A

Mini Project – IV(6th semester)Report

 
On
 

"SCREW ROD"
 
Submitted to
Mrs. Shubhrata Nagpal
 
BHILAI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DURG (C.G.) (Autonomous
Institute)
 
in Partial fulfillment for the award of degree
 
of
 
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN
 
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
 
By
 
 
HARSHAL MESHRAM
 
KESHAV RAJ
Under the Guidance of
 
Mrs. Shubhrata Nagpal,Professor
 
  
 
 
A
Mini Project – IV(5th semester)Report
 
On
 

" Pipe Vice Assembly "

 
Submitted to
 
Mrs. Shubhrata Nagpal
 
BHILAI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DURG (C.G.) (Autonomous
Institute) in Partial fulfillment for the award of degree
 
of
 
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
 
IN
 
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
 
By
 
 
HARSHAL MESHRAM
 
KESHAV RAJ
 
 
 
Mrs. Shubhrata Nagpal Mr. Abul h.Teepu
Project Coordinator Project Guide
 
Head of Department
(Mechanical Engineering)
 
 Acknowledgement
 
 
Acknowledgement is the most beautiful page in any project’s final pages. More
than a formality this appear to us the best opportunity to express my gratitude.
 
Our list can never begin without you dear GOD. Next on our list are teachers, lab
attendant , Librarian who really showered constructive suggestion without which
this project would not have been in present form . Finally, we must say thanks to
our family for allowing us to do these project.
 
Thank you very much for all that you have done
 
 
 
 
 

 
HARSHAL MESHRAM
 
KESHAV RAJ
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 DISCRIPTION OF SCREW ROD
 
A threaded rod(screw rod) , also known as a stud, is a relatively long rod that is
threaded on both ends; the thread may extend along the complete length of the rod.
They are designed to be used in tension .Threaded rod in bar stock form is often
called all-thread. With respect to shape, stud bolts a.k.a. studs are categorized into
three basic types: "fully threaded stud bolts", "tap-end stud bolts", and "double-end
stud bolts". Each of these studs have different application. As name suggests, fully
threaded studs have full body coverage with threads for full engagement of the
matings nuts or similar parts. Tap-end studs have threads at extreme ends of the
body with unequal thread engagement length, while double-end stud bolts have
equal thread length at both ends. Apart from these, there are stud bolts for flanges,
which are fully threaded studs with chamfered ends, and double-end studs with
reduced shank for special bolting applications. For studs that are not completely
threaded, there are two types of studs: full-bodied studs, and undercut studs. Full-
bodied studs have a shank equal to the major diameter of the thread. Undercut
studs have a shank equal to the pitch diameter of the screw thread. Undercut studs
are designed to better distribute axial stresses. In a full-bodied stud the stresses are
greater in the threads than in the shank. Undercut studs (rolled thread) are also
stronger because the metal is "rolled" up to the major diameter, not removed. This
preserves the gra of the steel grain, and in some cases even enhances it. Full-
bodied studs (cut thread) are weaker because metal is removed to create the thread,
disturbing the grain of the steel. Undercut studs are only required in applications
where the stud is exposed to fatigue. Cut threads are entirely suitable for many
applications, even when rolled threads might be slightly stronger. Mass produced
fasteners (standard bolts and studs) are usually rolled, but jobbed parts with custom
features and small lot sizes are likely to be cut
APPLICATION OF ASSEMBLY-
 
This assembly use to hold pipe and tubes secure . the range of diameter of pipe to
hold as small as 3mm , and as large as 200 mm . This is also use for mobile tripod
stand , they stand use for project that take place outside of a work shop .

working principal of assembly

pipe vice is used to hold the pipe and create the grip in
pipe .Pipe vice is tightened by the vice handle and provides the clamping force .
the chain’s ability to warp tightly around the pipe instead of simply contacting two
sides makes circumference of the pipe it possible to grip the entire, clamping
surface of the vice .

 
 MESHING PROCESS -
 
 
Geometry
Author :HarshalMeshram
Subject:Geometry of I-section (Fixed beam condition)
Date: Saturday, April 15, 2023
Comments:

 
 
 

 
Mesh
Author: HarshalMeshram
Subject:Mesh of I-section (fixed beam condition)
Date: Saturday, April 15, 2023
Comments:

 
 
 
 
 
Static Structural
Author:HarshalMeshram
Subject:Static structural of I-section (fixed beam condition)
Date: Saturday, April 15, 2023
Comments:

 
 
 
 
Directional Deformation
Author: HarshalMeshram
Subject:Directional Deformation of I-section(Fixed beam condition)
Date: Saturday, April 15, 2023
Comments:
Maximum Principal Stress
Author: HarshalMeshram
Subject:Maximum Principal Stress (Fixed beam condition)
Date: Saturday, April 15, 2023
Comments:

 
Geometry
Author :HarshalMeshram
Subject: Bend pipe
Date: Saturday, April 15, 2023
Comments:

 
 
 
Velocity streamline
Author:HarshalMeshram
Subject:Velocity streamline
Date: Saturday, April 15, 2023
Comments:
Literature review on “RACK & PINION”
Siva Sankar Vempati1 , Alla Sri Sai Reddy1 , Dr. Munish Mehta1 School of Mechanical
Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India

 
ABSTRACT
Rack and pinion mechanisms are widely used in various
applications, ranging from automotive steering systems to
industrial machinery and robotics. This research paper provides a
comprehensive overview of the principles, applications, and
advancements of rack and pinion mechanisms. The paper discusses
the basic principles of rack and pinion, including the conversion of
rotational motion to linear motion and the mechanical advantage of
the system. It further highlights the key applications of rack and
pinion, including automotive steering systems, linear motion
systems, robotics, and industrial machinery. The advancements in
rack and pinion technology, such as material innovations, precision
manufacturing, and design optimization, are also discussed. The
research paper aims to provide a valuable resource for engineers,
 researchers, and practitioners interested in understanding the
fundamental principles, practical applications, and recent
advancements of rack and pinion mechanism.
 
