ASSEMBLING AND COUPLING OF A 2.

5KVA PURE
SINE WAVE INVERTER

BY

AKHIGBE OSAMHEN SAMUEL F/ND/18/3430036

ORERE CHARLES ODIRIN F/ND/18/3430037

AJEMOTOBI EMMANUEL AYOMIDE F/ND/18/3430038

MATTHEW ANDIONG INEMESIT F/ND/18/3430039

A PROJECT REPORT PRESENTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF INDSUTRIAL

MAINTENAMCE ENGINEEERING IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENT OF THE AWARD OF NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN INDUSTRIAL
MAINTENACE ENGINEERING.
YABA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, LAGOS

AUGUST 2021.

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 CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that this project titled “Assemble of a 2.5kVA Pure Sine Wave Inverter” was carried out
by Akhigbe osamhen Samuel, Orere Charles Odirin,Ajemotobi Emmanuel Ayomide andMatthew
Andiong Inemesitof the department of Industrial Maintenance Engineering, School of Engineering, Yaba
College of Technology under supervision.

______________________ ______________________
`
Eng. Nwosu E.U Date
(Supervisor)

______________________ ______________________
`
Eng.(Mrs) Shopade Date
(Co-Supervisor)

______________________ ________________________
Eng. Alao S.A Date
Hod

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 DEDICATION
This project work is dedicated to Almighty God, the Alpha and Omega, the creator of

heaven and earth and to all our well-wishers who God use to meet our numerous needs,

ranging from financial to every other need during our academic program.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Our profound gratitude goes to the Almighty God, the creator of heaven andearth for

giving us the necessary courage to understand and overcome

thevagueronouracademicpursuit.

We sincerely appreciate the support and advice of our supervisor Engr. Nwosu E.Uand

Co Supervisor Engr.(Mrs) Shopade

whosesupervisorytechnicaladviceandguidancehavecontributedtothe

successfulimplementationofthis project and its write up

We also express our sincere appreciation to our entire families, colleagues, lecturers, and

all well-wishers for their financial support, spiritual, moral contribution and

backingsfortheircourageandsupport towardthesuccessofour academiccareer.

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 ABSTRACT

This is the report on the assembling and coupling of a 2.5kva pure sine wave inverter.
 TABLEOFCONTENTS

TitlePage i

Certification ii
Dedication iii
acknowledgement iv
Abstract v

CHAPTERONE
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Aims and Objective 2
1.2 DefinitionofTerms 3
1.3 Problem statement 4

CHAPTERTWO
2.0 Literature Review 5
2.1 Background 5
2.2 Types of inverter

CHAPTERTHREE

3.0 Methodology 19
3.1 List of components 20
3.2 Description of the components 21
CHAPTERFOUR

4.0 ConstructionandTesting 22

4.1 Testing 23

CHAPTERFIVE

5.0 ConclusionandRecommendation 24

5.1 Conclusion 25

5.2 Problems Encountered 25

5.3 Recommendation 25

References 26
 CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Electricity power system is one of the economic infrastructural facilities that are indispensable to a
nation’s economic development. The efficiency of the supply of electricity will not only influence
returns on investment on existing enterprises, it also plays a major role in the creation of an
economic environment which influences decisions on potential investment.
The electricity which is the main source of power for our domestic consumption, industrial
development, center of learning and medical centers should really be rehabilitated into
enhancement of productivity.
However power failure has resulted in people buying generators for their own daily activity. Other
businesses are also not functioning due to absence of constant power supply. These are the reasons
that necessitate the designing and construction of inverter and other standby system that can
deliver maximum output power to the load. As society grows from simple to complex, mankind
began to spread all over the earth and so it becomes necessary to enjoy power using an inverter.
Statistics have shown that the number of business that have been closed simply because of power
problem cannot be over emphasized, so mankind need inverter seriously in other to restore
technology development, businesses, communications, learning centers and medical centers.
However, the background of the study lies within the reason why the construction of inverter
should be forwarded and factor that enhance inverter marketability.
Recent large prices increase of fossil fuels in addition to the fact that their reserves are of finite
existence such that mankind reliance on them is only for a few more decades has led to the
research on alternative energy source which would replace fossil fuel (which currently is the
bedrock of power generation). Which brings us to the importance of generating power on the sides
to compliment the power supply.
Finally, the success of this study will be beneficial to the society at large. Mass production of
inverters will lead to improve standard of living of the populace and the nation will move forward
in its pursuit of technological development.
1.0 AIMS

 The aim of this project is to assemble an couple a 2.5kva pure sine wave inverter

1.1 OBJECTIVES

 To test the pre-assembled component

 To couple the assemble component together

 To test the coupled inverter

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 PROBLEM STATEMENT

As a result of continuous power failure and fluctuation in power supply by the power
Distribution Company, sensitive appliances and system are affected by interrupted power
supply and also considering the relationship between the standard of living and the energy
usage, the situation is worse year by year. And again the processes to convert the fossil
fuels are expensive and deeply hazardous for our environment.

