Screw Rod: Mrs. Shubhrata Nagpal

A
Mini Project – IV(6th semester)Report
On
"SCREW ROD"
Submitted to
Mrs. Shubhrata Nagpal

BHILAI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DURG (C.G.) (Autonomous
Institute)
in Partial fulfillment for the award of degree
of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
By
HARSHAL MESHRAM
KESHAV RAJ
Under the Guidance of
Mrs. Shubhrata Nagpal,Professor
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

BHILAI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DURG (C.G.) 491001
A
Mini Project – IV(5th semester)Report
On
" Pipe Vice Assembly "

Submitted to
Mrs. Shubhrata Nagpal
BHILAI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DURG (C.G.) (Autonomous

Institute) in Partial fulfillment for the award of degree
of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
By
HARSHAL MESHRAM
KESHAV RAJ
Mrs. Shubhrata Nagpal Mr. Abul h.Teepu

Project Coordinator Project Guide
Head of Department
(Mechanical Engineering)
Acknowledgement
Acknowledgement is the most beautiful page in any project’s final pages. More
than a formality this appear to us the best opportunity to express my gratitude.
Our list can never begin without you dear GOD. Next on our list are teachers, lab
attendant , Librarian who really showered constructive suggestion without which
this project would not have been in present form . Finally, we must say thanks to
our family for allowing us to do these project.
Thank you very much for all that you have done
HARSHAL MESHRAM
KESHAV RAJ
DISCRIPTION OF SCREW ROD
A threaded rod(screw rod) , also known as a stud, is a relatively long rod that is
threaded on both ends; the thread may extend along the complete length of the
rod. They are designed to be used in tension .Threaded rod in bar stock form is
often called all-thread. With respect to shape, stud bolts a.k.a. studs are categorized
into three basic types: "fully threaded stud bolts", "tap-end stud bolts", and
"double-end stud bolts". Each of these studs have different application. As name
suggests, fully threaded studs have full body coverage with threads for full
engagement of the matings nuts or similar parts. Tap-end studs have threads at
extreme ends of the body with unequal thread engagement length, while double-
end stud bolts have equal thread length at both ends. Apart from these, there are
stud bolts for flanges, which are fully threaded studs with chamfered ends, and
double-end studs with reduced shank for special bolting applications. For studs that
are not completely threaded, there are two types of studs: full-bodied studs, and
undercut studs. Full-bodied studs have a shank equal to the major diameter of the
thread. Undercut studs have a shank equal to the pitch diameter of the screw
thread. Undercut studs are designed to better distribute axial stresses. In a full-
bodied stud the stresses are greater in the threads than in the shank. Undercut
studs (rolled thread) are also stronger because the metal is "rolled" up to the major
diameter, not removed. This preserves the gra of the steel grain, and in some cases
even enhances it. Full-bodied studs (cut thread) are weaker because metal is
removed to create the thread, disturbing the grain of the steel. Undercut studs are
only required in applications where the stud is exposed to fatigue. Cut threads are
entirely suitable for many applications, even when rolled threads might be slightly
stronger. Mass produced fasteners (standard bolts and studs) are usually rolled, but
jobbed parts with custom features and small lot sizes are likely to be cut
APPLICATION OF ASSEMBLY-
This assembly use to hold pipe and tubes secure . the range of diameter of pipe to
hold as small as 3mm , and as large as 200 mm . This is also use for mobile tripod
stand , they stand use for project that take place outside of a work shop .
working principal of assembly

pipe vice is used to hold the pipe and create the grip in pipe .Pipe vice is
tightened by the vice handle and provides the clamping force . the chain’s ability to
warp tightly around the pipe instead of simply contacting two sides makes
circumference of the pipe it possible to grip the entire, clamping surface of the vice
.
MESHING PROCESS -
Geometry
Author :HarshalMeshram
Subject:Geometry of I-section (Fixed beam condition)
Date: Saturday, April 15, 2023
Comments:
Mesh
Author: HarshalMeshram
Subject:Mesh of I-section (fixed beam condition)
Comments:
Static Structural
Author:HarshalMeshram
Subject:Static structural of I-section (fixed beam condition)
Comments:
Directional Deformation
Subject:Directional Deformation of I-section(Fixed beam condition)
Comments:
Maximum Principal Stress
Subject:Maximum Principal Stress (Fixed beam condition)
Comments:
Geometry
Author :HarshalMeshram
Subject: Bend pipe
Comments:
Velocity streamline
Author:HarshalMeshram
Subject:Velocity streamline
Comments:
Literature review on “RACK & PINION”
ABSTRACT
Rack and pinion mechanisms are widely used in various
applications, ranging from automotive steering systems to
industrial machinery and robotics. This research paper provides a
comprehensive overview of the principles, applications, and
advancements of rack and pinion mechanisms. The paper
discusses the basic principles of rack and pinion, including the
conversion of rotational motion to linear motion and the
mechanical advantage of the system. It further highlights the key
applications of rack and pinion, including automotive steering
systems, linear motion systems, robotics, and industrial
machinery. The advancements in rack and pinion technology, such
as material innovations, precision manufacturing, and design
optimization, are also discussed. The research paper aims to
provide a valuable resource for engineers, researchers, and
practitioners interested in understanding the fundamental
principles, practical applications, and recent advancements of rack
and pinion mechanism.
INTRODUCTION
Rack and pinion is a mechanical mechanism that is widely used in

