Machine Design

Tutorials
Spring/Summer 2020
June 11th - Week 6
DGD 6
Problem 1
The figure below shows two bearings supporting a 1000-rpm shaft and gear.
The bearing on the left carries a 5 kN radial load and 1 kN thrust load. The
loading is borderline between light and moderate impact. The required life is
5000 hours with only 2% probability of failure. Select a 200 series radial-
contact ball bearing for the left bearing (only).

Gear Shaft Bearing

 Page 608 J&M txtbk:
Known:
Fr = 5 kN and Ft = 1 kN
98% reliability
L = 5000 hr
Light-moderate impact
𝐹𝑡 1
= = 0.20 → 𝐹𝑒 = 𝐹𝑟
Find: 𝐹𝑟 5

A suitable radial contact bearing.

𝐾𝑟 = 0.33

(page 607)
 (page 609)
60 𝑚𝑖𝑛 1000 𝑟𝑒𝑣
𝐿 = 5000 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 = 5000 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝐿 = 3 × 108 𝑟𝑒𝑣

𝐾𝑎 = 1.5

Required value of C for the application (𝐶𝑟𝑒𝑞 )

𝐹𝑒 = 𝐹𝑟 = 5 𝑘𝑁
𝐾𝑎 = 1.5
0.3
𝐿 = 3 × 108 𝑟𝑒𝑣 3 × 108 𝑟𝑒𝑣
𝐶𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 5 𝑘𝑁 1.5
𝐾𝑟 = 0.33 0.33(9 × 107 𝑟𝑒𝑣)

𝐿𝑟 = 9 × 107 𝑟𝑒𝑣 (page 606)

𝐶𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 15.02 𝑘𝑁
𝐶𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 15.02 𝑘𝑁 (page 605)

Radial bearing

200 series
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
Therefore, we select a No. 213
207
radial ball bearing with a bore of
208
65mm and load capacity of 16.0 kN
209
210 𝐴𝑛𝑠.
211
212
16.0 > 𝐶𝑟𝑒𝑞
213
Problem 2
A particular bearing application provides a life of 15 000 hours for 90%
reliability. What are the corresponding lives for 50% and 99% reliability?
Using Eq 14.2a (pg 607 J&M textbook)
3.33
𝐶
𝐿 = 𝐾𝑟 𝐿𝑅
𝐹𝑟

For identical bearings with the same 𝐿𝑅 , C and 𝐹𝑟 :

𝐿 𝐿 𝐿
3.33 ቮ = 3.33 ቮ = 3.33 ቮ
𝐶 𝐶 𝐶
𝐾𝑟 𝐿𝑅 𝐾𝑟 𝐿𝑅 𝐾𝑟 𝐿𝑅
𝐹𝑟 90%
𝐹𝑟 50%
𝐹𝑟 99%

𝐿 𝐿 𝐿
ቤ = ቤ = ቤ
𝐾𝑟 90% 𝐾𝑟 50% 𝐾𝑟 99%
Find reliability factors 𝐾𝑟 :
(page 606)

(page 607)

𝐾𝑟 90% = 1.0 𝐾𝑟 99% = 0.21 𝐾𝑟 50% = 5.0

Substituting 𝐾𝑟 values:

𝐿 𝐿 𝐿
ቤ = ቤ = ቤ
𝐾𝑟 90% 𝐾𝑟 50% 𝐾𝑟 99%

𝐿90% 𝐿50% 𝐿99% A higher reliability requirement

= = (fewer bearing failures) means a
1.0 5.0 0.21
shorter life.

We know 𝐿90% =15 000 hours, so:

𝐿50% = 5.0 𝐿90% = 5.0 15 000 = 75 000 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠

𝐿99% = 0.21 𝐿90% = 0.21 15 000 = 3 150 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠

𝐴𝑛𝑠.
Problem 3
A No. 207 radial-contact ball bearing supports a shaft that rotates at 1800 rpm.
The radial load varies in such a way that 60, 30 and 10 percent of the time, the
load is 3 kN, 5 kN, and 7 kN, respectively. The loads are uniform, so that 𝐾𝑎 = 1.
Estimate the 𝐿10 (also called 𝐵10 ) life and the median life of the bearing, taken
as 5 times 𝐿10 .

