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Shapes and Measurement

1) Two dimensional shapes have length and width but no thickness, while three dimensional shapes have length, width, and height. Common two dimensional shapes include squares, rectangles, triangles, and circles, while common three dimensional shapes include cubes, spheres, cones, and cylinders. 2) A square has four equal sides and four right angles. A triangle has three sides and three angles. A cube has six square faces, twelve edges, and eight vertices. 3) Measurement of two dimensional shapes involves measuring length and width, while three dimensional shapes are measured by their length, width, and height. The cross section of a cylinder is a circle.

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190 views9 pages

Shapes and Measurement

1) Two dimensional shapes have length and width but no thickness, while three dimensional shapes have length, width, and height. Common two dimensional shapes include squares, rectangles, triangles, and circles, while common three dimensional shapes include cubes, spheres, cones, and cylinders. 2) A square has four equal sides and four right angles. A triangle has three sides and three angles. A cube has six square faces, twelve edges, and eight vertices. 3) Measurement of two dimensional shapes involves measuring length and width, while three dimensional shapes are measured by their length, width, and height. The cross section of a cylinder is a circle.

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TOPIC 2 .

Shapes and Measurement

Section 1. Two and Three Dimensional Shapes,

1. Two dimensional shape


Straight or curved lines make up the sides of this shape. The figures can have any
number of sides. In general, plane figures made of lines are known as polygons. For
example, triangle and square are polygons. is also known as plane shape that only
has length and width, it doesn’t have thikness. It can be measured in only two faces.
( a point is a zero-dimension and a line is one dimension , we only can measure its
length).

The two dimensional shapes can be classified into the basis of the dimensions they
have, example: a circle, triangle, square, rectangle etc

Look at the following figures. They are all two dimensional shapes

2. Three dimensional shape (3D) or solid shape is a solid figure that has length,
width, and height, unlike two dimensional shape, it has thickness and depth,
example: cube, sphere, cone, cylinder etc.
These are three dimensional shapes:
Section 2. Description

1. Two dimensional shapes

Square:

Square has four sides and four angles . All the angles are right anlges. It has
two pair of parallel sides and equal. The rectangle, parallelogram and rhombus
have also four equal angles and four sides but not all equal.

Triangle
Triangle has three sides and three angles. All the sides and angles are equal.
It is called equilateral triangle . Each angle has 600 , it is acute angle because
it is less than 900 .
Below are different types of triangles

2. Three dimensional shapes

Unlike two dimensional shapes, three dimensional shapes have length, width ,
height and faces, depth. They have inside and outside seperated by a surface.
How many sides or faces does a cuboid have ?
In 3D shapes, we know the terms of polyhedrons, which are based on polygons,
and solids with curves, such as cylinders, cones etc.
Polyhedron has straight edges, flat sides or faces, corners or vertices.
Polyhedrons are often defined by the number of edges, faces and vertices they
have as well as whether their faces are all the same shapes and sizes. It can be
concave or convex.
The most familiar and basic polyhedrons is the cube. It is a regular polyhedron
tha has 6 square faces, 12 edges and 8 vertices.

Regular Polyhedrons (Platonic Solids)


The five regular solids are a special class of polyhedrons, all of whose faces
are identical with each face being a regular polygon. The platonic solids are:

• Tetrahedron with four equilateral triangle faces.


• Cube with six square faces.
• Octahedron with eight equilateral triangle faces.
• Dodecahedron with twelve pentagon faces.
• Icosahedron with twenty equilateral triangle faces.

See the diagram below for an illustration of each of these regular polyhedrons.

A prism is any polyhedron that has two matching ends and flat sides. If you cut a
prism anywhere along its length, parallel to an end, its cross-section is the same - you
would end up with two prisms. The sides of a prism are parallelograms - four-sided
shapes with two pairs of sides with equal length.

Antiprisms are similar to regular prisms, their ends match. However the sides of anti-
prisms are made up of triangles and not parallelograms. Antiprisms can become very
complex.
What is a Pyramid?
A pyramid is a polyhedron with a polygon base that connects to an apex (top point)
with straight sides.

Although we tend to think of pyramids with a square base, like the ones that the ancient
Egyptians built, they can in fact have any polygon base, regular or irregular.
Furthermore, a pyramid can have an apex in the direct centre of its base, a Right
Pyramid, or can have the apex off centre when it's an Oblique Pyramid.
What shape is a cross section of a cylinder ?

In geometry it is the shape made when a solid is cut through by a plane.

Example:
➢ The cross section (shape made when you cut through) of this
circular cylinder is a circle.
➢ The cross section of a rectangular pyramid is a rectangle
Section 3. Measurement

1. Two dimensional shapes


As it has been mentioned above, a two dimensiona;l shape has length and width, it
doesn’t have thikness. It can be measured in only two faces.

Example in the following picture is a square. It has a length of 15 cm and a height of


15 cm. Another one is a circle.

2. A cube is a three dimensional shape that has a length of 15 cm, a height 15 cm and a
width of 15 cm.
Section 4. Exercises:

1. Practice asking the following shapes . begin like this:


• What is two dimensional shapes ?
• How do we recognize three dimensional ? etc

2. Choose two and trhee dimensional shapes, then describe.


3. What do cross section and vertical section mean ?
4. What shape is a verrtical section of a sphere ?
5. Give the measurement of these pictures and describe with your friend
6. Find other object then explain it completely

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