various applications, ranging from steering systems in automobiles to
linear motion systems in machinery and robotics. It consists of a gear,
known as the pinion, which engages with a linear toothed bar, called the
rack. When the pinion rotates, it translates the rotational motion into
linear motion along the rack, allowing for precise and efficient
mechanical motion. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive
overview of the principles, applications, and advancements of rack and
pinion mechanisms.
Principles of Rack and Pinion:
The basic principle of rack and pinion mechanism involves the

conversion of rotational motion to linear motion. The pinion, which is
typically a small gear with teeth, meshes with the rack, which is a linear
toothed bar. When the pinion rotates, the teeth on the pinion engage
with the teeth on the rack, causing the rack to move linearly. The
direction and distance of the linear motion depend on the direction and
magnitude of the rotational motion of the pinion.
The mechanical advantage of a rack and pinion system is determined by
the pitch of the rack, which is the distance between consecutive teeth,
and the number of teeth on the pinion. A larger pitch or more teeth on
the pinion result in a higher mechanical advantage, providing greater
force amplification or speed reduction depending on the application.
Applications of Rack and Pinion:
Rack and pinion mechanisms are commonly used in various applications

due to their versatility, efficiency, and accuracy. Some of the key
applications of rack and pinion mechanisms include:
Automotive Steering Systems: Rack and pinion is a widely used

mechanism in the steering systems of automobiles. It allows for precise
and smooth steering control, converting the rotational motion of the
steering wheel into linear motion that turns the wheels.
Linear Motion Systems: Rack and pinion mechanisms are used in

linear motion systems, such as linear actuators and CNC machines, to
convert rotary motion of motors into linear motion of tool heads or
workpieces. They provide accurate and repeatable linear motion,
making them ideal for applications that require high precision and
reliability.
Robotics: Rack and pinion mechanisms are employed in robotic
systems for various tasks, such as gripping, lifting, and positioning. They
enable precise and controlled motion in robots, enhancing their
capabilities in manufacturing, assembly, and automation processes.
Industrial Machinery: Rack and pinion mechanisms are used in

various industrial machinery, such as printing presses, packaging
machines, and material handling equipment. They provide reliable and
efficient linear motion for moving components, conveying materials,
and performing other mechanical tasks.
Advancements in Rack and Pinion Technology:
Over the years, rack and pinion technology has seen advancements in
materials, design, and manufacturing processes, leading to improved
performance and expanded applications. Some of the notable
advancements in rack and pinion technology include:
Material Innovations: Advancements in materials, such as high-

strength steels, composite materials, and advanced polymers, have led
to rack and pinion systems with increased load capacity, durability, and
reduced weight. These advancements have expanded the range of
applications where rack and pinion mechanisms can be used, including
in lightweight and high-stress environments.
Precision Manufacturing: Advancements in manufacturing processes,

such as CNC machining, gear grinding, and honing, have improved the
precision and quality of rack and pinion systems. This has resulted in
increased accuracy, reduced backlash, and improved reliability, making
rack and pinion mechanisms suitable for high-precision applications in
industries like aerospace, defense, and medical.
Design Optimization: Computer-aided design (CAD) and finite

element analysis (FEA) tools.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, rack and pinion mechanisms are essential mechanical

systems that find widespread applications in various industries due to
their versatility, efficiency, and precision. The principles of rack and
pinion, involving the conversion of rotational motion to linear motion
and the mechanical advantage, form the foundation of their
functionality. Rack and pinion mechanisms are used in applications such
as automotive steering systems, linear motion systems, robotics, and
industrial machinery, where accurate and controlled motion is critical
The advancements in rack and pinion technology, including material
innovations, precision manufacturing, and design optimization, have
resulted in improved performance, increased load capacity, and
enhanced reliability of rack and pinion systems. These advancements
have expanded the range of applications where rack and pinion
mechanisms can be utilized, including in high-precision and demanding
environments.
As technology continues to evolve, it is expected that further

advancements in rack and pinion mechanisms will continue to emerge,
leading to more efficient, accurate, and reliable systems. Researchers,
engineers, and practitioners in the field of mechanical engineering and
related disciplines can benefit from the comprehensive overview
provided in this research paper, to gain insights into the fundamental
principles, practical applications, and recent advancements of rack and
pinion mechanisms. Rack and pinion mechanisms will continue to be an
important mechanical solution for translating rotational motion into
linear motion in various applications, contributing to the advancement
of engineering and technology.

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A

Mini Project – IV(6th semester)Report

Mrs. Shubhrata Nagpal

in Partial fulfillment for the award of degree

Under the Guidance of

Mrs. Shubhrata Nagpal,Professor

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

" Pipe Vice Assembly "

Mrs. Shubhrata Nagpal

BHILAI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DURG (C.G.) (Autonomous

Mrs. Shubhrata Nagpal Mr. Abul h.Teepu

working principal of assembly

Rack and pinion is a mechanical mechanism that is widely used in

The basic principle of rack and pinion mechanism involves the

Applications of Rack and Pinion:

Rack and pinion mechanisms are commonly used in various applications

Automotive Steering Systems: Rack and pinion is a widely used

Linear Motion Systems: Rack and pinion mechanisms are used in

Industrial Machinery: Rack and pinion mechanisms are used in

Advancements in Rack and Pinion Technology:

Material Innovations: Advancements in materials, such as high-

Precision Manufacturing: Advancements in manufacturing processes,

Design Optimization: Computer-aided design (CAD) and finite

In conclusion, rack and pinion mechanisms are essential mechanical

As technology continues to evolve, it is expected that further

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