Spring/Summer 2021

May 7th - Week 1

Circular beam with pin connections in reality
 FBD

𝑀 =0 𝐹 =0 𝐹𝑎
𝑅 =𝐹−
𝐿
𝑅 𝐿 − 𝐹𝑎 = 0 𝑅 +𝑅 −𝐹 =0
Simplify
𝐹𝑎 𝑅 =𝐹−𝑅
𝑅 = 𝐹 𝐿−𝑎
𝐿 𝑅 =
Plug 1  2 𝐿
Equations we will use to determine deflection and slope:

Juvinall-Marshek Txtbk pg 208

2. Determine deflection and slope (by direct integration) – cont.
 Local Equilibrium Equations
𝑥
𝐹

a L−a
𝑅 𝑅

𝑺𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒓 (𝑽) 𝑩𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 (𝑴)

𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝒂:
𝑥 𝐹 𝐿−𝑎 𝐹 𝐿−𝑎
𝑉=𝑅 = 𝑀=𝑅 𝑥= 𝑥
𝑀 𝐿 𝐿
𝑅 𝑉

𝒂≤𝒙≤𝑳 𝑉 =𝑅 −𝐹 𝑀 =𝑅 𝑥−𝐹 𝑥−𝑎

𝐹 𝐿−𝑎 𝐹 𝐿−𝑎
𝑥 𝐹 𝑉= −𝐹 𝑀= 𝑥−𝐹 𝑥−𝑎
𝐿 𝐿
𝑀
𝑅
𝑉 𝐹𝑎 𝑥
𝑉=− 𝑀 = 𝐹𝑎 1 −
𝐿 𝐿
2. Determine deflection and slope (by direct integration) – cont.
 Shear and Bending Moment Diagrams
𝐹
A B
a L−a

𝐹 𝐿−𝑎
𝑉=𝑅 =
𝐿

𝐹𝑎
𝑉=−
𝐿
2. Determine deflection and slope (by direct integration) – cont.
 Direct Integration
𝑴 𝒅𝟐 𝜹 𝒅𝜹
𝐵𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡: = 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒: 𝜽 = 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝜹 = 𝒙
𝑬𝑰 𝒅𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙

𝐹
𝑭𝒐𝒓 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝒂: 𝑭𝒐𝒓 𝒂 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝑳:
a L−a
𝑅 𝑅
𝐵𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡: 𝐵𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡:

𝑀 𝑑 𝛿 𝐹 𝐿−𝑎 𝑀 𝑑 𝛿 𝐹𝑎 𝑥
= = 𝑥 = = 1−
𝐸𝐼 𝑑𝑥 𝐿 𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼 𝑑𝑥 𝐸𝐼 𝐿

→ 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 → 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒

𝑑𝛿 1 𝐹 𝑥 − 𝑎 𝑑𝛿 𝐹𝑎 1 𝐹𝑎
𝜃= = 𝑥 +𝐶 𝜃= = 𝑥− 𝑥 +𝐶
𝑑𝑥 2 𝐿 𝐸𝐼 𝑑𝑥 𝐸𝐼 2 𝐸𝐼

→ 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 → 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

1𝐹 𝐿 −𝑎 1 𝐹𝑎 1 𝐹𝑎
𝛿= 𝑥 +𝐶 𝑥+𝐶 𝛿= 𝑥 − 𝑥 +𝐶 𝑥+𝐶
6 𝐿 𝐸𝐼 2 𝐸𝐼 6 𝐸𝐼
2. Determine deflection and slope (by direct integration) – cont.
 Boundary and Continuity Conditions

Use Boundary Conditions and Continuity Conditions to solve for constants: 𝐶 , 𝐶 , 𝐶 , 𝐶

Boundary Conditions:
**No deflection can occur at the supports/pins, therefore, 𝜹 = 𝟎 when 𝒙 = 𝟎 and 𝒙 = 𝑳
Plugging equation 𝜹 𝟎 = 𝟎 into and 𝜹 𝑳 = 𝟎 into