Due to the important nature and the need for individuals to produce and use power outside
that from the grid. This project will be timely as it provides a backup and reliable power
supply of 2.5kva to power sensitive equipment.

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 CHAPTERTWO

LITERATUREREVIEW

2.0 History of inverters

From the late nineteenth century through the middle of the twentieth century, DC-to-AC power
conversion was accomplished using rotary converters or motor-generator sets (M-G sets). In the early
twentieth century, vacuum tubes and gas-filled tubes began to be used as switches in inverter circuits. The
most widely used type of tube was the thyratron.

The origins of electromechanical inverters explain the source of the term inverter. Early AC-to-DC
converters used an induction or synchronous AC motor direct-connected to a generator (dynamo) so that
the generator's commutator reversed its connections at exactly the right moments to produce DC. A later
development is the synchronous converter, in which the motor and generator windings are combined into
one armature, with slip rings at one end and a commutator at the other and only one field frame. The
result with either is AC-in, DC-out. With an M-G set, the DC can be considered to be separately
generated from the AC, with a synchronous converter, in a certain sense it can be considered to be
"mechanically rectified AC". Given the right auxiliary and control equipment, an M-G set or rotary
converter can be "run backwards", converting DC to AC. Hence an inverter is an inverted converter.

2.1 WHAT AN INVERTER ?

An inverter converts the DC electricity from sources such as batteries or fuel cells to AC electricity. The
electricity can be at any required voltage; in particular it can operate AC equipment designed for mains
operation, or rectified to produce DC at any desired voltage.

2.2 CLASSIFICATION OF INVERTERS

Inverters are classified according to their output waveforms and they can be classifeid into 3 common
types:
1. Square Wave
2. The Pure sine wave

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 3. The Modified sine wave

The Square sine wave:

This is one of the simplest waveforms an inverter design can produce and is best suited to low-sensitivity
applications such as lightning and heating. Square Wave output can produce “humming” when connected
to audio equipments and it is generally unsuitable for sensitive electronics.

Figure 3 : Square wave

The Pure Sine wave

The electrical circuit of a pure sin wave inverter is far more complex than a square wave or modified sine
wave inverter. Another way to obtain a sine output is to obtain square wave output from a square wave
inverter and then modify this output to achieve a pure sine wave. A pure sine wave inverter has several
advantages more than the other two forms
 More efficiency, hence consumes less power
 They can be adjusted according to your personal power requirements
 The output of a pure sine wave inverter is very reliable
 They are the best option for sensitive equipments

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Figure 4:Pure sine wave

The Modified sine wave:

The construction of this type of inverter is a bit more complex than a simple square wave inverter
but still it is a lot simpler than a pure sine wave inverter. A modified sine wave shows some
pauses before the phase shifting of the wave, i.e. unlike a square it does not shift its phase
abruptly from positive to negative, or unlike a sine wave, does not make a smooth transition
from positive to negative, but takes brief pauses and then shifts its phase.

Figure 5Modified sine wave

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.

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 METHODOLOGY

3.1 LIST OF COMPONENTS

The internal components of the pure sine wave inverter are as follow:\
 The driver board
 The transformer
 Power board
 Heat sink
 Fuse
 Fan
The external components are as follows:
 Case
 Plug/socket for DC input
 Output for AC output
 Switch
 Circuit breaker
 Battery
  Liquid-crystal display (LCD)

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3.2 DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS

 POWER BOARD (MOSFET)

This is a type of power amplifier that accepts a low-power input from a controller IC and
produces a high current drive input for the gate of a high power transistor such as an
insulated gate Bipolar Transistor or power MOSFET.

 THE TRANSFORMER

The transformer is used to step up or step down the electrical voltage.

 Heat sink
Like any electronic device A pure sine wave inverter generates heat when used. The heat
sinks helps disperse excess heat to prevent the inverter from over heating and
malfunctioning. The inverter are also equipped with exhaust fan to aid the heat sink in
reducing internal temperature.
 Fuse:The fuse is placed inside the inverter to provide protection incase there is an excess
flow of input current.
 Fan: an apparatus with rotating blades that creates a current of air for cooling, and proper
ventilation of the inverter.
External components of the inverter
 Case: the case is what houses and protects the internal components of the inverter

 Plug/socket for input: this is wheer the cable that will be connected to a DC power source
are attached.
 Outlet for AC output: this is the place you plug in an electrical appliance or power tool
you want to use with the inverter.
 Switch: switch is what turns the inverter on and off.

 Circuit Breaker: the circuit breaker is an electrical components that protects the inverter
circuit which automatically disconnect when the power coming into the circuit is
overloaded.
 Battery: a container consisting of one or more cells, in which chemical energy is converted
into electricity (D.C) and used as a source of power.