Assumption:

Palmgren-Miner rule (linear

cumulative damage rule) applies
Schematic of varying radial load over time
Palmgren and Miner Rule
#𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒚𝒄𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒕 𝒂 𝒈𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅 𝒍𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒍
𝑨𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝑫𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒈𝒆 = ෍
# 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒚𝒄𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒃𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆 𝒇𝒂𝒊𝒍𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒂𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅 𝒍𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒍

# of different kinds of
𝑗=𝑘 cyclic stress
𝑛1 𝑛2 𝑛𝑘 𝑛𝑗
+ +⋯+ =1 𝒐𝒓 ෍ =1
𝑁1 𝑁2 𝑁𝑘 𝑁𝑗
𝑗=1

𝒏𝟏 , 𝒏𝟐 , … 𝒏𝒌 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑠

𝑵𝟏 , 𝑵𝟐 , … 𝑵𝒌 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑠, 𝑎𝑠 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛

𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑆 − 𝑁 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒.
 𝐹𝑟
𝑁𝑜. 207 𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑙
Find bearing rated capacity, C, for 207 radial contact 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔
ball bearing (bore diameter =35mm → can find this 1800 𝑟𝑝𝑚
from table 14.1!)
From Table 14.2 in J&M Textbook (pg 605):

𝐾𝑎 = 1 (𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑)

𝐶 = 8.50 𝑘𝑁

𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝐿𝑅 = 90 × 106 𝑎𝑛𝑑 90% 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦

Using Eq 14.5a (pg 609 J&M textbook)

3.33
𝐶
𝐿 = 𝐾𝑟 𝐿𝑟
𝐹𝑒 𝐾𝑎

• We only have radial load, so equivalent load, 𝐹𝑒 (combination of radial and

tangential) is just equal to our radial load, 𝐹𝑟 .

• 𝐾𝑎 = 1 (given in question)

• With 90% reliability, 𝐾𝑟 = 1 (see fig. 14.13)

3.33
𝐶
𝐿 = 𝐿𝑟 Eq. 14.1a in J&M textbook
𝐹𝑟
 𝟑.𝟑𝟑
𝑪
𝑳 = 𝑳𝒓
𝑭𝒓

𝑪 = 𝟖. 𝟓 𝒌𝑵 𝑳𝒓 = 𝟗𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝒓𝒆𝒗

3.33
8.5 𝑘𝑁
𝑭𝒓 = 𝟑 𝒌𝑵 → 𝐿 = 90 × 106 = 2887 × 106 𝑟𝑒𝑣
3 𝑘𝑁
3.33
8.5 𝑘𝑁
𝑭𝒓 = 𝟓 𝒌𝑵 → 𝐿 = 90 × 106 = 526.8 × 106 𝑟𝑒𝑣
5 𝑘𝑁
3.33
8.5 𝑘𝑁
𝑭𝒓 = 𝟕 𝒌𝑵 → 𝐿 = 90 × 106 = 171.8 × 106 𝑟𝑒𝑣
7 𝑘𝑁
Using Palmgren and Miner Rule (eq. 8.3 in J&M textbook on pg 344)

𝒏𝟏 𝒏𝟐 𝒏𝟑
+ + =𝟏
𝑵𝟏 𝑵𝟐 𝑵𝟑

Let x be equal to the B-10 life… so for x minutes of operation, we have:

𝑛1 = 1080𝑥 𝑟𝑒𝑣 𝑛2 = 540𝑥 𝑟𝑒𝑣 𝑛3 = 180𝑥 𝑟𝑒𝑣

From previous slide:

𝑁1 = 2887 × 106 𝑟𝑒𝑣 𝑁2 = 526.8 × 106 𝑟𝑒𝑣 𝑁3 = 171.8 × 106 𝑟𝑒𝑣
B10 life:
1080𝑥 540𝑥 180𝑥
6
+ 6
+ 6
=1
2887 × 10 526.8 × 10 171.8 × 10

106
𝑥= = 408,694 minutes = 6811 hours 𝐴𝑁𝑆.
2.4469

Median life equals approximately 5 times the B10 life…

median life = 34,057 hours 𝐴𝑁𝑆.

**The general relationship that average life is equal to approx. 5 times the B10 life was established
from experimental data obtained from endurance testing of numerous bearings
See you next
week!