Trabajo 3

Trabajo 3
1)Traducir al español el siguiente texto y elaborar un resumen del mismo. La

traducción y el resumen deben estar escritos a mano. Valor: 5%
Newton v/s Leibniz, the Great Calculus Controversy

Isaac Newton is the most monumental scientist of all time. His works on motion,
gravitation, and optics are what laid the foundations of classical mechanics. The
modern quantum theory and modern physics, in general, are all based on
Newton’s preliminary works. Sir Isaac Newton invented calculus for there was no
mathematics at the time to describe his physics of gravity. His first works on
Calculus came out in the year 1666. Newton’s works on calculus were developed
from the work of his own teacher Isaac Barrow.
Newton published his works on calculus in the year 1686 in his book Principia
Mathematica which is considered to be the most important book in the entire
history of science. The second would be Darwin’s On the Origin of Species.
Anyway, Newton’s works revolutionized the course of physics and mathematics
forever.
The controversy started through the works of Gottfried von Leibniz. I consider
Leibniz a polymath because he was absolutely brilliant from a young age. He had
taught himself Latin at the age of 8 and when he got bored he taught himself
Greek. In 1662, at just the age of 14, the man had completed his Bachelor’s
degree in philosophy. At the age of 16, he completed his master’s degree in
philosophy. After one year of studying law, in 1665, he was also awarded a
bachelor’s degree in law studies.
At the age of 19, the man published his first book titled De Arte Combinatoria which
was an extended version of his doctoral thesis on philosophy. Leibniz, during those
years, wasn’t much interested in mathematics. His focus was entirely on law,
philosophy, and theistic studies. In fact, in his book he has provided proof for the
existence of God in terms of argument from motion. For those of y’all who do not
know, it was Leibniz who coined the terms abscissa, ordinate, and coordinate.
Leibniz started to take a significant interest in the field of mathematics after the age
of 25. In 1675, he had his mathematical developments of integral and differential
calculus all ready as manuscripts in his notebooks. It was in the same year when
for the first time he used the integration method to find the area under the graph of
a function. It was not until 1684 that Leibniz published any of his mathematical
works calculus. Leibniz invented and used several notations and symbols in his
works which are still used today. The integration symbol ∫, as an extended S, was
invented and used by Leibniz in his works. He is also credited for writing d as the
symbol of differentiation which is derived from the Latin word differentia. While
Leibniz’s symbols of differential and integral calculus are used today, Newton’s
symbols couldn’t survive the test of time.
Many rules, laws, and theorems in integral and differential calculus are named after
Leibniz including the Leibniz integral rule and Leibniz law (also famously known as
the product rule of differentiation). He claimed that he invented calculus on the
grounds of works done by Blaise Pascal. Leibniz also invented his own form of
multi-functional calculator which could do some fundamental operations of
mathematics. Leibniz is also credited for inventing the symbols dy and dx for
denoting infinitesimally small differences between values of x and y. As a matter of
fact, it was Leibniz who used the terms integral calculus and differential calculus.
Leibniz published his works two years before Newton did and in his paper, he
introduced several significant concepts including the power rule, the product rule,
the quotient rule, the fundamental theorems of integral calculus, etc.
Both Newton and Leibniz had arrived at pretty much the same mathematical
grounds, the actual controversy was: who actually invented it? Newton was a
Lucasian professor of mathematics at Cambridge University and his supporters
would often claim and accuse Leibniz of stealing Newton’s works claiming that he
observed Newton’s papers. This started a heated argument between the two
geniuses and their supporters. Leibniz was absolutely disgraced by Newton’s
accusations of plagiarism. While Leibniz reportedly admitted that he was shown
Newton’s work, the research of historians shows that his approach to developing
the mathematical foundations of calculus was different than that of Newton’s and
Leibniz has explained that in his papers. Despite that fact, Leibniz had to put up
with Newton’s vicious attacks.
On the other side, it also wouldn’t have been possible that Newton plagiarized
Leibniz’s works because Newton had developed the foundational works for
calculus by mid-1665 which he called the theory of ‘fluxions’. During that time
Leibniz was in his late teens and had no documented or published works in
mathematics. It wouldn’t be wrong to say that Leibniz at that time had no interest in
mathematics. Nevertheless, in his 1696 book about calculus,
mathematician L’Hôpital mentions the subject from Leibniz’s perspective while also
referencing Newton’s works. The dispute came to an end after Leibniz’s death in
1716.
Now several historians have concluded that the men developed calculus
independently and the dispute was quite pointless. Nevertheless, the dispute
remains the topic of discussion today and it’s quite fascinating to think sometimes,
that even some greatest minds in the history of science and mathematics can have
ugly fights.
2) Ejercicio. Valor: 10%
Hallar el dominio de la función definida en los reales dada por la fórmula
2𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 9
𝑓 (𝑥 ) =
√√𝑥 2 − 4 − √81 − 𝑥 2
Realizando todos los pasos con Derive o GeoGebra

En el desarrollo del ejercicio deben ir todos los pasos para llegar a la respuesta
final indicando cada vez que es lo que se está realizando.

Trabajo 3

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Trabajo 3

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Trabajo 3

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Trabajo 3

1)Traducir al español el siguiente texto y elaborar un resumen del mismo. La

Newton v/s Leibniz, the Great Calculus Controversy

Realizando todos los pasos con Derive o GeoGebra

You might also like