 

INTRODUCTION
 
Rack and pinion is a mechanical mechanism that is widely used in
various applications, ranging from steering systems in automobiles to
linear motion systems in machinery and robotics. It consists of a gear,
known as the pinion, which engages with a linear toothed bar, called the
rack. When the pinion rotates, it translates the rotational motion into
linear motion along the rack, allowing for precise and efficient
mechanical motion. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive
overview of the principles, applications, and advancements of rack and
pinion mechanisms.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principles of Rack and Pinion:
The basic principle of rack and pinion mechanism involves the
conversion of rotational motion to linear motion. The pinion, which is
typically a small gear with teeth, meshes with the rack, which is a linear
toothed bar. When the pinion rotates, the teeth on the pinion engage with
the teeth on the rack, causing the rack to move linearly. The direction
and distance of the linear motion depend on the direction and magnitude
of the rotational motion of the pinion.
 
The mechanical advantage of a rack and pinion system is determined by
the pitch of the rack, which is the distance between consecutive teeth,
and the number of teeth on the pinion. A larger pitch or more teeth on
the pinion result in a higher mechanical advantage, providing greater
force amplification or speed reduction depending on the application.
 
Applications of Rack and Pinion:
 
Rack and pinion mechanisms are commonly used in various applications
due to their versatility, efficiency, and accuracy. Some of the key
applications of rack and pinion mechanisms include:
 
Automotive Steering Systems: Rack and pinion is a widely used
mechanism in the steering systems of automobiles. It allows for precise
and smooth steering control, converting the rotational motion of the
steering wheel into linear motion that turns the wheels.
 
Linear Motion Systems: Rack and pinion mechanisms are used in
linear motion systems, such as linear actuators and CNC machines, to
convert rotary motion of motors into linear motion of tool heads or
workpieces. They provide accurate and repeatable linear motion, making
them ideal for applications that require high precision and reliability.
 
Robotics: Rack and pinion mechanisms are employed in robotic
systems for various tasks, such as gripping, lifting, and positioning.
They enable precise and controlled motion in robots, enhancing their
capabilities in manufacturing, assembly, and automation processes.
 
Industrial Machinery: Rack and pinion mechanisms are used in
various industrial machinery, such as printing presses, packaging
machines, and material handling equipment. They provide reliable and
efficient linear motion for moving components, conveying materials,
and performing other mechanical tasks.
 
Advancements in Rack and Pinion Technology:
  
Over the years, rack and pinion technology has seen advancements in
materials, design, and manufacturing processes, leading to improved
performance and expanded applications. Some of the notable
advancements in rack and pinion technology include:
 
Material Innovations: Advancements in materials, such as high-
strength steels, composite materials, and advanced polymers, have led to
rack and pinion systems with increased load capacity, durability, and
reduced weight. These advancements have expanded the range of
applications where rack and pinion mechanisms can be used, including
in lightweight and high-stress environments.
 
Precision Manufacturing: Advancements in manufacturing
processes, such as CNC machining, gear grinding, and honing, have
improved the precision and quality of rack and pinion systems. This has
resulted in increased accuracy, reduced backlash, and improved
reliability, making rack and pinion mechanisms suitable for high-
precision applications in industries like aerospace, defense, and medical.
 
Design Optimization: Computer-aided design (CAD) and finite
element analysis (FEA) tools.
 

CONCLUSION
 
In conclusion, rack and pinion mechanisms are essential mechanical
systems that find widespread applications in various industries due to
their versatility, efficiency, and precision. The principles of rack and
pinion, involving the conversion of rotational motion to linear motion
and the mechanical advantage, form the foundation of their
functionality. Rack and pinion mechanisms are used in applications such
as automotive steering systems, linear motion systems, robotics, and
industrial machinery, where accurate and controlled motion is critical
 
The advancements in rack and pinion technology, including material
innovations, precision manufacturing, and design optimization, have
resulted in improved performance, increased load capacity, and
enhanced reliability of rack and pinion systems. These advancements
have expanded the range of applications where rack and pinion
mechanisms can be utilized, including in high-precision and demanding
environments.
 
As technology continues to evolve, it is expected that further
advancements in rack and pinion mechanisms will continue to emerge,
leading to more efficient, accurate, and reliable systems. Researchers,
engineers, and practitioners in the field of mechanical engineering and
related disciplines can benefit from the comprehensive overview
provided in this research paper, to gain insights into the fundamental
principles, practical applications, and recent advancements of rack and
pinion mechanisms. Rack and pinion mechanisms will continue to be an
important mechanical solution for translating rotational motion into
linear motion in various applications, contributing to the advancement of
engineering and technology.