BC 1: 𝜹 𝟎 = 𝟎 BC 2: 𝜹 𝑳 = 𝟎

1𝐹 𝐿 −𝑎 1 𝐹𝑎 1 𝐹𝑎
𝛿= 𝑥 +𝐶 𝑥+𝐶 𝛿= 𝑥 − 𝑥 +𝐶 𝑥+𝐶
6 𝐿 𝐸𝐼 2 𝐸𝐼 6 𝐸𝐼
1𝐹 𝐿 − 𝑎 1 𝐹𝑎 1 𝐹𝑎
𝛿= (𝑂) + 𝐶 0 + 𝐶 = 0 𝛿= (𝐿) − 𝐿 +𝐶 𝐿 +𝐶 =0
6 𝐿 𝐸𝐼 2 𝐸𝐼 6 𝐸𝐼
𝐶 =0
2. Determine deflection and slope (by direct integration) – cont.
 Boundary and Continuity Conditions
Continuity Conditions:
Slope and deflection are continuous at 𝒙 = 𝒂.
We can therefore equate equations and ; and
Slope (equating Eq 1 and 3, and subbing in x=a)

1 𝐹 (𝑎) − 𝑎 𝐹𝑎 1 𝐹𝑎
(𝑎) +𝐶 = 𝑥− (𝑎) +𝐶
2 𝐿 𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼 2 𝐸𝐼

Deflection (equating Eq. 2 and 4 and subbing in x=a)

1𝐹 𝐿 − 𝑎 1 𝐹𝑎 1 𝐹𝑎
(𝑎) + 𝐶 (𝑎) = 𝑎 − 𝑎 + 𝐶 (𝑎) + 𝐶
6 𝐿 𝐸𝐼 2 𝐸𝐼 6 𝐸𝐼

Solve Eqs simultaneously to determine 𝐶 , 𝐶 and 𝐶

2. Determine deflection and slope (by direct integration) – cont.
 Boundary and Continuity Conditions

Solving yields the following solutions:

Deflection
𝐹 𝐿−𝑎 𝑥 𝐹 𝐿−𝑎 𝑥
𝟎≤𝒙≤𝒂 𝛿=− 𝐿 −𝑥 − 𝐿−𝑎 = (𝑥 + 𝑎 − 2𝐿𝑎)
6 𝐸𝐼 𝐿 6 𝐸𝐼 𝐿

𝐹𝑎 𝐿 − 𝑥 𝐹𝑎 𝐿 − 𝑥
𝒂≤𝒙≤𝑳 𝛿=− 𝐿 − 𝐿−𝑥 −𝑎 = (𝑥 − 2𝐿𝑥 + 𝑎 )
6𝐸𝐼 𝐿 6 𝐸𝐼 𝐿
Slope
𝐹 𝐿−𝑎
𝟎≤𝒙≤𝒂 𝜃= 𝑎 − 2𝐿𝑎 + 3𝑥 Note that solutions to the general
6 𝐸𝐼 𝐿
equations for slope and deflection
of simply supported beams are well
𝐹𝑎
𝒂≤𝒙≤𝑳 𝜃=− 2𝐿 − 6𝐿𝑥 + 𝑎 + 3𝑥 known and already exist!
6 𝐸𝐼 𝐿
Visit page 851 in your textbook for
a helpful table!
 𝐹 𝐹 𝐹 𝐹
A B A A

a a a a
𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 𝑅
𝐿 𝐿 𝐿

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝛿 = 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝐹 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑒 + 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝐹 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑒

…using Method of Superposition to determine deflection of simply supported beam

𝐹 𝐹
A A
a a
𝑅 𝑅
𝐿 𝐿
Applying equations from Problem 1 (also found in textbook)

𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝒂𝟏 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝒂𝟐

𝐹 𝐿−𝑎 𝑥 𝐹 𝐿−𝑎 𝑥
𝛿 = (𝑥 + 𝑎 − 2𝐿𝑎 ) 𝛿 = (𝑥 + 𝑎 − 2𝐿𝑎 )
6 𝐸𝐼 𝐿 6 𝐸𝐼 𝐿

𝒂𝟏 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝑳 𝒂𝟐 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝑳

𝐹 𝑎 𝐿−𝑥 𝐹 𝑎 𝐿−𝑥
𝛿 = (𝑥 − 2𝐿𝑥 + 𝑎 ) 𝛿 = (𝑥 − 2𝐿𝑥 + 𝑎 )
6 𝐸𝐼 𝐿 6 𝐸𝐼 𝐿
…using Method of Superposition to determine deflection of simply supported beam

𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝒂𝟏 → 𝛿 =𝛿 +𝛿

𝒂𝟏 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝒂 𝟐 → 𝛿 =𝛿 +𝛿

𝒂𝟐 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝑳 → 𝛿 =𝛿 +𝛿

𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝒂𝟏
𝐹 𝐿−𝑎 𝑥 𝐹 𝐿−𝑎 𝑥
𝛿 =𝛿 +𝛿 = 𝑥 + 𝑎 − 2𝐿𝑎 + 𝑥 + 𝑎 − 2𝐿𝑎
6 𝐸𝐼 𝐿 6 𝐸𝐼 𝐿

𝒂𝟏 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝒂 𝟐
𝐹 𝑎 𝐿−𝑥 𝐹 𝐿−𝑎 𝑥
𝛿 =𝛿 +𝛿 = 𝑥 − 2𝐿𝑥 + 𝑎 + (𝑥 + 𝑎 − 2𝐿𝑎 )
6 𝐸𝐼 𝐿 6 𝐸𝐼 𝐿

𝒂𝟐 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝑳
𝐹 𝑎 𝐿−𝑥 𝐹 𝑎 𝐿−𝑥
𝛿 =𝛿 +𝛿 = 𝑥 − 2𝐿𝑥 + 𝑎 + (𝑥 − 2𝐿𝑥 + 𝑎 )
6 𝐸𝐼 𝐿 6 𝐸𝐼 𝐿
 3 in 3 in

4 in

𝐹 =0 𝑀 =0

𝑀 +𝑀− 𝑥𝑝𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑅 − 𝑝𝑑𝑥 = 0
1
𝑅 = 4𝑝 𝑅 = 80 𝑙𝑏𝑓 𝑀 = −𝑀 + 𝑥 𝑝 𝑀 = 160 𝑙𝑏𝑓 ∗ 𝑖𝑛
2
 𝑝
𝑥
3 in 3 in
𝑀 M
4 in
𝑅

𝑺𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒓 (𝑽) 𝑩𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 (𝑴)

𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟑 𝒊𝒏:
𝑉= 𝑅 𝑀 = −𝑀 + 𝑅 𝑥
𝑀 𝑀

𝑅 𝑉

𝟑 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟕 𝒊𝒏:
𝑉=𝑅 − 𝑝𝑑𝑠 𝑀 = −𝑀 + 𝑅 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑥 − 𝑠 𝑝𝑑𝑠
𝑝

𝑉 = 𝑅 − 𝑝(𝑥 − 3) 𝑀 = −𝑀 + 𝑅 𝑥 − 𝑝 𝑥𝑠 − 𝑠
𝑀 𝑀

𝑅 𝑉 𝑀 = −𝑀 + 𝑅 𝑥 − 𝑝 𝑥 − 3𝑥 +
 𝑝
𝑥
3 in 3 in
𝑀 M
4 in
𝑅

𝑺𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒓 (𝑽) 𝑩𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 (𝑴)