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   Liquid-crystal display (LCD): A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or
other electronically modulated optical device that uses the light-modulating properties of
liquid crystals combined with polarizers. Liquid crystals do not emit light directly, instead
using a backlight or reflector to produce images in color or monochrome. They help In
proper monitoring of the inverter

3.3 Block diagram of an inverter system

LCD

DRIVER RELAY
BOARD

OUTPUTER LOAD
POWER
BATTERY TRANSFORM
BOARD

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF AN INVERTER UNIT

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3.3 The interior block diagram of the inverter

DRIVER
BOARD

FAN FAN
POWER
BOARD

CIRCUIT
BREAKER

OUTPUT TRANSFORMER INPUT

/
OUTPUT

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3.3 The front cover block diagram of the inverter

L.C.D

SWITCH

LOCK

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3.5 PICTURES OF THE PRE-ASSEMBLED PURE SINE WAVE INVERTER

Figure 3.5a Picture of the POWER BOARD (MOSFET)

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 Figure 3.5b Picture of the Driver board containing all components

Figure 3.5c Picture of the fan

 Figure 3.5d Picture of the liquid-crystal display (LCD)

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Figure 3.5e Picture of the housing

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3.5f The interior of the inverter

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3.5g The left side view of the inverter

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3.5h The right side view

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 CHAPTER FOUR

TESTING

4.0 TESTING
The physical realization of the project is very vital. This is where the fantasy of the whole idea
meets reality. The designer sets his/her work not just on paper but also as a finished hardware.
After carrying out all the design and analysis, the project was implemented and tested to ensure its
working ability, and was finally constructed to meet desired specification. The process of testing
and implementation involve the use of some test and measuring equipment stated below:
 BENCH POWER SUPPLY: this was used to supply voltage to the various stages of the
circuit during the breadboard test before soldering. Also during the soldering of the
project, the power supply was used to test various stages before they were finally
soldered.
 DIGITAL MULTIMETER: This basically measures voltage, resistance, continuity,
current frequency and temperature. The process of implementation of the design on the
board required the measurement of parameter like voltage, continuity, current resistance
values of component and in some cases frequency measurements. The digital millimeter
was used to check frequency of the oscillator stage also for the general trouble shootings
of the project construction.

CHAPTER FIVE

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 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.0 CONCLUSION
This project which is the assembling of 2.5KVA sine wave inverter was designed considering
some factors such as economic, available components and research materials, efficiency
portability and durability. The performance of the project after test met design specifications.
The general operation and performance of the project is independent on the user who is prone to
human error such as overloading the system, making wrong battery connection or using the wrong
battery voltage. However, in this project a low DC voltage cut off and a low DC voltageSensor
have been incorporated to protect against over voltage and indicate respectively, low DC voltage
supply.
The construction was done in such a way that maintenance and repairs are made easy tasks and
affordable for the consumer in case of any symptom of fault or system breakdown. This
experience has widened our scope of knowledge in practical electronics.
BILL OF ENGINEERING MEASUREMENT ESTIMATION
S/N PARTICULAR RATE AMOUNT
1. Power board 50Hz PIC SG3526 25,000
2. MOSFET Board 150W 25,000
3. Casing Aluminum 15,000
4. Circuit Breaker 60amps 3000
5. Connecting Wires AWG4 4000
6. Transformer 1.5kVa Given by our
supervisor
7. Battery 12V(60mah) 40,000
8. Transport and expenses 3,000
Total 115,000

s
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5.2 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED
The MOSFETs are overheating. Heat sink was used to reduce the heat.Noise was produce in the
charger control circuit. A 104nf filter capacitor was put at the output of the regulator ICs to
minimize the noise. It was difficult getting some of the component off the shelf.

Availability of funds – funds is needed in a financing a project at some stages where there is no
funds to finance the project, causing delay at some point.

Material cost – The materials used in making this project are quite expensive

5.3 RECOMMENDATION
Among all type of inverter, pure sine wave inverters is the best types of inverters that one should
try to have because pure sine wave is easy to maintain the best quality due to least number of
harmonic present in it. The need for continuous supply of electricity is high agenda in any great
meeting such as political meeting and conferences. As the demand of power is high in developing
nations and there is pressure on states to produce more for industrial development as well as home
appli cations and pure sine wave inverter is the next top notch of all. Above all in a situation in
Nigeria whereby power supply is another problem, this devices is a must have for stability
ofpower supply.

REFERENCES
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ABS Alaskan. (2006): DC to AC Power Inverters.

Retrieved from http://www.absak.com/basic/inverters.html.

(1979): ―Micro Electronics‖ Published by Mc Gram-Hill

Book Company.

Metha V.K. (2003): ―Principles of Electronics‖ Published by S. Chand

and Company Ltd.

Robert L. Boyestad and Louis Nashelsky (2002): ―Electronics

Device and Circuit Theory‖ (Eighth Edition) Published by

Prentice Hall.

RJ. Maddock and MD Calcutt (1994): ―Electronics A Course for

Engineers‖ Published by Longman Page 341-349.

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