours.

THE CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT

TEST - 2020

CHEMISTRY

Paper 1
2 hours 45 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS:

Answer all questions in this section A and six questions in section B.

All answers must be written in the spaces provided.
The Periodic Table, with relative atomic masses, is attached at the end of
the paper.
Mathematical tables (3-figure tables) are adequate or non-programmable
scientific electronic calculators may be used.
Illustrate your answers, with equations where applicable.
Where necessary, use the following;
Molar gas constant, R=8.31 JK-1mol-1.
Molar volume of a gas at s.t.p is 22.4 litres.
Standard temperature = 273K.
Standard pressure = 101325Nm-2

For Teachers’ Use Only

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Total

SECTION A (46 MARKS)

 Answer all questions in this section
1. (a) State how in a mass spectrometer ;
(i) positive ions are formed (01 mark)
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(ii) peaks are obtained (01 mark)
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79 81
(b) Bromine has two isotopes Br and Br and the mass spectrum of
m
bromine shows peaks at e of 158, 160 and 162. Write the formula(e)
of the ion(s) corresponding to the peak(s) (1 ½ marks)

m Formula of ion
Peak at z value of
158
160
162
(c)By calculation, deduce which of the isotopes in (b) above is most
abundant if the relative atomic mass of bromine is 79.9. (02 marks)
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2. (a) Methylbenzene reacts with chlorine to form 2-

chloromethylbenzene.
 State the condition for the reaction. (02 marks)
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(b) Under a different condition, the product is phenylchloromethane
instead of 2-chloromethylbenzene.
(i) State the condition for the reaction. (01 mark)
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(ii) Write the accepted mechanism for the reaction. (03 marks)
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3. State the conditions and write equation(s) for the reaction(s) between
hydrogen peroxide and:
(a) iodide ions (02 marks)
Condition
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Equation
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(b) Iron(II) ions. (02 marks)
Condition
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Equation
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(a) Manganate(VII) ions. (02 marks)
Condition
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Equation
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4. The standard enthalpy change of formation of tin(IV) chloride is
−1
−508 kJ mol . The standard enthalpy change of atomization of tin and
chlorine are +301 kJ mol−1 and +121 kJ mol−1respectively.
(a)Use the above to construct a Born-Haber cycle for formation of
tin(IV) chloride. (03 marks)
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(b) Calculate the average bond energy of the Sn−Cl bond. (02 marks)
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5. Name the following complex ions and in each case state the
coordination number and oxidation state of the central metal atom.

(06 marks)
 Oxidatio Coordination
Complex ion Name n state number
+¿ ¿
Ag ( N H ) 3 2

+ ¿¿
Fe ( OH )2 ( H 2 O ) 4

CoCl2−¿¿
4

6. Explain the following observations:

(i) The solubility of lead(II) halides increases in the order:
Pb I 2 > Pb Br 2 > PbCl 2 (03 marks)
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(ii) A 0.01M aqueous solution of sodium chloride has the same freezing
point as a 0.02M aqueous solution of glucose. (02 marks)
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7. Write equations to show how the following conversions can be
effected.
(a) Phenylamine from hydroxybenzene. (2 ½ marks)
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(b) Phenylhydrazine from phenylamine. (02 marks)
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8. Potassium chromate(VI) solution was added to barium chloride solution
followed by dilute nitric acid dropwise until in excess.
(i) State what was observed. (01 mark)
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(ii) Write equation(s) for the reaction(s) that took place.
(03 marks)
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9. The standard electrode potentials for some half cell reactions are
given below:
2+¿ (aq ) +0.15 V ¿
4 +¿ ( aq )+2 e Sn ¿
Sn
2+ ¿(aq)+ 2 H2 O(l)+ 1.46 V ¿

Pb O2( s)+ 4 H +¿(aq)+2 e Pb ¿

(a)Write the overall equation for the cell reaction that occurs when
the half cells are combined. (1 ½
marks)
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(b)(i) Calculate the Gibbs free energy for the cell reaction.
( Faraday ’ s constant=96500 C) (03 marks)
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(ii) State whether the cell reaction is feasible or not and give a reason
for your answer. (01 mark)
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SECTION B: (54 MARKS)

Answer any six questions from this section.