𝟕 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏𝟎 𝒊𝒏:
𝑉=𝑅 − 𝑝𝑑𝑠 𝑀 = −𝑀 + 𝑅 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑥 − 𝑠 𝑝𝑑𝑠
𝑝
𝑉 = 𝑅 − 4𝑝 𝑀 = −𝑀 + 𝑅 𝑥 − 𝑝 𝑥𝑠 − 𝑠
𝑀 𝑀

𝑅 𝑉 𝑀 = −𝑀 + 𝑅 𝑥 − 𝑝 4𝑥 − 20
3. Equations needed to find deflection and slope by direct integration

𝑴 𝒅𝟐 𝜹 𝒅𝜹
𝐵𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡: = 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒: 𝜽 = 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝜹 = 𝒙
𝑬𝑰 𝒅𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙

𝑝
𝑭𝒐𝒓 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟑 𝒊𝒏: 𝑥
3 in 3 in
𝐵𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡: 𝑀 M
4 in
𝑀 𝑑 𝛿 1 𝑅
= = (−𝑀 + 𝑅 𝑥)
𝐸𝐼 𝑑𝑥 𝐸𝐼
→ 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 Boundary Conditions:
𝜹 = 𝟎 and 𝜽 = 𝟎 when 𝒙 = 𝟎
𝑑𝛿 1 1 Plugging equations 𝜹 𝟎 = 𝟎 and 𝜽 𝟎 = 𝟎 into and :
𝜃= = (−𝑀 𝑥 + 𝑅 𝑥 ) + 𝐶
𝑑𝑥 𝐸𝐼 2
𝐶 =𝐶 =0
→ 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
1 1 1 1 1
𝜃= (−𝑀 𝑥 + 𝑅 𝑥 ) 𝛿= − 𝑀 𝑥 + 𝑅 𝑥
1 1 1 𝐸𝐼 2 𝐸𝐼 2 6
𝛿= − 𝑀 𝑥 + 𝑅 𝑥 +𝐶 𝑥+𝐶
𝐸𝐼 2 6
3. Equations needed to find deflection and slope by direct integration – cont.

𝑴 𝒅𝟐 𝜹 𝒅𝜹
𝐵𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡: = 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒: 𝜽 = 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝜹 = 𝒙
𝑬𝑰 𝒅𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙

𝑭𝒐𝒓 𝟑 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟕 𝒊𝒏:
Continuity Conditions:
Slope and deflection are continuous at 𝒙 = 𝟑 in
𝐵𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡:
Use to determine constants 𝐶 and 𝐶 .
𝑀 𝑑 𝛿 1 1 9
= = −𝑀 + 𝑅 𝑥 − 𝑝 𝑥 − 3𝑥 +
𝐸𝐼 𝑑𝑥 𝐸𝐼 2 2

→ 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒

𝑑𝛿 1 1 1 3 9
𝜃= = −𝑀 𝑥 + 𝑅 𝑥 − 𝑝 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 +𝐶
𝑑𝑥 𝐸𝐼 2 6 2 2
→ 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

1 1 1 1 1 9
𝛿= − 𝑀 𝑥 + 𝑅 𝑥 −𝑝 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 +𝐶 𝑥+𝐶
𝐸𝐼 2 6 24 2 4
3. Equations needed to find deflection and slope by direct integration – cont.

𝑴 𝒅𝟐 𝜹 𝒅𝜹
𝐵𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡: = 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒: 𝜽 = 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝜹 = 𝒙
𝑬𝑰 𝒅𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙

Use the same

𝑭𝒐𝒓 𝟕 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏𝟎 𝒊𝒏:
process!
𝐵𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡:

𝑀 𝑑 𝛿
= =⋯
𝐸𝐼 𝑑𝑥

→ 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒

This can be done by hand - but becomes tedious quickly.
In applications, we typically use point loads (not distributed
𝑑𝛿
𝜃= =⋯ loads) to represent roller bearings supporting a shaft unless
𝑑𝑥 absolutely necessary. This makes it much easier to solve!
→ 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝛿=⋯
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