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Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 3:
Proves Theorems Related to
Chords, Arcs, Central Angles
and Inscribed Angles
(M10GE-IIc-d-1)
Mathematics – Grade 10
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 2 – Module 3: Proving Theorems related to Chords, Arcs, Central Angles and
Inscribed Angles
First Edition, 2020

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Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies
and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated
for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by- step as you discover and
understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-test are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you
need to proceed on completing this module, or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s
assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the
post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that
you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teachers are also provided to the facilitators
and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate
sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. Read the instructions carefully before performing
each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do
not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the concepts and skills in proving theorems related to chords, arcs, central angles
and inscribed angles (M10GE-IIc-d-1). The scope of this module permits it to be used
in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.
 The module focuses on proving the validity of theorems related to chords, arcs,
central angles and inscribed angles.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. prove theorems involving chords, arcs, central angles and
inscribed angles.

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 What I Know

Let us check your background knowledge about theorems related to chords,

arcs, central angles and inscribed angles by answering the questions below. Choose
the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following states the Perpendicular Bisector Theorem?

A. In a circle, a radius perpendicular to a chord bisects the chord.
B. In a circle, a radius that intersects the chord bisects the chord.
C. In a circle, a radius perpendicular to a chord bisects the arc.
D. In a circle, a radius that intersects the chord bisects the arc.
2. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Radii of the different circles are congruent.
B. All right angles are similar.
C. The bisector of segment forms two congruent segments.
D. Corresponding parts of similar triangles are congruent.
3. What property of congruence does line segment CD show if CD  CD ?
A. Distributive Property C. Reflexive Property
B. Symmetric Property D. Transitive Property
4. What property of equality is used when combining like terms in an
equation?
A. Addition Property C. Commutative Property
B. Multiplication Property D. Inverse Property
5. Which of the following statements is TRUE about right angles?
A. Right angles are closed-figure.
B. All right angles are similar.
C. A right angle has an exact measure of 90 .
D. Corresponding parts of right angles are congruent.
6. Which of the following states the Congruent Chords Theorem?
A. In a circle, congruent chords have congruent arcs.
B. In a circle, congruent chords have congruent sectors.
C. In a circle, congruent chords have similar arcs .
D. In a circle, congruent chords have similar sectors.
7. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Radii of the similar circles are congruent.
B. Two points determine a line.
C. In a circle, congruent central angles have different arcs
D. Corresponding parts of similar triangles are the same.
8. What property of equality is showed in this statement “If a=b and b=c, then
a=c”?
A. Distributive Property C. Reflexive Property
B. Symmetric Property D. Transitive Property
9. What property of equality is used when using the reciprocal to finally solve
for the value of the unknown variable in an equation?
A. Addition Property C. Commutative Property
B. Multiplication Property D. Inverse Property

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10. Which of the following statements is TRUE about central angles?
A. Right angles are central angles
B. All central angles are congruent.
C. A central angle has an exact measure of 180 .
D. The measure of a central angle is equal to the measure of its
intercepted arc.
11. Which of the following states the Inscribed Angle Theorem?
A. The measure of an inscribed angle is equal the measure of its
intercepted arc.
B. The measure of an inscribed angle is twice the measure of its
intercepted arc.
C. The measure of an inscribed angle is half the measure of its
intercepted arc.
D. The measure of an inscribed angle is one-fourth the measure of its
intercepted arc.
12. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Radii of the same circle are congruent.
B. The base angles of an isosceles triangle are supplementary.
C. The measure of a central angle is two times the measure of its
intercepted arc.
D. The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the
product of the measures of its remote interior angles
13. What is NOT used in proving theorems using the two-column proof?
A. Definition C. Property
B. Postulate D. Example
14. What is a term referred to as “one organize way to show a proof with two
columns, the statements and the reasons.”
A. One-Column Proof D. Four-Column Proof
B. Two-Column Proof
C. Three-Column Proof
15. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Arc is a portion of the circumference of the circle.
B. Diameter is a line segment joining any two points on the circle.
C. Central angle is an angle whose vertex is on a circle and whose
sides contain the chords of the circle.
D. Inscribed angle is an angle whose vertex is the center of the circle
and with two radii as its sides.

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 Lesson Proving Theorems Related
3 to Chords, Arcs, Central
Angles and Inscribed Angles
You have derived inductively the relations among chords, arcs, central angles
and inscribed angles. Now, it’s time for you to investigate deeper by proving theorems
related to these concepts.

What’s In

In your previous grade level, you have learned about the basic ideas about
two-column proofs which are relevant to a better understanding of the validity of
theorems specifically about chords, arcs, central angles and inscribed angles. Let’s
reconsider.

What is the difference?

 A postulate is a statement that is accepted to be true without proof.
For example, a line contains at least two points.

 A theorem is a true statement that can be proven.

For example, if two lines intersect, then they intersect in exactly one point.

How to prove?
 There are different ways to prove the validity of statements.
One way is by writing formal arguments of mathematics statements.

