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Safety Measures in The Laboratory (Notes)

(1) Personal protective equipment like goggles, lab coats and gloves must be worn in the laboratory to protect students from hazards. Safety showers and eyewash stations are used to immediately wash body parts or eyes that come into contact with chemicals. (2) Waste can be divided into substances that can and cannot be disposed of in sinks. Low concentration, non-hazardous substances like weak acids can be disposed of in sinks, while solid waste, substances with extreme pH, toxins, and volatile chemicals cannot due to environmental pollution risks. (3) There are four main types of fire extinguishers classified by medium used - water, foam, dry chemical powder, and carbon dioxide gas.

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49 views4 pages

Safety Measures in The Laboratory (Notes)

(1) Personal protective equipment like goggles, lab coats and gloves must be worn in the laboratory to protect students from hazards. Safety showers and eyewash stations are used to immediately wash body parts or eyes that come into contact with chemicals. (2) Waste can be divided into substances that can and cannot be disposed of in sinks. Low concentration, non-hazardous substances like weak acids can be disposed of in sinks, while solid waste, substances with extreme pH, toxins, and volatile chemicals cannot due to environmental pollution risks. (3) There are four main types of fire extinguishers classified by medium used - water, foam, dry chemical powder, and carbon dioxide gas.

Uploaded by

LEE LING SZE Moe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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(1) Safety Measures in the Laboratory

1.1 Personal Protective Equipment

Personal Protective Equipment on a Student and Their Functions

1. Personal protective equipment is needed to protect the wearer from danger.

2. Safety shower – immediately clean and rinse the parts of the body or
clothing that have come into contact with chemical substances.
3. Eyewash station – immediately rinse and wash the eye that has come into
contact with chemical substances.
4. Fume chamber – to carry out experiments that use substances which are
volatile, flammable, poisonous, corrosive or pungent.
Formative Practice 1.1

1. Give three examples of personal protective equipment that must be


worn in the
laboratory.
Googles, face mask, lab coat, gloves, closed shoes.
2. Hariz's eye was accidentally splashed with dilute sulphuric acid.
What action
does Hariz need to take ?
Rinse his eyes with plenty of water and report to the teacher.
Personal Protective Equipment in the Laboratory 3. Tick (/) for the right action.
1. Laminar flow cabinet – to avoid contamination when microbiological
activities are carried out.

1
1.2 Disposal of Waste

Waste that Can be Disposed of into Sinks and Waste that Cannot be Disposed
of into Sinks

1. Waste substances can be divided into two types:


(i) substances that can be disposed of into sinks
(ii) substances that cannot be disposed of into sinks
2. Substances that can be disposed of into sinks are substances that have low
concentration and are non-hazardous such as neutral substances, weak acids and
weak alkalis.
3.Examples of substances that cannot be disposed of into sinks are:
• solid waste
• substances with pH value lower than 5 and more than 9 Steps to Handle Accidents in the Laboratory
• organic solvent compounds
• chemical substances (acid, grease, oil, oil paint,hydrogen peroxide) Accidents can happen in the laboratory because of carelessness, negligence,
• toxic substances events beyond expectation or lack of skills or knowledge in carrying out a
• heavy metals science experiment.
• organic waste substances (microbes, carcasses)
• radioactive waste
• volatile substances
• reactive substances

These substances can pollute the environment and are hazardous to living
things.

4. The Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for the disposal of biological


waste products is the procedure that is used for the purpose of managing
biological waste substances in a laboratory.

1. Mercury poisoning happens when someone touches it or it absorbs through


the skin in certain quantities. Mercury can attack the nervous system, digestive
2
tract, reproductive system and kidneys. 1.3 Fire Extinguishers

1. A fire extinguisher is a device that is used to control or extinguish fire. There


are four types of fire extinguishers that are commonly used. Fire extinguishers
are classified based on their medium.

Formative Practice 1.2

1. Asri wants to dispose of concentrated hydrochloric acid with a pH


value of
3 into a sink, but he is stopped by Selvi. Is Selvi's action correct?
Why?
Yes, because concentrated hydrochloric acid with a pH value of 3
will cause danger.

2. Tick (/) for the substances that can be disposed of into a sink.

3.Explain briefly the disposal of carcasses.


The carcasses need to be wrapped in an absorbent material(tissue
paper), carefully wrapped in a biohazard plastic bag and frozen.
The container or bag needs to be stored in a cold temperature
such as in the refrigerator or a freezer room until it is taken by
the selected contractor.

4.What should be done if a thermometer breaks in the laboratory ?


(i) Inform the teacher or the laboratory assistant
immediately.
(ii) Make the spillage area a restricted zone
(iii) Sprinkle some sulphur powder onto the spillage
(iv) Call the Fire Department

3
Formative Practice 1.3
1.State four types of fire extinguishers.
2. What is the function of a fire blanket? Explain how it can save victims of
small fires.
3. Arrange the correct sequence in using a fire extinguisher.

How to Use Fire Extinguisher

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