10.(a) State what would be observed and write equation(s) for the
reaction(s) that would take place if:
(i) A mixture of ethanol and propanoic acid containing a few
drops of concentrated sulphuric acid is heated and the hot
contents poured into a beaker of cold water. (2 ½ marks)
Observation
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Equation
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(ii) Dilute sulphuric acid is added to aqueous solution of potassium
manganate(VI) (03 marks)
Observation
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Equation
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(b) Write the mechanism for the reaction in a(i) (3 ½ marks)
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11. Write equations to show how the following conversions can be carried
out. OH
(a) CH =CH 2 C S O3 Na (2 ½ marks)
CH 3
to
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(b) NO 2 to N=N OH (03 marks)

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(c) C H 3 C H 2 C H 2 Br to C H 3 C H 2 CON H 2 (3 ½ marks)

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12.Write equations for the reactions which would take place and in each
case, state what is observed when:
(a) concentrated ammonia solution is added drop wise until in excess to
aqueous solution of cobalt(II) sulphate and the resulting solution
allowed to stand in air. (04 marks)

Observation
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Equation(s)
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(b) excess concentrated hydrochloric acid is added to an aqueous
solution of cobalt(II) sulphate and the resulting solution allowed to
stand in air. (2 ½ marks)

Observation
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Equation
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(c) sodium carbonate solution is added to dropwise to an aqueous
solution of chromium(III) sulphate. (2 ½ marks)

Observation
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Equation
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13.(a) Calcium phosphate is sparingly soluble in water.
Write:
(i) equation for the solubility of calcium phosphate in water.
(1 ½ marks)
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(ii) the expression for the solubility product of calcium phosphate.
( ½ mark)
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(b)The molar conductivities of calcium chloride, sodium phosphate and
sodium chloride at infinite dilution at 25 ℃ are 271.8, 390.3 and 126.5
−1 2 −1
Ω cm mol respectively. Calculate the:
(i) molar conductivity of calcium phosphate at infinite dilution at
25 ℃ . (02 marks)
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 (ii) solubility product of calcium phosphate at 25 ℃.
(Electrolytic conductivity of calcium phosphate is 1.31 ×10−2 Ω−1 cm−1)
(3 ½ marks)
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(c)State what would happen to the solubility of calcium phosphate when
phosphoric(V) acid is added to its saturated solution. Give a reason for
your answer. (1 ½ mark)
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14.(a) Explain why transition elements commonly act as catalysts.
(02 marks)
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(b) In each case write equation for the reaction catalysed by the
following substances.
(i) finely divided iron. (1 ½ mark)
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(ii) vanadium(V) oxide (1 ½ mark)
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(iii) manganese(II) ions (1 ½ mark)
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(c)Explain the action of a positive catalyst. (2 ½ marks)

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15.(a) The table below shows the results for partition of aminoethane
between trichloromethane and 0.1M copper(II) sulphate solution
[ CH 3 NH 2 ]0.1 M CuSO 4
0.88 1.10 1.34 1.58 1.80
[ CH 3 NH 2 ]CH Cl
3
0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06
(i) Plot a graph of [ CH 3 NH 2 ]0.1M CuSO against [ CH 3 NH 2 ]CH Cl .
4 3

(03 marks)
(ii) Determine the number of moles of aminomethane that form a
complex with copper(II) ion. (01 mark)
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(iii) Write equation for the reaction between copper(II) ions and
aminomethane . (02 marks)
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(b) 60 cm3 of an aqueous solution containing 0.3g of compound Y was
extracted with two successive 15 cm 3 of ether. Calculate the mass of Y
that was extracted by the ether. (The partition coefficient between
ether and water is 5) (03 marks)
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16.30cm3 of a gaseous hydrocarbon Z was exploded with 200cm 3 of
oxygen, which was in excess. The residual gas volume was found to be
155cm3 on cooling to room temperature. The volume of the residual gas
reduced to 35cm3 on treatment with concentrated potassium
hydroxide solution.
(a)(i) Write the general equation for the reaction between Z and
oxygen. (1 ½ marks)
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(ii) Calculate the molecular formula of Z. (2 ½ marks)
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(b)When Z was treated with ammoniacal copper(I) chloride solution, a
red precipitate was formed.
(i) Identify Z. (01 mark)
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(ii) Write equation for the formation of the red precipitate . (1 ½ mark)
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(c)Z was reacted with water in the presence of dilute sulphuric acid
and mercury(II) sulphate at 60℃ . Write equation for the reaction
and the accepted mechanism. (2 ½ marks)
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17.(a) State the:
(i) common oxidation states of manganese. (1 ½ marks)
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(ii) most stable oxidation state of manganese. ( ½ mark)
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(iii) reason for your answer in a(ii). ( ½ mark)
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(b)Write a half equation for the reduction of the permanganate ion in:
(i) acidic medium (01 mark)
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(ii) alkaline medium (01 mark)
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(c)An acidified solution of potassium iodide was added to a solution of
potassium permanganate.
 (i) State what was observed. (01 mark)
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(ii) Write the ionic equation for the reaction that took place.
(1 ½ marks)
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(d)State:
(i) two advantages of using potassium permanganate as a reagent
in volumetric analysis. (01 mark)
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(ii) two reasons why potassium permanganate is not a primary
standard. (01 mark)
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