Are you familiar with two-column proof?

 A two-column proof is one common way to organize a proof in Geometry.
It always has two columns, the statements and the reasons.

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 Questions to Ponder:

 What is the basis in writing a theorem?

 Why do we need to prove statements?

 Is two-column proof also applicable in other branches of Mathematics?

What’s New

This module focuses on the Proving Theorems related to Chords, Arcs, Central
Angles and Inscribed Angles. Read the problem below and answer the questions that
follow.
Activity: Prove the theorems below using the two-column proof.

1. If: CE  AB in circle C

Then: CE bisects AB
AD  DB

Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3.

4. 4.

5. 5.

6. 6.

7. 7.

8. 8.

9. 9.

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 2. If: BE  CD

Then: arc AB  arc CD

Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3

4. 4

5. 5

6. 6

3. If: BAC is inscribed in circle O

and BA is a diameter
x
1
Then: mBAC  m arc BC
2

Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.
6. 6.
7. 7.
8. 8.
9. 9.
10. 10.
11. 11.

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 What is It

Below are important terminologies, notations and symbols that you must learn and
remember in proving theorems related to chords, arcs, central angles and inscribed
angles.

Study the concepts below and consider the examples that follow.
Chords and Arcs
A chord is a line segment joining any two points on the circle.
In the figure at the right, AB is a chord.

On the other hand, An arc is a portion of the circumference

of the circle. In the figure at the right, is an arc.

One common theorem related to chord is known as Perpendicular Bisector

Theorem. It says that “In a circle, a radius perpendicular to a chord bisects the chord.”

To prove this theorem, we can use the two-column proof.

If: CE  AB in circle C

Then: CE bisects AB
AD  DB

Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. In circle C , CE  AB 1. Given

2. CA  CB 2. Radii of the same circle are congruen

3. CDA, CDB are right angles 3. Definition of Perpendicular Lines

4. CDA, CDB are right triangles 4. Definition of Right Angles

5. CDA  CDB 5. Right angles are congruent
6. CD  CD 6. Reflexive Property
7. CDA  CDB 7. Hypotenuse Leg (HyL) Theorem
8. AD  DB 8. Corresponding Parts of Congruent
Triangles are Congruent (CPCTC)
9. CE bisects AB 9. Bisector of segment forms two
congruent segments

 A radius perpendicular to a chord bisects the chord in a circle.

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 Another common theorem related to arc is known as Congruent Chords
Theorem. It says that “In a circle, or congruent circles, congruent chords have
congruent arcs.”

To prove this theorem, we can use again the two-column proof.

If: BE  CD

Then: arc AB  arc CD

Proof:
Statements Reasons
10. AB  CD 2. Given
11. Draw AB, AC , AD, AE 2. Two points determine a line
12. AB  AC  AD  AE 3. Radii of the same circle are congrue
13. BAE  CAD 4. Side-Side-Side (SSS) Congruence
14. BAE  CAD 5. CPCTC
15. arc AB  arc CD 6. In a circle, congruent central angles
have congruent arcs

 Congruent chords have congruent arcs in a circle.

Central Angles and Inscribed Angles

A central angle is an angle whose vertex is the center of
the circle and with two radii as its sides. In the figure at
the right, COB is a central angle.

An inscribed angle is an angle whose vertex is on a circle

and whose sides contain the chords of the circle. In the figure at
the right, CAB is an inscribed angle.

One common theorem related to arc is known as Inscribed Angle Theorem. It says
that “The measure of an inscribed angle is half the measure of its intercepted arc.”

To prove this theorem, we can use again the two-column proof.

If: BAC is inscribed in circle O

and BA is a diameter
x
1
Then: mBAC  m arc BC
2

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 Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. BAC is inscribed in circle O and 1. Given
BA is a diameter
2. CO  AO 2. Radii of the same circle are congrue
3. COA is an isosceles triangle 3. Definition of Isosceles Triangle
4. BAC  ACO 4. The base angles of an isosceles
triangle are congruent
5. mBAC  mACO 5. The measures of congruent angles a
equal
6. mACO  x 6. Transitive Property
7. mBOC  2x 7. The measure of an exterior angle of
triangle is equal to the sum of the
measures of its remote interior angles
8. mBOC  m arc BC 8. The measure of a central angle is
equal to the measure of its intercepted
arc.
9. m arc BC  2x 9. Transitive Property

10. m arc BC  2mBAC 10. Substitution

11. mBAC  1 11. Multiplication Property of Equality
m arc BC
2 (MPE)

 The measure of an inscribed angle is half the measure of its intercepted arc

Concept Meaning
Arc It is a portion of the circumference of the circle.
Central Angle It is an angle whose vertex is the center of the circle
and with two radii as its sides.
Chord It a line segment joining any two points on the circle.
It is represented by  which means same shape and
Congruent
size.
Inscribed Angle It is an angle whose vertex is on a circle and whose sides
contain the chords of the circle.
It is a section of the circumference of the circle that lies
Intercepted Arc
between two lines that intersect it.

What’s More
Let us try to answer more challenging set of problems and activities about
proving theorems related to chords, arcs, central angles and inscribed angles.

Solve the given problem using two-column proof.

Problem: To prove that in a circle, a diameter bisects a chord and an arc with the
same endpoints if and only if it is perpendicular to the chord.
Given: ES is a diameter of circle U and perpendicular to chord GN at I .

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To solve the problem, you need to show these:

1. NI  GI
2. m arcEN  m arcEG
3. m arcNS  m arcGS S

Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. Circle U with diameter ES and 1. Given

chord GN ; ES  GN
2. 2. Definition of Perpendicular Lines

3. GIU  NIU 3.

4. UG  UN 4. Radii of the same circle are congruent

5. UI  UI 5.

6. 6. HyL Theorem

7. GI  NI 7.

8. ES bisects GN 8.

16. 9. CPCTC
17. GUI and GUE are the same 10. E, I, U are collinear
angles; NUI and NUE are the
same angles
18. mGUE  mNUE 11.
19. m arcEG  mGUE 12. The measure of a central angle is equal

m arcEN  mNUE to the measure of its intercepted arc.

20. m arcEN  m arcEG 13. Substitution

21. mGUS  mNUS 14. Angles that are supplementary to
congruent angles are congruent
22. m arcGS  mGUS 15. The measure of a central angle is equal
m arcNS  mNUS to the measure of its intercepted arc.

23. m arcNS  m arcGS 16. Substitution

24. ES bisects m arcGN 17. Definition of Arc Bisector

 A diameter bisects a chord and an arc with the same endpoints if and only if it is
perpendicular to the chord.

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Good job! Get ready for another learning battle ahead.

What I Have Learned

Here is an activity that lets you apply what you learned proving theorems
related to chords, arcs, central angles and inscribed angles. Just complete the table
below by filling in the blanks with correct answer.

Solve the given problem using two-column proof.

Given:

In circle O , AB  BC

Prove:

AOB  COB

Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. In circle O , AB  BC 1.

2. OA  OC 2.

3. OB  OB 3.

4. AOB  COB 4.

Nice work! Now you’re up for the final challenge of this module.

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 What I Can Do

Here is another activity that lets you apply what you learned about proving
theorems related to chords, arcs, central angles and inscribed angles.

Prove the validity of the given theorem using two-column proof.

Theorem:
In a circle, or congruent circles, congruent chords are equidistant from the center.

If: BG  DC

Then: AF  AE

Proof:

Statements Reasons
1. 1. Given
2. Draw AB, AG, AD, AC 2. Two points determine a line
3. 3. Shortest distance from a point to a
line is the perpendicular distance
4. BFA, GFA, DEA, CEA are right 4. Definition of Perpendicular Lines
angles
5. 5. Radii of the same circle are congruent
6. DAC  GAB 6. SSS Congruence
7. B  C, G  D 7. CPCTC
8. DAC, GAB are isosceles triangles 8.
9. B  G, D  C 9. The base angles of an isosceles
triangle are congruent
10. B  C  G  D 10.
11. BFA  GFA  DEA  CEA 11. All right angles are congruent
12. BFA  GFA  DEA  CEA
12.

1.
13. AF  AE
2. AF  AE
14. Congruent segments have congruent
length

 Congruent chords are equidistant from the center of a circle.

Great work! You did a good job in applying what you have learned!

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 Assessment

I hope you had a great time going over this module. For you to determine how
much you’ve learned, kindly show the validity of the given theorem using two-column
proof.

Theorem:
In a circle, parallel chords intercept congruent arcs.

If: AB is parallel to CD

Then: arc AC  arc BD

Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. AB is parallel to CD 1. Given
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.
6. 6.
7. 7.
8. arc AC  arc BD 8. Congruent arcs have equal measure

 Parallel chords intercept congruent arcs in a circle.

Good Job! You did well on this module! Keep going!

Congratulations on completing the whole module. You are now

ready to answer the next module on illustration of secants,
tangents, segments and sectors of a circle.

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 Additional Activities

Solve the given problem using two-column proof. Just complete the table below by
filling in the blanks with correct answer.

Given:

KLM inscribed in circle O

Prove:
1
mKLM  m arcKM
2

Proof:

Statements Reasons
1 1.Inscribed Angle Theorem
1. mKLN  m arcKN and
2
1
mMLN  m arcMN
2
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
1 5. Substitution
mKLM  m arcKM
5. 2

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Answer Key

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References
https://mathbitsnotebook.com/Geometry/Circles/CRproofs.html

https://depedtambayan.org/grade-9-teachers-guide-tg-k-to-12-curriculum-2/

https://www.slideshare.net/daniholic/math-grade-10-learners-module

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 EDITOR’S NOTE
This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN
with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal.
Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning
Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used by all
learners of Region XII in all public schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The
process of LR development was observed in the production of this module.
This is version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments, and
recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: [email protected]

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